Abstract：
:Activation of self-reactive T cells that specifically destroy the pancreatic beta-cells is one of the hallmarks in the development of type 1 diabetes. Thus, for prevention and treatment of this autoimmune disease, approaches to induce and maintain T cell tolerance toward the beta-cells, especially in islet transplantation, have been actively pursued. Noticeably, many of the recent protocols for inducing transplant tolerance involve blockade of positive T cell costimulation extrinsically. Though highly effective in prolonging graft survival, these strategies alone might not be universally sufficient to achieve true tolerance. As the mystery of the suppressive and regulatory T cells unfolds, it is becoming appreciated that exploiting the intrinsic molecular and cellular mechanisms that turn off an immune response would perhaps facilitate the current protocols in establishing T cell tolerance. In this perspective, here we summarize the recent findings on the negative costimulation pathways, in particular, the newly identified PD-1 : PD-L interactions. On the basis of these observations, we propose a new principle of curtailing pathogenic T cell response in which blockade of positive T cell costimulation is reinforced by concurrent engagement of the negative costimulation machinery. Such a strategy may hold greater hope for therapeutic intervention of transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases.
journal_name
Diabetes Metab Res Revjournal_title
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviewsauthors
Gao W,Demirci G,Li XCdoi
10.1002/dmrr.345keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-05-01 00:00:00pages
179-85issue
3eissn
1520-7552issn
1520-7560journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in China is increasing rapidly. Appropriate management of glycemia, blood pressure and dyslipidemia in this population is a major public health concern. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess metabolic control including glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ), blood pressur...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2757
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Periodontal disease is a frequent complication of diabetes in adults, and both conditions are associated with systemic inflammatory states. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to establish the relative severity of periodontal disease risk markers in children and adolescents with type 1 dia...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3368
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the abnormal protein and lipid composition of diabetic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) could impair its anti-inflammatory functions. Whether nonenzymatic glycation directly impaired the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL in innate immunity remained unclear. METHODS:Huma...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1297
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The importance of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in immune regulation is unquestioned, yet a precise understanding of which cells express it, and how it mediates immune inhibitory function, is lacking. Regulatory T cells are known to constitutively express CTLA-4 intracellularly, whereas conventio...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1277
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess if plasma markers associated with NAFLD are increased in people with concomitant diabetes compared with those withou...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2269
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end stage renal failure or even death among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic predisposition is widely studied among these patients to identify manageable aspects of the disease pathogenesis. This study was carried out to test ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3299
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a decreased level of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and adiponectin. Experimental studies suggest a potential link between hypoadiponectinaemia and the depletion of the EPC level. This study investigated the relationships between adiponectin l...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1159
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represent heterogeneous groups with differences in beta-cell function and genetic background. The aim of the present study was to compare serum protein profiles of NGT and T2DM individuals and determine the influence of the g...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.789
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clinical and experimental studies have shown that a reduction in myocardial glucose utilization is a factor contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study determined whether exercise training could prevent the depression in glucose utilization observed in the diabetic rat heart. METHODS:Diabetes was in...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.479
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We evaluated whether global levels of DNA methylation status were associated with retinopathy as well as providing a predictive role of DNA methylation in developing retinopathy in a case-control study of 168 patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:The 5-methylcytosine content was assessed by reversed-phase ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2584
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Data on the association between body iron and glucose homeostasis by the three glycaemic states are scarce. Thus, we investigated the association between body iron as assessed by a serum ferritin concentration and glucose homeostasis using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) a...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2628
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During late gestation, although maternal adipose tissue lipolytic activity becomes enhanced, lipolytic products cross the placenta with difficulty. Under fasting conditions, free fatty acids (FFA) are used for ketogenesis by the mother, and ketone bodies are used as fuels and lipogenic substrates by the fetus. Materna...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/1520-7560(200005/06)16:3<202::aid-dmrr116>
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Compare glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) diagnostic tests for prediabetes and diabetes with plasma glucose criteria and compare the metabolic profiles of people classified by HbA1c versus by glucose levels. METHODS:Participants were recruited for the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. The participan...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2874
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The genetic basis of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D) has now been largely determined, so now we can compare these findings with emerging genetic knowledge of disorders and phenotypes that have been negatively or positively associated with T1D historically. Here, we assessed the role in T1D of va...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1259
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Increased plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) have been suggested to be a part of the insulin resistance syndrome, and recent data suggest that adipose tissue participates in the production of PAI-1. We examined the expression and insulin regulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue PAI-1 ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/1520-7560(2000)9999:9999<::aid-dmrr148>3.0
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Smooth muscle cells proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition are key features of diabetic macroangiopathy. In the present study, we have studied the role of endothelin(A) (ET(A)) receptor, the predominant receptor on smooth muscle cells, in diabetes-induced vascular hypertrophy and rem...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.527
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel marker of visceral adipose tissue accumulation and dysfunction. The study aim was to explore the association of VAI with the 10-year type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence in apparently healthy individuals and compare its T2DM predictive ability against common ant...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3161
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to assess the clinical implications of calculating an individualized HbA1c target using a recently published algorithm in a real-life clinical setting. METHODS:General practitioners (GPs) from the Spanish Society of Family Medicine Diabetes Expert Group were invited to participate ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2976
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A nested case-control (NCC) design within a prospective cohort study can realize substantial benefits for biomarker studies. In this context, it is natural to consider the sample availability in the selection of controls to minimize data loss when implementing the design. However, this violates the randomnes...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3204
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:ZAC (Zinc finger protein that regulates apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest) is a candidate gene for transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). This condition involves severe insulin deficiency at birth that reverses over weeks or months but may relapse with diabetes recurring in later life. ZAC overexpression...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2325
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of endovascular therapy (EVT) for lower extremity atherosclerosis is markedly increasing while open surgical bypass is in decline. The results of EVT for critical limb ischaemia (CLI) are difficult to evaluate, especially for patients with diabetes. To date, only one randomized, prospective trial has been publ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.829
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Education is essential in insulin pump therapy, but literature in the field is limited. We systematically reviewed insulin pump education programmes and their effects in two situations as follows: (1) basic education at the start of insulin pump therapy, providing the study design enabled us to separate the effects of...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3412
更新日期：2020-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:As basal insulin analogues are being used off-label, there is a need to evaluate their safety (maternal hypoglycaemia and fetal and perinatal outcomes) and efficacy [haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, and maternal weight gain]. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current literature con...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1213
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study assesses the autonomic function of patients who have regained awareness of hypoglycaemia following islet cell or whole pancreas transplant. METHODS:Five patients with type 1 diabetes and either islet cell (four patients) or whole pancreas (one patient) transplant were assessed. These patients wer...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2652
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are a specific marker for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. ICA are found in the serum of over 80% of newly diagnosed patients and the levels of ICA are directly of prognostic value. Standardisation of ICA and the uniform reporting of ICA levels in international units is critica...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199901/02)15:1<72::aid-dmr
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress prior to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, a number of mechanisms have been proposed to link these syndromes together, but it remains unclear what the unifying condition that triggered these events in the prog...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2601
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hybrid closed-loop (HCL) therapy is rarely studied in pregnancy. We present three cases of women with type 1 diabetes who used the Medtronic 670G HCL system for most or all of gestation. METHODS:The Medtronic 670G system has a manual mode (no automated insulin delivery) and an auto mode (AM, HCL therapy). W...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3248
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies on skeletal involvement in patients with diabetes mellitus have generated conflicting results, largely because of the pathogenetic complexity of the condition. Several mechanisms may contribute to skeletal damage, including the increased urinary excretion coupled with the lower intestinal absorption of calcium...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.449
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association of circulating tumor necrosis factor-1 (TNFR-1) and TNFR-2 with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression, which is the first-ever quantitative analysis of these associations thus far. Whether TNFRs were better than albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3195
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with impaired 50-g oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) have not been investigated for fetal anterior abdominal wall thickness until now. We aimed to investigate patients with impaired 50-g OGCT, but not gestational diabetes and match them with healthy uneventful pregnant participants for anterior abd...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2511
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
