Abstract:
:1. Ventilatory measurements and functional residual capacity (FRC) were recorded from anaesthetized rats and ferrets using a whole body plethysmograph. Simulation of aspects of human chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD) was attempted by making animals acutely hypoxic or hypoxic and hypercapnic by causing them to breath appropriate gas mixtures or by increasing the tracheal resistance or dead-space. Some chronically hypoxic rats, which have muscularized pulmonary arterioles similar to COAD patients, were also studied. 2. In 18 chronically hypoxic (CH) rats and 17 littermate control rats (C), breathing air, doses of almitrine bismesylate caused greater increases in ventilation (VE) in C than in CH rats. FRC, which was initially greater in CH rats, increased significantly in both groups after almitrine. 3. In C rats, breathing hypoxic or hypoxic/hypercapnic gas mixtures caused large increases in VE. Slow infusions of almitrine caused a further increase in VE usually via an increase in tidal volume (VT) but not frequency (f). 4. In two series of rats (n = 9; n = 6) severe and moderate degrees of tracheal obstruction caused a fall in PaO2 and a rise in PaCO2, a fall in VE due to both VT and f and large changes in oesophageal pressure (Poes), which often became positive on expiration. Almitrine infusions usually caused a rise in PaO2, a rise in VT and no change in f; with moderate obstruction, Poes also rose. The results were thought to depend on the balance between improved ventilation and increased O2 demand of the respiratory muscles. 5. Eleven ferrets were made hypoxic and hypercapnic by adding a large dead-space to the trachea. A slow infusion of almitrine caused a significant rise in PaO2 before any significant change in VE was detected; PaCO2 fell at some time during the infusion, but not significantly. The initial significant rise in PaO2, at 2.5 min, was not associated with significant changes in T1 (time of inspiration) and VT/TI. At 5 min VT/TI and PaO2 were all significantly altered. 6. Infusions of almitrine into hypoxic and hypercapnic animals caused improvements in the arterial oxygen tension which were associated with subtle changes in the breathing pattern; inspiratory time and inspiratory flow rate changed in the absence of an increase in total VE. Possible conclusions with respect to the action of almitrine in patients with COAD are discussed.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Austin CA,Wach RA,Bee D,Finlay M,Emery CJ,Suggett AJ,Barer GRdoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb02420.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-11-01 00:00:00pages
837-50issue
11-12eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. We investigated the effect of exercise on plasma adrenomedullin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations and studied the relationship between these peptides and haemodynamic parameters in nine patients with old myocardial infarction (MI) and in eight normal subjects. 2. T...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01194.x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Pretreatment with intravenous WEB-2086 (0.5 mg/kg; an antagonist of the actions of platelet activating factor; PAF) with or without indomethacin (2 mg/kg) failed to prevent or modify the fall in blood pressure following unclipping of the renal artery of anaesthetized two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. 2. The s...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02535.x
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system prevents left ventricular (LV) remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). 2. The present study was designed to assess the effects of a combination of perindopril and losartan on LV remodelling, cardiac function and serum procollagen type III amino terminal pept...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05143.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effect of the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine on the myocardial content of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated double bonds (CDB), fluorescent end-products (RF) and mitochondrial adenine nucleotides) was investigated in conscious pigs (n = 14) subjected to 24 h of immobilization s...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01258.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Renin mRNA is present in the kidney and, in lower concentrations, in many extrarenal tissues and serves as an index of renin gene activity, as well as potential renin or prorenin synthesis in cell populations within those tissues. Unfortunately the quantity can be very low. 2. A new, highly sensitive technique is d...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01463.x
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the role of deferasirox therapeutic drug monitoring in order to avoid toxicity or treatment failure. Plasma concentrations, measured between two consecutive liver iron determinations, were determined at the end of dosing interval. Fifty-four β-thalassemic adult patients were enrolled: 50% were males; medi...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12879
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) lessens the development of hypertension in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the involved mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We have studied here the aortic vascular reactivity to both norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine in 10 week old male PTX SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb03015.x
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The distribution of binding sites for [125I]-labelled endothelin-1 ([125I]-ET-1) and [125I]-labelled sarafotoxin S6B ([125I]-SRT) was visualized in rat tissues using in vitro autoradiography. 2. A high density of endothelin-1 (ET-1) binding was found in the heart. In the kidney, ET-1 binding occurred in association...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01485.x
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We tested the hypothesis that the pattern and the intensity of autonomic mechanisms causing vasoconstriction in the resting bronchial circulation of awake dogs also exists in awake sheep. It was also postulated that sighing behaviour and the associated bronchovascular dilatation induced by non-adrenergic, non-choli...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02723.x
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term salt loading and salt restriction in a group of normal pregnant women produced no changes in lying, sitting or standing blood pressures or heart rates. Home blood pressures showed no trend to change over the periods of altered salt intake. Although plasma volume and plasma renin activity changed with altere...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1985.tb02654.x
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Oxidative stress (OS) is a biological entity indicated as being responsible for several pathologies, including diabetes. Diabetes can also be associated with human cirrhosis. Portal hypertension (PH), a major syndrome in cirrhosis, produces hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and hyperaemia. The present study was d...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.03963.x
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneous measurements of smooth muscle membrane potential and tension were made from isolated pieces of rat tail artery. A single electrical stimulus to the perivascular nerves produced a transient contraction of the smooth muscle. The amplitude of the contraction was increased after removal of the endothelium. Th...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00343.x
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::C1q/TNF-related protein 6 (CTRP6) is a member of the CTRP family that has been reported to exhibit a nephroprotective effect. However, the role of CTRP6 in renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI) remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the protective effect of CTRP6 in renal IRI and the poten...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13274
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were investigated during the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) in rabbits with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. 2. Controls (saline treated, n = 5) and doxorubicin-treated rabbits (1 mg/kg administered intravenously twice weekly, n = 5) were studied ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01325.x
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Patients were grouped into categories of 'no airways disease', 'obstructive airways disease without response to bronchodilator' and 'obstructive airways disease with bronchodilator responsiveness'. 2. Cyclic nucleotides were assayed in specimens of lung tissue that were excised during surgery. 3. Reduced levels of ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1979.tb00013.x
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of ouabain and acetazolamide on the secretion of pancreatic juice stimulated by secretin in anaesthetized dogs were investigated. 2. Intra-arterial injection of ouabain (1-10 micrograms) and acetazolamide (1-10 mg) caused dose-dependent decreases in the volume of pancreatic juice. When both drugs were a...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01538.x
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In the present study, we used a low dose of propofol (5 mg/kg per h) to investigate its effects on the pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-10) and changes in nitric oxide (NO) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for a period of 12 h in conscious rats. 2. Expe...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04155.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycerophospholipids (GPs) and sphingolipids (SPs) are important lipid components in the body and play biological functions. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are important nutrients, and their supplements are commonly used for preventing some diseases. However, the effect of n-3 PUFAs on the human glyce...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13285
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. RNA interference in vivo has tremendous potential, both with respect to the elucidation of protein function in animals and as a therapeutic platform in humans. In vitro, short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been shown to completely silence gene expression in mammalian cells at low picomolar concentrations. 2. Although...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04992.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Renin gene expression was investigated in kidneys from 13 foetal and four adult sheep. 2. The levels of renal renin mRNA in foetuses were greater than those in adult sheep (P < 0.001). 3. There was no significant difference in renin mRNA levels between foetuses aged 91 and 134 days (term 150 days). 4. The levels of...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb01758.x
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a synthetic agonist specific for tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), has been reported to promote intestinal dynamics, its effect on gastric dynamics has not been studied as yet. In this study, we explored how 7,8-DHF affected the carbachol (CCh)-induced contraction of rat gastr...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12999
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The concentration of methylguanidine and guanidinosuccinic acid has been measured in normal human plasma and discrepancies between various published methods for measuring methylguanidine have been resolved. Previous methods have been modified to allow these guanidines, together with guanidinoacetic acid and creatin...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1978.tb00654.x
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the control of glomerular haemodynamics and is synthesized from the amino acid L-arginine by a family of enzymes, NO synthase (NOS). 2. Nitric oxide synthase is present in the endothelium and also in the macula densa, a plaque of specialized tubular epithelial cells. End...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02094.x
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The administration of aldosterone to adrenalectomized rats produces an increase in K+ and decrease in Na+ excretion in the urine. The relationship of the post-aldosterone to the pre-aldosterone urinary sodium and potassium excretion is termed the renal response to aldosterone. 2. The administration of L-dopa enhanc...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1979.tb00011.x
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of peripheral chemoreceptor activation on myocardial contractility in an anaesthetic-free decerebrated rat preparation. 2. In the decerebrated and retrogradely perfused working heart-brainstem preparation, we recorded phrenic nerve activity, left ventricular ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04699.x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The beta-receptor stimulant effects of Sm220Cl, dl-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylpropyl)-2-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine, and (-)-isoprenaline have been compared in isolated atrial (beta1) and tracheal (beta2) preparations from guinea-pigs and cats. 2. The compounds were also tested for their ability t...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02672.x
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Subacute administration of dyflos to guinea-pigs (1.2 mg/kg, s.c., daily for 10 days) led to the development of subsensitivity to carbachol in the ileum but not in the electrically stimulated left atrium. 2. Atria from dyflos-pretreated animals became supersensitive to acetylcholine but the ileum became subsensitiv...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02683.x
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We have reported previously that instant coffee contains ligands for opiate receptors with characteristics similar to those of opiate antagonists. 2. A concentrate of receptor-active ligands from instant coffee was prepared by serial treatments involving Amberlite XAD-2, flash chromatography and gel permeation chro...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb01869.x
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Elevated plasma lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) concentrations have been correlated with an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. The plasma Lp(a) concentration is quantitatively heritable and the apolipoprotein (Apo) A gene is known as a major locus-determining Lp(a) concentration. 2. The aim of the present ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03033.x
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. DOCA and 9 alpha-fludrocortisone were given to mice on a high-sodium diet for periods of up to 20 weeks, resulting in decreases in plasma renin concentration, renal renin concentration and renal renin mRNA with both treatments. 2. Plasma renin concentration was suppressed prior to suppression of renin mRNA and rena...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01614.x
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00