The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation.

Abstract:

:Background: Following a child's experience of trauma, parental response is thought to play an important role in either facilitating or hindering their psychological adjustment. However, the ability to investigate the role of parenting responses in the post-trauma period has been hampered by a lack of valid and reliable measures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to design, and provide a preliminary validation of, the Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ), a self-report measure of parental appraisals and support for children's coping, in the aftermath of child trauma. Methods: We administered an initial set of 78 items to 365 parents whose children, aged 2-19 years, had experienced a traumatic event. We conducted principal axis factoring and then assessed the validity of the reduced measure against a standardized general measure of parental overprotection and via the measure's association with child post-trauma mental health. Results: Factor analysis generated three factors assessing parental maladaptive appraisals: (i) permanent change/damage, (ii) preoccupation with child's vulnerability, and (iii) self-blame. In addition, five factors were identified that assess parental support for child coping: (i) behavioural avoidance, (ii) cognitive avoidance, (iii) overprotection, (iv) maintaining pre-trauma routines, and (v) approach coping. Good validity was evidenced against the measure of parental overprotection and child post-traumatic stress symptoms. Good test-retest reliability of the measure was also demonstrated. Conclusions: The PTRQ is a valid and reliable self-report assessment of parenting cognitions and coping in the aftermath of child trauma. :Antecedentes: Luego de una experiencia de trauma infantil, se piensa que la respuesta de los padres juega un papel importante, ya sea facilitando o dificultando su ajuste psicológico. Sin embargo, la capacidad de investigar el papel de las respuestas de los padres en el período posterior al trauma se ha visto obstaculizada por la falta de medidas válidas y confiables. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y proporcionar una validación preliminar del cuestionario de respuesta parental al trauma (PTRQ), una medida auto-aplicada de las apreciaciones de los padres y el apoyo para el afrontamiento de los niños, después del trauma infantil. Métodos: Administramos un conjunto inicial de 78 ítems a 365 padres cuyos hijos, de entre 2 y 19 años, habían experimentado un evento traumático. Realizamos el eje principal y luego evaluamos la validez de la medida reducida frente a una medida general estandarizada de sobreprotección parental y mediante la asociación de la medida con la salud mental postraumática del niño. Resultados: El análisis factorial generó tres factores que evalúan las evaluaciones desadaptativas de los padres: (i) cambio/daño permanente, (ii) preocupación por la vulnerabilidad del niño, y (iii) auto-culpa. Además, se identificaron cinco factores que evalúan el apoyo de los padres para el afrontamiento infantil: (i) evitación del comportamiento, (ii) evitación cognitiva, (iii) sobreprotección, (iv) mantenimiento de las rutinas previas al trauma y (v) enfoque de afrontamiento. Se evidenció una buena validez frente a la medida de la sobreprotección parental y los síntomas de estrés postraumático infantil. También se demostró una buena fiabilidad test-retest de la medida. Conclusiones: El PTRQ es una evaluación autoaplicada válida y confiable de las cogniciones de los padres y del afrontamiento posterior al trauma del niño. :背景:在儿童遭受创伤之后,父母的反应在促进或阻碍儿童的心理调整方面发挥着重要作用。 然而,由于缺乏有效和可靠的测量方法,要考察创伤后期父母反应的作用不免受到阻碍。目标:本研究的目的是设计并初步验证《父母创伤反应问卷(PTRQ)》,这是一项用于在儿童创伤后,父母自我报告对儿童应对状况的评估和支持的测量工具。方法:我们对365名被试施测了一套有78题目的初始问卷,被试都是经历过创伤性事件的2-19岁的儿童的父母。 我们进行了主轴因子分析,然后通过与父母过度保护的标准化问卷对比评估减少题目后的问卷效度,以及与儿童创伤后心理健康的关联。结果:因子分析产生了三个队父母适应不良评估的测量因素:(i)永久变化/损害,(ii)集中于儿童的脆弱性,以及(iii)自责。 另外,识别五个因素来评估父母对儿童应对的支持:(i)行为逃避,(ii)认知回避,(iii)过度保护,(iv)保持创伤前日常,以及(v)趋近应对。 父母过度保护和儿童创伤后应激症状的测量验证了问卷具有良好的效度。 该问卷还显示出了的良好重测信度。结论:PTRQ是在儿童创伤后的父母认知和应对的有效可靠的自评测量工具。.

journal_name

Eur J Psychotraumatol

authors

Williamson V,Hiller RM,Meiser-Stedman R,Creswell C,Dalgleish T,Fearon P,Goodall B,McKinnon A,Smith P,Wright I,Halligan SL

doi

10.1080/20008198.2018.1478583

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-06-20 00:00:00

pages

1478583

issue

1

issn

2000-8066

pii

1478583

journal_volume

9

pub_type

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