Abstract：
:Diagnostic electron microscopy for infectious diseases has the advantage that "everything" in the specimen can be observed, without a priori knowledge of the likely identity of the microorganisms present in the sample. The classical specimen preparation method used employs a droplet of sample, which allows particles to adsorb to a support film, and is subsequently negative stained. This "grid on drop" procedure has a sensitivity range of approximately 106 viruses per mL if no enrichment procedures are used. In the current investigation we present a novel use of filtration that allows us to detect viruses at concentrations as low as 102 viruses per mL. We present here methods based on filtration, in which total virus, and not virus concentration, is the limiting factor for detection. We show that filtration is more sensitive than conventional negative staining and can detect as few as 5 × 103 particles per sample.
journal_name
Virusesjournal_title
Virusesauthors
Beniac DR,Siemens CG,Wright CJ,Booth TFdoi
10.3390/v6093458subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-19 00:00:00pages
3458-71issue
9issn
1999-4915pii
v6093458journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Viruses-Basel文献大全abstract：:Retroviruses are well known pathogens of mammals, birds and fish. Their potential to induce cancer in chickens was already described almost 100 years ago and murine retroviruses have been a subject of study for 50 years. The first human retroviruses, HTLV and HIV, were discovered more than 30 years ago, surprising res...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v3081312
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphoma is one of the most common malignancies in domestic cats. The lymphomagenic potential of Felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (FcaGHV1), a common infection in domestic cats, is unknown. In other species, including humans, cellular transformation by gammaherpesviruses is typically mediated by viral genes expressed du...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v10090464
更新日期：2018-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Preclinical infection model systems are extremely valuable tools to aid in our understanding of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) biology, disease progression, prevention, and treatments. In this context, rodent papillomaviruses and their respective infection models are useful tools but remain underutilized resources in the ...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v9120362
更新日期：2017-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the induction of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCII) and the possible establishment of related lymphoproliferative disorders, such as B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), is well ascertained. However, the molecular pathways involved and the factors predisposing to th...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v4112924
更新日期：2012-11-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Several notable human diseases are caused by enveloped RNA viruses: influenza, AIDS, hepatitis C, dengue hemorrhagic fever, microcephaly, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Being enveloped, the life cycle of this group of viruses is critically dependent on host lipid biosynthesis. Viral binding and entry involve interaction...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v11100912
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly lethal pathogen that has caused several outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans since its emergence in 1976. The EBOV glycoprotein (GP1,2) is the sole viral envelope protein and a major component of immunogenicity; it is encoded by the GP gene along with two truncated versions: s...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v11110999
更新日期：2019-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental and agricultural pollination services by honey bees, Apis mellifera, and honey production are compromised by high levels of annual colony losses globally. The majority are associated with disease caused by deformed wing virus (DWV), a positive-strand RNA virus, exacerbated by the ectoparasitic mite Varro...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v12050532
更新日期：2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied whether cytosine phosphate-guanine (CpG) recoding in a viral genome may provide oncolytic candidates with reduced infection kinetics in nonmalignant brain cells, but with high virulence in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). As a model, we used well-characterized CpG-recoded Zika virus vaccine candidates that p...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v12050579
更新日期：2020-05-25 00:00:00
abstract：:With ongoing colony losses driven in part by the Varroa mite and the associated exacerbation of the virus load, there is an urgent need to protect honey bees (Apis mellifera) from fatal levels of virus infection and from the non-target effects of insecticides used in agricultural settings. A continuously replicating c...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v12020236
更新日期：2020-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a contagious viral (PRRSV) disease in pigs characterized by poor reproductive health, increased mortality, and reductions in growth rates. PRRSV is known to implement immuno-antagonistic mechanisms to evade detection and mute host responses to infection. To bette...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v12111299
更新日期：2020-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of a cell to combat an intracellular pathogen requires a mechanism to recognize the threat and elicit a transcriptional response against it. In the context of virus infection, the cell must take measures to inhibit viral replication, meanwhile, convey warning signals to neighboring cells of the imminent th...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v2010055
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV-1 causes a chronic infection in humans that is characterized by high plasma viremia, progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, and severe immunodeficiency resulting in opportunistic disease and AIDS. Viral persistence is mediated in part by the ability of the Nef protein to down-regulate HLA molecules on the infecte...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v4091711
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an economically important pest of tea in Japan. Previous work showed that a fast-killing nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) isolated from A. orana (AdorNPV) and a slow-killing NPV isolated from A. honmai (AdhoNPV) are both infectious to A. honmai larvae...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v7031271
更新日期：2015-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza A virus (IAV) in swine, so-called swine influenza A virus (swIAV), causes respiratory illness in pigs around the globe. In Danish pig herds, a H1N2 subtype named H1N2dk is one of the main circulating swIAV. In this cohort study, the infection dynamic of swIAV was evaluated in a Danish pig herd by sampling an...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v12091013
更新日期：2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor-targeted immunomodulation using oncolytic viral vectors is currently being investigated as a promising strategy in cancer therapy. In a previous study, we showed that a measles virus Schwarz vaccine strain (MeVac) vector encoding an interleukin-12 fusion protein (FmIL-12) is an effective immunotherapy in the MC3...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v11100914
更新日期：2019-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The success of oral infection by viruses depends on their capacity to overcome the gut epithelial barrier of their host to crossing over apical, mucous extracellular matrices. As orally transmitted viruses, densoviruses, are also challenged by the complexity of the insect gut barriers, more specifically by the chitino...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v11090870
更新日期：2019-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of elevated pCO₂ on Emiliania huxleyi genetic diversity and the viruses that infect E. huxleyi (EhVs) have been investigated in large volume enclosures in a Norwegian fjord. Triplicate enclosures were bubbled with air enriched with CO₂ to 760 ppmv whilst the other three enclosures were bubbled with air at ambi...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v9030041
更新日期：2017-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLVs) are widespread in many countries and cause economically relevant, slow, and persistent diseases in sheep and goats. Monitoring the genetic diversity of SRLVs is useful to improve the diagnostic tools used in the eradication programs. In this study, SRLVs detected in Spanish Assaf sh...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v10060315
更新日期：2018-06-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The APOBEC3 family of proteins in mammals consists of cellular cytosine deaminases and well-known restriction factors against retroviruses, including lentiviruses. APOBEC3 genes are highly amplified and diversified in mammals, suggesting that their evolution and diversification have been driven by conflicts with ancie...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v13010124
更新日期：2021-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive surveillance in bat populations in response to recent emerging diseases has revealed that this group of mammals acts as a reservoir for a large range of viruses. However, the oldest known association between a zoonotic virus and a bat is that between rabies virus and the vampire bat. Vampire bats are only fo...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v6051911
更新日期：2014-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Enteroviruses are a group of over 250 naked icosahedral virus serotypes that have been associated with clinical conditions that range from intrauterine enterovirus transmission withfataloutcome through encephalitis and meningitis, to paralysis. Classically, enterovirus detection was done by assaying for the developmen...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v8010018
更新日期：2016-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. The 3' untranslated region (UTR) of this β-CoV contains essential cis-acting RNA elements for the viral genome transcription and replication. These elements include an equilibrium between an extended bulged s...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v12121473
更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past ten years, several new hepatitis E viruses (HEVs) have been identified in various animal species. In parallel, the number of reports of autochthonous hepatitis E in Western countries has increased as well, raising the question of what role these possible animal reservoirs play in human infections. The a...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v8100270
更新日期：2016-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The nervous system is the target for acute encephalitic viral infections, as well as a reservoir for persisting viruses. Intrathecal antibody (Ab) synthesis is well documented in humans afflicted by infections associated with neurological complications, as well as the demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. This re...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v5020732
更新日期：2013-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Virus-induced inflammation plays a critical role in determining the clinical outcome of an acute respiratory virus infection. We have shown previously that the administration of immunobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) directly to the respiratory tract prevents lethal inflammatory responses to subsequent infection wi...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v13010002
更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H7N9 viruses have recently evolved to gain a polybasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, resulting in variants with increased lethality in poultry that meet the criteria for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. Both LPAI and HPAI variants can cause seve...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v12010065
更新日期：2020-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the concept of high-level containment care (HLCC or 'biocontainment'), dates back to 1969, the 2014-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) brought with it a renewed emphasis on the use of specialized HLCC units in the care of patients with EVD. Employment of these units in the United States and Western Eu...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/v11090773
更新日期：2019-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes, which are the main cell type composing a human liver. However, the liver is enriched with immune cells, particularly innate cells (e.g., myeloid cells, natural killer and natural killer T-cells (NK/NKT), dendritic cells (DCs)), in resting condition. Hence, the study of ...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v9050095
更新日期：2017-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The Filoviridae family of viruses, which includes the genera Ebolavirus (EBOV) and Marburgvirus (MARV), causes severe and often times lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Filoviral infections are associated with ineffective innate antiviral responses as a result of virally encoded immune antagonists, which render the h...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v3091634
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is widespread in feline populations and causes an AIDS-like illness in domestic cats. It is highly prevalent in several endangered feline species. In domestic cats FIV infection is a valuable small animal model for HIV infection. In recent years there has been sa significant increas...
journal_title：Viruses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/v3112192
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
