The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway and cancer.

abstract：:Spinal cord injury is one of the most devastating conditions that affects the central nervous system. It can lead to permanent disability and there are around two million people affected worldwide. After injury, accumulation of myelin debris and formation of an inhibitory glial scar at the site of injury leads to a ph...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Afshari FT,Kappagantula S,Fawcett JW

更新日期：2009-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is a form of muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in calpain 3 (CAPN3). Several studies have implicated Ca2+ dysregulation as an underlying event in several muscular dystrophies, including LGMD2A. In this study we used mouse and human myotube cultures, and muscle biops...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Toral-Ojeda I,Aldanondo G,Lasa-Elgarresta J,Lasa-Fernández H,Fernández-Torrón R,López de Munain A,Vallejo-Illarramendi A

更新日期：2016-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with an important genetic component. The strongest genetic association is with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. Several MHC alleles predispose to the disease, the most prominent of which are certain alleles in the HLA-DR2 haplotype. Functional and stru...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Holmes S,Friese MA,Siebold C,Jones EY,Bell J,Fugger L

更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) exon 1/intron 1 boundary positioned fragile X related epigenetic element 2 (FREE2), reveals skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in fragile X syndrome full mutation (FM: CGG > 200) females. XCI skewing has been also linked to abnormal X-linked gene expression ...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Godler DE,Inaba Y,Schwartz CE,Bui QM,Shi EZ,Li X,Herlihy AS,Skinner C,Hagerman RJ,Francis D,Amor DJ,Metcalfe SA,Hopper JL,Slater HR

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic marking of genes in the parental germline that ensures the stable transmission of monoallelic gene expression patterns in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. Epigenetic marking systems are thus able to regulate gene activity independently of the underlying DNA sequence. Several impr...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Uribe-Lewis S,Woodfine K,Stojic L,Murrell A

更新日期：2011-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscular dystrophies are a group of diseases characterised by the primary wasting of skeletal muscle, which compromises patient mobility and in the most severe cases originate a complete paralysis and premature death. Existing evidence implicates calcium dysregulation as an underlying crucial event in the pathophysiol...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Vallejo-Illarramendi A,Toral-Ojeda I,Aldanondo G,López de Munain A

更新日期：2014-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Infants born with severe combined immune deficiencies are prone to life-threatening infections and, without treatment, do not survive beyond the first year of life. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a fully matched donor offers the possibility of cure. In the absence of a suitable matched donor, haploident...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Qasim W,Gaspar HB,Thrasher AJ

更新日期：2004-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature, is an integral part of physiological processes such as embryonic development, the female reproductive cycle and wound healing. Angiogenesis is also central to a variety of pathologies including cancer, where it is recognised as being c...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Lafleur MA,Handsley MM,Edwards DR

更新日期：2003-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of mouse models in medical research has greatly contributed to our understanding of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanisms of disease progression in the context of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Maintenance of glucose homeostasis involves a complex interplay of many genes an...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Lee AW,Cox RD

更新日期：2011-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The human brain is a highly complex organ with remarkable energy demands. Although it represents only 2% of the total body weight, it accounts for 20% of all oxygen consumption, reflecting its high rate of metabolic activity. Mitochondria have a crucial role in the supply of energy to the brain. Consequently, their de...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： de Castro IP,Martins LM,Tufi R

更新日期：2010-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Carcinoma of the stomach is one of the most prevalent cancer types in the world today. Only a limited number of biomarkers are available for detection and prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer. New advances in identifying molecular biomarkers are essential. Two major forms of gastric cancer are distinguished accordi...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Wu CW,Chi CW,Lin WC

更新日期：2002-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Ebola virus (EBOV) gained public notoriety in the last decade largely as a consequence of the highly publicized isolation of a new EBOV species in a suburb of Washington, DC, in 1989, together with the dramatic clinical presentation of EBOV infection and high case-fatality rate in Africa (near 90% in some outbreaks), ...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Geisbert TW,Hensley LE

更新日期：2004-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to anti-cancer drugs (drug resistance) can be defined in the laboratory by the amount of anti-cancer drug that is required to produce a given level of cell death (drug response). Clinical drug resistance can be defined either as a lack of reduction of the size of a tumour following chemotherapy or as the oc...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Links M,Brown R

更新日期：1999-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol produced by plants and is proposed to have multiple beneficial effects on health. In recent years, the interest in this molecule has increased nearly exponentially following the major findings that RSV (I) is chemo-preventive in some cancer models, (II) is cardio-protective an...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Widlund AL,Baur JA,Vang O

更新日期：2013-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG1) encodes a multifunctional protein (PTTG) that is overexpressed in numerous tumours, including pituitary, thyroid, breast and ovarian carcinomas. PTTG induces cellular transformation in vitro and tumourigenesis in vivo, and several mechanisms by which PTTG contributes to tu...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Smith VE,Franklyn JA,McCabe CJ

更新日期：2010-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The HEDGEHOG-GLI (HH-GLI) signalling is a key pathway critical in embryonic development, stem cell biology and tissue homeostasis. In recent years, aberrant activation of HH-GLI signalling has been linked to several types of cancer, including those of the skin, brain, lungs, prostate, gastrointestinal tract and blood....

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Pandolfi S,Stecca B

更新日期：2015-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Ectopic pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy implanted outside the uterus, and >98% implant in the Fallopian tube. It has a major clinical and socioeconomic impact worldwide. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is often difficult and resource intensive owing to a lack of accurate biomarkers, and there is a need for impr...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Horne AW,Critchley HO

更新日期：2012-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Memory is the process by which organisms are able to record their experiences, and use this information to adapt their responses to the environment. As such, it is vital for survival. In recent years, the development of spatially and temporally selective techniques for the regulation of gene expression has allowed the...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Dunning J,During MJ

更新日期：2003-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Imaging has become a crucial tool in oncology throughout the course of disease detection and management, and is an integral part of clinical trials. Anatomical and functional imaging led the way, providing valuable information used in the diagnosis of disease, including data regarding the size and location of the tumo...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Seaman ME,Contino G,Bardeesy N,Kelly KA

更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the discovery of noncoding small RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), and their roles as potential tumour suppressors or oncogenes, post-transcriptional and translational control of gene expression have become increasingly important in cancer research. Given that over a third of coding genes, as estimated by computa...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Song B,Ju J

更新日期：2010-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of multipotent adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) has raised hope that tissue regeneration approaches established with bone-marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) can be reproduced with a cell-type that is far more accessible in large quantities. Recent detailed comparisons, however, revealed subtle f...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Ruetze M,Richter W

更新日期：2014-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental and human studies have shown that proteinuria contributes to the progression of renal disease. Overexposure to filtered proteins promotes the expression and release of chemokines by tubular epithelial cells, thus leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and renal impairment. This review focuses on recent ...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Moreno JA,Moreno S,Rubio-Navarro A,Gómez-Guerrero C,Ortiz A,Egido J

更新日期：2014-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are released from enteroendocrine cells in the intestinal epithelium in response to nutrient ingestion. The actions of GLP-1 and GIP - not only on local gut physiology but also on glucose homeostasis, appetite ...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Parker HE,Reimann F,Gribble FM

更新日期：2010-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies (Abs) are associated with thrombosis and pregnancy loss in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a disorder initially characterised in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but now known to occur in the absence of other autoimmune disease. There is strong evidence that aPL Abs a...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Pierangeli SS,Vega-Ostertag ME,González EB

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Infantile haemangioma is the most common tumour of infancy, yet the origin of these lesions remains controversial and the predictable life cycle is poorly understood. Much new information on infantile haemangiomas has emerged over the past decade, but experts continue to debate fundamental features, including cell of ...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Ritter MR,Butschek RA,Friedlander M,Friedlander SF

更新日期：2007-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Angptl2 is a multifaceted protein, displaying both physiological and pathological functions, in which scientific and clinical interest is growing exponentially within the past few years. Its physiological functions are not well understood, but angptl2 was first acknowledged for its pro-angiogenic and antiapoptotic cap...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Thorin-Trescases N,Thorin E

更新日期：2014-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes whose functions are regulated by self and foreign glycolipid antigens presented by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d. Activation of iNKT cells in vivo results in rapid release of copious amounts of effector cytokines and chemokines with which they regul...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Florence WC,Bhat RK,Joyce S

更新日期：2008-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Several genetic loci appear to be involved in susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Some loci are disease specific, whereas others appear to exert a general effect on the autoimmune disease process. Despite a large number of studies of many different diseases, consistent associations with multiple autoimmune disorders...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Brand O,Gough S,Heward J

更新日期：2005-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Epithelial ovarian cancer comprises several subtypes of tumours that exhibit diverse histopathological features. The intriguing assumption by many epithelial ovarian cancers of specialised features of nonovarian tissue lineages has promoted considerable debate as to whether these tumours arise from the deceptively sim...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Naora H

更新日期：2007-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Common to all forms of chronic kidney disease is the progressive scarring of the tubulo-interstitial space, associated with the acquisition and accumulation of activated myofibroblasts. Many of these myofibroblasts are generated when tubular epithelial cells progressively lose their epithelial characteristics (cell-ce...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Burns WC,Thomas MC

更新日期：2010-05-27 00:00:00