Abstract:
:Since the discovery of noncoding small RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), and their roles as potential tumour suppressors or oncogenes, post-transcriptional and translational control of gene expression have become increasingly important in cancer research. Given that over a third of coding genes, as estimated by computational prediction, are regulated by miRNAs, various types of cancer will show direct association with changes in miRNA expression. The link of certain miRNAs with specific developmental stages, tissues and cancer contributes to their strong potential as biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we cover recent advances in miRNA research in human gastrointestinal cancer (colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and liver) and the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
journal_name
Expert Rev Mol Medjournal_title
Expert reviews in molecular medicineauthors
Song B,Ju Jdoi
10.1017/S1462399410001663subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-14 00:00:00pages
e33issn
1462-3994pii
S1462399410001663journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Experimental and human studies have shown that proteinuria contributes to the progression of renal disease. Overexposure to filtered proteins promotes the expression and release of chemokines by tubular epithelial cells, thus leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and renal impairment. This review focuses on recent ...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/erm.2014.3
更新日期:2014-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Many viruses, with distinct replication strategies, activate DNA-damage response pathways, including the lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the DNA viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1, adenovirus and SV40. DNA-damage response pathways involving DNA-dependent protein kinase, ataxia-t...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399406010544
更新日期:2006-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is a pathological process that takes place in the major arteries and is the underlying cause of heart attacks, stroke and peripheral artery disease. The earliest detectable lesions, called fatty streaks, contain macrophage foam cells that are derived from recruited monocytes. More-advanced atherosclero...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1462399401003696
更新日期:2001-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) accounts for 5-10% of deaths from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and approximately 50% of these cases have been definitely linked to missense mutations in three genes, encoding the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). Of these, the vast majority of F...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399402005008
更新日期:2002-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes whose functions are regulated by self and foreign glycolipid antigens presented by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d. Activation of iNKT cells in vivo results in rapid release of copious amounts of effector cytokines and chemokines with which they regul...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399408000732
更新日期:2008-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Muscular dystrophies are a group of diseases characterised by the primary wasting of skeletal muscle, which compromises patient mobility and in the most severe cases originate a complete paralysis and premature death. Existing evidence implicates calcium dysregulation as an underlying crucial event in the pathophysiol...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/erm.2014.17
更新日期:2014-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is a form of muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in calpain 3 (CAPN3). Several studies have implicated Ca2+ dysregulation as an underlying event in several muscular dystrophies, including LGMD2A. In this study we used mouse and human myotube cultures, and muscle biops...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/erm.2016.9
更新日期:2016-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with an important genetic component. The strongest genetic association is with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. Several MHC alleles predispose to the disease, the most prominent of which are certain alleles in the HLA-DR2 haplotype. Functional and stru...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399405008914
更新日期:2005-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature, is an integral part of physiological processes such as embryonic development, the female reproductive cycle and wound healing. Angiogenesis is also central to a variety of pathologies including cancer, where it is recognised as being c...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399403006628
更新日期:2003-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery. It is prevalent in developing countries that cannot prevent its fecal-oral spread and ranks second in worldwide causes of morbidity by parasitic infection. Improvements in sanitation would help curb disease spread. However, a lac...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399405009622
更新日期:2005-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Methylation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) exon 1/intron 1 boundary positioned fragile X related epigenetic element 2 (FREE2), reveals skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in fragile X syndrome full mutation (FM: CGG > 200) females. XCI skewing has been also linked to abnormal X-linked gene expression ...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/erm.2015.11
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of multipotent adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) has raised hope that tissue regeneration approaches established with bone-marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) can be reproduced with a cell-type that is far more accessible in large quantities. Recent detailed comparisons, however, revealed subtle f...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/erm.2014.9
更新日期:2014-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) involve the migration of abnormal numbers of self-directed leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier that normally separates the CNS from the immune system. The cardinal lesion associated with neuroinflammatory diseases is the perivascular infiltrate, which compr...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399407000397
更新日期:2007-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic marking of genes in the parental germline that ensures the stable transmission of monoallelic gene expression patterns in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. Epigenetic marking systems are thus able to regulate gene activity independently of the underlying DNA sequence. Several impr...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399410001717
更新日期:2011-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that arises from lack of expression of paternally inherited genes known to be imprinted and located in the chromosome 15q11-q13 region. PWS is considered the most common syndromal cause of life-threatening obesity and is estimated at 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 in...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399405009531
更新日期:2005-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::The HEDGEHOG-GLI (HH-GLI) signalling is a key pathway critical in embryonic development, stem cell biology and tissue homeostasis. In recent years, aberrant activation of HH-GLI signalling has been linked to several types of cancer, including those of the skin, brain, lungs, prostate, gastrointestinal tract and blood....
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/erm.2015.3
更新日期:2015-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinoma of the stomach is one of the most prevalent cancer types in the world today. Only a limited number of biomarkers are available for detection and prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer. New advances in identifying molecular biomarkers are essential. Two major forms of gastric cancer are distinguished accordi...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399402004337
更新日期:2002-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::Angptl2 is a multifaceted protein, displaying both physiological and pathological functions, in which scientific and clinical interest is growing exponentially within the past few years. Its physiological functions are not well understood, but angptl2 was first acknowledged for its pro-angiogenic and antiapoptotic cap...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/erm.2014.19
更新日期:2014-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::The pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG1) encodes a multifunctional protein (PTTG) that is overexpressed in numerous tumours, including pituitary, thyroid, breast and ovarian carcinomas. PTTG induces cellular transformation in vitro and tumourigenesis in vivo, and several mechanisms by which PTTG contributes to tu...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399410001699
更新日期:2010-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Epithelial ovarian cancer comprises several subtypes of tumours that exhibit diverse histopathological features. The intriguing assumption by many epithelial ovarian cancers of specialised features of nonovarian tissue lineages has promoted considerable debate as to whether these tumours arise from the deceptively sim...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399407000324
更新日期:2007-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle fibres are very specialised cells with a complex structure that requires a high level of organisation of the constituent proteins. For muscle contraction to function properly, there is a need for not only sarcomeres, the contractile structures of the muscle fibre, but also costameres. These are supramolecular s...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/erm.2015.9
更新日期:2015-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Infants born with severe combined immune deficiencies are prone to life-threatening infections and, without treatment, do not survive beyond the first year of life. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a fully matched donor offers the possibility of cure. In the absence of a suitable matched donor, haploident...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399404007884
更新日期:2004-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) harbours genes whose primary function in regulating immune responsiveness to infection is to present foreign antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and T helper cells. In the case of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), defining the optimal HIV epitopes that a...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399403005957
更新日期:2003-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Appropriately functioning adipose tissue is essential for human health, a fact most clearly illustrated by individuals with lipodystrophy, who have impaired adipose development and often suffer severe metabolic disease as a result. Humans with obesity display a similar array of metabolic problems. This reflects failur...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399410001547
更新日期:2010-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::The use of mouse models in medical research has greatly contributed to our understanding of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanisms of disease progression in the context of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Maintenance of glucose homeostasis involves a complex interplay of many genes an...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399410001729
更新日期:2011-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are ubiquitous DNA viruses that infect cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. A subset of HPVs infects the female genital tract, to induce cervical lesions that can progress to malignancy in some women. DNA from HPVs can be found in >94% of cervical carcinomas (CaCx) worldwide; this strong asso...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1462399498000210
更新日期:1998-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Human tumours emerge as the result of multiple genetic and epigenetic aberrations that allow the proto-cancer cell to escape normal social control. Many signal transduction pathways become constitutively active during this process, and one whose importance is increasingly being appreciated involves phosphoinositide 3-...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399405009361
更新日期:2005-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::The human brain is a highly complex organ with remarkable energy demands. Although it represents only 2% of the total body weight, it accounts for 20% of all oxygen consumption, reflecting its high rate of metabolic activity. Mitochondria have a crucial role in the supply of energy to the brain. Consequently, their de...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399410001456
更新日期:2010-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein for thyroid hormones and vitamin A and might have an important role in the nervous system. However, TTR can undergo a conformational change and form amyloid fibrils, in both acquired and hereditary forms of systemic amyloidosis. More than 80 TTR mutations have been associated...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399402004647
更新日期:2002-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::It was suggested half a century ago that electrical impulses from the lateral hypothalamic area stimulate breathing. It is now emerging that these effects may be mediated, at least in part, by neurons containing orexin neuropeptides (also known as hypocretins). These cells promote wakefulness and consciousness, and th...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1462399408000823
更新日期:2008-10-02 00:00:00