Clinical relevance of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to anti-cancer drugs.

abstract：:Endothelial hyperpermeability is a significant problem in vascular inflammation associated with trauma, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, diabetes, thrombosis and cancer. An important mechanism underlying this process is increased paracellular leakage of plasma fluid and protei...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Kumar P,Shen Q,Pivetti CD,Lee ES,Wu MH,Yuan SY

更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Infants born with severe combined immune deficiencies are prone to life-threatening infections and, without treatment, do not survive beyond the first year of life. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a fully matched donor offers the possibility of cure. In the absence of a suitable matched donor, haploident...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Qasim W,Gaspar HB,Thrasher AJ

更新日期：2004-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of mouse models in medical research has greatly contributed to our understanding of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanisms of disease progression in the context of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Maintenance of glucose homeostasis involves a complex interplay of many genes an...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Lee AW,Cox RD

更新日期：2011-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) accounts for 5-10% of deaths from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and approximately 50% of these cases have been definitely linked to missense mutations in three genes, encoding the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). Of these, the vast majority of F...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Chen Q,Schubert D

更新日期：2002-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical condition with no effective treatment. Tubular cells are key targets in AKI. Tubular cells and, specifically, proximal tubular cells are extremely rich in mitochondria and mitochondrial changes had long been known to be a feature of AKI. However, only recent advances in ...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Tábara LC,Poveda J,Martin-Cleary C,Selgas R,Ortiz A,Sanchez-Niño MD

更新日期：2014-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are ubiquitous DNA viruses that infect cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. A subset of HPVs infects the female genital tract, to induce cervical lesions that can progress to malignancy in some women. DNA from HPVs can be found in >94% of cervical carcinomas (CaCx) worldwide; this strong asso...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Man S

更新日期：1998-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are released from enteroendocrine cells in the intestinal epithelium in response to nutrient ingestion. The actions of GLP-1 and GIP - not only on local gut physiology but also on glucose homeostasis, appetite ...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Parker HE,Reimann F,Gribble FM

更新日期：2010-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Antisense oligonucleotides as a therapeutic platform have been slow to progress since the approval of the first antisense drug in 1998. Recently, there have been several examples of convincing antisense interventions in animal models and promising clinical trial data. This review considers the factors determining the ...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： White PJ,Anastasopoulos F,Pouton CW,Boyd BJ

更新日期：2009-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol produced by plants and is proposed to have multiple beneficial effects on health. In recent years, the interest in this molecule has increased nearly exponentially following the major findings that RSV (I) is chemo-preventive in some cancer models, (II) is cardio-protective an...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Widlund AL,Baur JA,Vang O

更新日期：2013-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature, is an integral part of physiological processes such as embryonic development, the female reproductive cycle and wound healing. Angiogenesis is also central to a variety of pathologies including cancer, where it is recognised as being c...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Lafleur MA,Handsley MM,Edwards DR

更新日期：2003-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with an important genetic component. The strongest genetic association is with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. Several MHC alleles predispose to the disease, the most prominent of which are certain alleles in the HLA-DR2 haplotype. Functional and stru...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Holmes S,Friese MA,Siebold C,Jones EY,Bell J,Fugger L

更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle fibres are very specialised cells with a complex structure that requires a high level of organisation of the constituent proteins. For muscle contraction to function properly, there is a need for not only sarcomeres, the contractile structures of the muscle fibre, but also costameres. These are supramolecular s...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Jaka O,Casas-Fraile L,López de Munain A,Sáenz A

更新日期：2015-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Engineered tissue derived from ocular surface stem cells (SCs) are a cutting edge biotechnology for repair and restoration of severely damaged eyes as a result of ocular surface dysfunction because of SC failure. Ex-vivo SC expansion techniques have advanced significantly since the first patients were treated in the l...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Angunawela RI,Mehta JS,Daniels JT

更新日期：2013-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Polydactyly is one of the most common inherited limb abnormalities, characterised by supernumerary fingers or toes. It results from disturbances in the normal programme of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb, with diverse aetiology and variable inter- and intra-familial clinical features. Polydactyly ca...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Deng H,Tan T,Yuan L

更新日期：2015-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR is a central element in an evolutionary conserved signalling pathway that regulates cell growth, survival and proliferation, orchestrating signals originating from growth factors, nutrients or particular stress stimuli. Two important modulators of mTOR activity are the AKT and ER...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Drakos E,Rassidakis GZ,Medeiros LJ

更新日期：2008-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) harbours genes whose primary function in regulating immune responsiveness to infection is to present foreign antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and T helper cells. In the case of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), defining the optimal HIV epitopes that a...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Mehra NK,Kaur G

更新日期：2003-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Ebola virus (EBOV) gained public notoriety in the last decade largely as a consequence of the highly publicized isolation of a new EBOV species in a suburb of Washington, DC, in 1989, together with the dramatic clinical presentation of EBOV infection and high case-fatality rate in Africa (near 90% in some outbreaks), ...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Geisbert TW,Hensley LE

更新日期：2004-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies (Abs) are associated with thrombosis and pregnancy loss in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a disorder initially characterised in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but now known to occur in the absence of other autoimmune disease. There is strong evidence that aPL Abs a...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Pierangeli SS,Vega-Ostertag ME,González EB

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes whose functions are regulated by self and foreign glycolipid antigens presented by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d. Activation of iNKT cells in vivo results in rapid release of copious amounts of effector cytokines and chemokines with which they regul...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Florence WC,Bhat RK,Joyce S

更新日期：2008-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Common to all forms of chronic kidney disease is the progressive scarring of the tubulo-interstitial space, associated with the acquisition and accumulation of activated myofibroblasts. Many of these myofibroblasts are generated when tubular epithelial cells progressively lose their epithelial characteristics (cell-ce...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Burns WC,Thomas MC

更新日期：2010-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Several genetic loci appear to be involved in susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Some loci are disease specific, whereas others appear to exert a general effect on the autoimmune disease process. Despite a large number of studies of many different diseases, consistent associations with multiple autoimmune disorders...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Brand O,Gough S,Heward J

更新日期：2005-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are allergic immune disorders characterised by a predominance of T helper 2 (Th2) cells, the resulting elevation of allergen-specific IgE, and mast-cell- and basophil-associated inflammation. The cytokine environment at the site of the initial antigen stimulation determi...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Inoue H,Kubo M

更新日期：2004-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscular dystrophies are a group of diseases characterised by the primary wasting of skeletal muscle, which compromises patient mobility and in the most severe cases originate a complete paralysis and premature death. Existing evidence implicates calcium dysregulation as an underlying crucial event in the pathophysiol...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Vallejo-Illarramendi A,Toral-Ojeda I,Aldanondo G,López de Munain A

更新日期：2014-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans and other vertebrates exhibit left-right (LR) asymmetric arrangement of the internal organs, and failure to establish normal LR asymmetry leads to internal laterality disorders, including situs inversus and heterotaxy. Situs inversus is complete mirror-imaged arrangement of the internal organs along LR axis, wh...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Deng H,Xia H,Deng S

更新日期：2015-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Glioblastoma multiforme, because of its invasive nature, can be considered a disease of the entire brain. Despite recent advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, current treatment regimens have only a marginal impact on patient survival. A crucial challenge is to deliver drugs effectively to invasive glioma...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Agarwal S,Sane R,Oberoi R,Ohlfest JR,Elmquist WF

更新日期：2011-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Carcinoma of the stomach is one of the most prevalent cancer types in the world today. Only a limited number of biomarkers are available for detection and prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer. New advances in identifying molecular biomarkers are essential. Two major forms of gastric cancer are distinguished accordi...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Wu CW,Chi CW,Lin WC

更新日期：2002-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic marking of genes in the parental germline that ensures the stable transmission of monoallelic gene expression patterns in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. Epigenetic marking systems are thus able to regulate gene activity independently of the underlying DNA sequence. Several impr...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Uribe-Lewis S,Woodfine K,Stojic L,Murrell A

更新日期：2011-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery. It is prevalent in developing countries that cannot prevent its fecal-oral spread and ranks second in worldwide causes of morbidity by parasitic infection. Improvements in sanitation would help curb disease spread. However, a lac...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Laughlin RC,Temesvari LA

更新日期：2005-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG1) encodes a multifunctional protein (PTTG) that is overexpressed in numerous tumours, including pituitary, thyroid, breast and ovarian carcinomas. PTTG induces cellular transformation in vitro and tumourigenesis in vivo, and several mechanisms by which PTTG contributes to tu...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Smith VE,Franklyn JA,McCabe CJ

更新日期：2010-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Many viruses, with distinct replication strategies, activate DNA-damage response pathways, including the lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the DNA viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1, adenovirus and SV40. DNA-damage response pathways involving DNA-dependent protein kinase, ataxia-t...

journal_title：Expert reviews in molecular medicine

authors： Sinclair A,Yarranton S,Schelcher C

更新日期：2006-03-03 00:00:00