Abstract:
:Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) involve the migration of abnormal numbers of self-directed leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier that normally separates the CNS from the immune system. The cardinal lesion associated with neuroinflammatory diseases is the perivascular infiltrate, which comprises leukocytes that have traversed the endothelium and have congregated in a subendothelial space between the endothelial-cell basement membrane and the glial limitans. The exit of mononuclear cells from this space can be beneficial, as when virus-specific lymphocytes enter the CNS for pathogen clearance, or might induce CNS damage, such as in the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis when myelin-specific lymphocytes invade and induce demyelinating lesions. The molecular mechanisms involved in the movement of lymphocytes through these compartments involve multiple signalling pathways between these cells and the microvasculature. In this review, we discuss adhesion, costimulatory, cytokine, chemokine and signalling molecules involved in the dialogue between lymphocytes and endothelial cells that leads to inflammatory infiltrates within the CNS, and the targeting of these molecules as therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
journal_name
Expert Rev Mol Medjournal_title
Expert reviews in molecular medicineauthors
McCandless EE,Klein RSdoi
10.1017/S1462399407000397subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-19 00:00:00pages
1-19issue
20issn
1462-3994pii
S1462399407000397journal_volume
9pub_type
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Methylation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) exon 1/intron 1 boundary positioned fragile X related epigenetic element 2 (FREE2), reveals skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in fragile X syndrome full mutation (FM: CGG > 200) females. XCI skewing has been also linked to abnormal X-linked gene expression ...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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abstract::Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is a form of muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in calpain 3 (CAPN3). Several studies have implicated Ca2+ dysregulation as an underlying event in several muscular dystrophies, including LGMD2A. In this study we used mouse and human myotube cultures, and muscle biops...
journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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journal_title:Expert reviews in molecular medicine
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