Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is the most widely distributed ixodid tick and is a vector of major canine and human pathogens. High-throughput technologies have revealed that individual ticks carry a high diversity of pathogens, including bacteria, protozoa and viruses. Currently, it is accepted that co-infections (multiple pathogen species within an individual) are very common in ticks and influence pathogen acquisition and transmission as well as host infection risk. However, little is known on the impact of the genetic diversity of pathogens on the incidence of co-infections. Herein, we studied the frequency of co-infections in R. sanguineus (s.l.) and their association with the genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis. METHODS:Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) female ticks (n = 235) were collected from healthy farm dogs in three districts of Pakistan. Microfluidic real-time PCR, a powerful nanotechnology for high-throughput molecular detection of pathogens, was used to test the presence of 25 bacterial and seven parasitic species in individual ticks. The genetic diversity of E. canis was evaluated by characterizing the trp36 gene. RESULTS:A total of 204 ticks were infected with at least one pathogen and 109 co-infected with two (80%) or three (20%) pathogens. Rickettsia massiliae (human pathogen) and E. canis (zoonotic dog pathogen) were the most common pathogens co-infecting (30.4%) ticks. Furthermore, all identified co-infections included R. massiliae and/or E. canis. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) revealed that single infections did not show clear regional association whereas some co-infections were restricted to certain geographical regions. The sequence analysis of trp36 in representative samples allowed the identification of three E. canis strains with low genetic diversity, and the strain found in Muzaffargarh district appeared to be more adapted to co-infection with R. massiliae. CONCLUSIONS:Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) harbors multiple co-infections with human and dog pathogens of zoonotic potential. Findings of this study suggest that genetic diversity of E. canis may favor co-infections with different pathogens.
journal_name
Parasit Vectorsjournal_title
Parasites & vectorsauthors
Cabezas-Cruz A,Allain E,Ahmad AS,Saeed MA,Rashid I,Ashraf K,Yousfi L,Shehzad W,Indjein L,Rodriguez-Valle M,Estrada-Peña A,Obregón D,Jabbar A,Moutailler Sdoi
10.1186/s13071-018-3194-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-07 00:00:00pages
12issue
1issn
1756-3305pii
10.1186/s13071-018-3194-9journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Infections by protozoans of the genus Giardia are a common cause of diarrhea in dogs. Canine giardiosis constitutes a disease with a zoonotic potential; however, it is often underestimated due to its challenging diagnosis. The objective of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance of an immunochroma...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04422-6
更新日期:2020-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:During a Plasmodium infection, exposure of human host immune cells to both the asexual and the sexual stages of the parasite elicit immune responses. These responses may be protective and prevent the development of high parasitaemia and its associated clinical symptoms, or block the transmission of malaria t...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2607-5
更新日期:2018-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Arboviruses infecting people primarily exist in urban transmission cycles involving urban mosquitoes in densely populated tropical regions. For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquit...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3732-0
更新日期:2019-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:: The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) is the most widespread tick in the world and a well-recognized vector of many pathogens affecting dogs and occasionally humans. This tick can be found on dogs living in both urban and rural areas, being highly adapted to live within human dwellings and being active throug...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-26
更新日期:2010-04-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study evaluated the exposure of dogs to three different Ehrlichia spp. in the south and central regions of the United States where vector-borne disease prevalence has been previously difficult to ascertain, particularly beyond the metropolitan areas. METHODS:Dog blood samples (n = 8,662) were submitted...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-29
更新日期:2012-02-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anopheles culicifacies s.l. is one of the primary vectors of malaria in India responsible for the highest number of malaria cases. This vector is resistant to DDT in most parts of the country with indication of emerging resistance to pyrethroids. Since knockdown resistance (kdr) is known to confer cross-resi...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0946-7
更新日期:2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mosquito fitness is determined largely by body size and nutritional reserves. Plasmodium infections in the mosquito and resultant transmission of malaria parasites might be compromised by the vector's nutritional status. We studied the effects of nutritional stress and malaria parasite infections on transmis...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-345
更新日期:2013-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article. ...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04349-y
更新日期:2020-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Trypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan that is non-pathogenic for humans and other mammals but causes pathology in the genus Rhodnius. T. rangeli and R. prolixus is an excellent model for studying the parasite-vector interaction, but its cycle in invertebrates remains unclear. The vector becomes infected on ingesting bloo...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-105
更新日期:2012-05-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a parasite that infects humans and a wide range of other animals. The large migratory waterfowl, the whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), travels through many cities during its migration and can spread parasites. Despite receiving increasing attention worldwide, there have been no reports...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-020-3884-y
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Co-infections of multiple parasite species in hosts may lead to interspecific associations and subsequently shape the structure of a parasite community. However, few studies have focused on these associations in highly abundant parasite species or, in particular, investigated how the associations develop wit...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-85
更新日期:2011-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum are among the main species that are responsible for cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) and visceral leishmaniosis (VL), respectively. The leishmanioses represent the second-largest parasitic killer in the world after malaria. Recently, we succeeded in generating a plasmid D...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1246-y
更新日期:2015-12-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hard ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites characterized by their long-term feeding. The saliva that they secrete during their blood meal is their crucial weapon against host-defense systems including hemostasis, inflammation and immunity. The anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activiti...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2874-9
更新日期:2018-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Even though male-biased parasitism is common in mammals, little effort has been made to evaluate whether higher parasitic burden in males results in an extra biological cost, and thus a decrease in fitness. Body condition impairment and the augmentation of oxidative stress can be used as indicators of the co...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2060-5
更新日期:2017-04-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cathepsin cysteine proteases play multiple roles in the life cycle of parasites such as food uptake, immune invasion and pathogenesis, making them valuable targets for diagnostic assays, vaccines and drugs. The purpose of this study was to identify a cathepsin B of Clonorchis sinensis (CsCB) and to investiga...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-149
更新日期:2011-07-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dengue is a serious public health problem worldwide, including in Selangor, Malaysia. Being an important vector of dengue virus, Aedes aegypti are subjected to control measures which rely heavily on the usage of insecticides. Evidently, insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti, which arise from several differen...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3472-1
更新日期:2019-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intestinal schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni was mapped in Cameroon in the 1990s and preventive chemotherapy launched since 2005. A situation analysis conducted in 2011 revealed an increase in schistosomiasis transmission, especially in the equatorial part of the country, despite the fact that Biomp...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2763-2
更新日期:2018-03-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Host specificity is one of the outputs of the coevolution between parasites and their associated hosts. Several scenarios have been proposed to explain the pattern of parasite distribution in parental and hybrid genotypes ranging from hybrid resistance to hybrid susceptibility. We hypothesized that host-para...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04271-3
更新日期:2020-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The basic function of the immune system is to protect an organism against infection in order to minimize the fitness costs of being infected. According to life-history theory, energy resources are in a trade-off between the costly demands of immunity and other physiological demands. Concerning fish, both phy...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-120
更新日期:2011-06-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bartonella alsatica has been formerly isolated from the blood of wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and identified as causative agent of human endocarditis and lymphadenitis. Fleas are known biological vectors for Bartonella sp. This report details the specific detection of B. alsatica in three fle...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0664-1
更新日期:2015-01-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Schistosomiasis japonica is an infectious disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum that seriously endangers human health. Domestic animals have important roles in disease transmission and goats are considered a primary reservoir host and source of infection. The prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis inf...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04420-8
更新日期:2020-10-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of phytochemicals is a promising solution in biological control against salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Glucosinolates belong to a diverse group of compounds used as protection against herbivores by plants in the family Brassicaceae, while in vertebrates, ingested glucosinolates exert health-...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1537-y
更新日期:2016-05-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The trypanosome diversity of the Brush-tailed Bettong (Bettongia penicillata), known locally as the woylie, has been further investigated. At a species level, woylies are critically endangered and have declined by 90% since 1999. The predation of individuals made more vulnerable by disease is thought to be t...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-121
更新日期:2013-04-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Taenia ovis is a tapeworm that is mainly transmitted between dogs and sheep. Although T. ovis infection is not a public health issue, it causes a great financial loss due to condemnation of carcasses. The first outbreak of T. ovis infection in China occurred in 2015. Reassessment of adverse effects of T. ov...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1700-5
更新日期:2016-07-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Agrochemicals have been widely used in Pakistan for several years. This exposes mosquito populations, particularly those present around agricultural settings, to an intense selection pressure for insecticide resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of representative agrochemic...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-146
更新日期:2011-07-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a debilitating disease associated with extensive disfigurement and is one of a diverse group of diseases referred to as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) which mainly occur among the poorest populations. In line with global recommendations to eliminate LF, Kenya launched its LF ...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2044-5
更新日期:2017-02-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis, being a cause of congenital disease and abortion in animals and humans. DNA vaccination as a promising vaccine remains a challenge for an improved delivery system. METHODS:In this study, attenuated Salmonella typhimurium BRD509 was used to deliver a DNA vaccine encodi...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-145
更新日期:2014-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu stricto) is reputed to be the most widespread tick of domestic dogs worldwide and has also been implicated in the transmission of many pathogens to dogs and humans. For more than two centuries, Rh. sanguineus (s.s.) was regarded as a single taxon, even consi...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2941-2
更新日期:2018-07-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Both falciparum and vivax malaria were historically prevalent in China with high incidence. With the control efforts, the annual incidence in the whole country has reduced to 0.0001% except in some areas in the southern borders after 2000. Despite this, the re-emergence or outbreak of malaria was unavoidable...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-136
更新日期:2012-07-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Blood-feeding is a common strategy among parasitizing arthropods, including the ectoparasitic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), feeding off its salmon host's skin and blood. Blood is rich in nutrients, among these iron and heme. These are essential molecules for the louse, yet their oxidative propertie...
journal_title:Parasites & vectors
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04096-0
更新日期:2020-05-06 00:00:00