Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The overall prevalence of infertility was estimated to be 3.5-16.7% in developing countries and 6.9-9.3% in developed countries. Furthermore, according to reports from some regions of sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence rate is 30-40%. The consequences of infertility and how it affects the lives of women in poor-resource settings, particularly in developing countries, has become an important issue to be discussed in reproductive health. In some societies, the inability to fulfill the desire to have children makes life difficult for the infertile couple. In many regions, infertility is considered a tragedy that affects not only the infertile couple or woman, but the entire family. METHODS:This is a position paper which encompasses a review of the needs of low-income infertile couples, mainly those living in developing countries, regarding access to infertility care, including ART and initiatives to provide ART at low or affordable cost. Information was gathered from the databases MEDLINE, CENTRAL, POPLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and ICTRP with the key words: infertility, low income, assisted reproductive technologies, affordable cost, low cost. RESULTS:There are few initiatives geared toward implementing ART procedures at low cost or at least at affordable cost in low-income populations. Nevertheless, from recent studies, possibilities have emerged for new low-cost initiatives that can help millions of couples to achieve the desire of having a biological child. CONCLUSIONS:It is necessary for healthcare professionals and policymakers to take into account these new initiatives in order to implement ART in resource-constrained settings.
journal_name
Reprod Biol Endocrinoljournal_title
Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&Eauthors
Bahamondes L,Makuch MYdoi
10.1186/1477-7827-12-87subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-08 00:00:00pages
87issn
1477-7827pii
1477-7827-12-87journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Embryo selection has been an integral feature of in vitro fertilization (IVF) almost since its inception. Since the advent of extended blastocyst stage embryo culture, and especially with increasing popularity of elective single embryo transfer (eSET), the concept of embryo selection has increasingly become ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-13-3
更新日期：2015-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The association of recombinant FSH plus recombinant LH in 2:1 ratio may be used not only to induce ovulation in anovulatory women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism but also to achieve multiple follicular developments in human IVF. The aim of this analysis was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of Controlled...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0386-2
更新日期：2018-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hatching is crucial for mammalian embryo implantation, since difficulties during this process can lead to implantation failure, ectopic pregnancy and consequent infertility. Despite years of intensive researches, how internal and external factors affecting embryo hatch are still largely unclear. METHODS:The...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0356-8
更新日期：2018-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Through this prospective study, we aimed to explore the change of molecular modification after the transient scrotal hyperthermia on human sperm. METHODS:Ten healthy subjects selected with strict screening criteria underwent testicular warming in a 43 °C water bath for 30 min a day for 10 consecutive days. ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-020-00640-w
更新日期：2020-08-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), a synthetic progestogen derived from 19-nor-progesterone, recently completed clinical trials for use with 17beta-estradiol in a new monophasic combined oral contraceptive. In this review, published as well as previously unpublished preclinical studies that detail the effects of N...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-85
更新日期：2012-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pregnant women have high serum concentrations of sex steroid hormones, which are major regulators of paracrine and autocrine responses for many maternal and placental functions. The main purpose of this study was to compare patients with preeclampsia and patients with uncomplicated pregnancies in terms of se...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-020-0569-5
更新日期：2020-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies suggested that microRNAs influence cellular activities in the uterus including cell differentiation and embryo implantation. In assisted reproduction cycles, luteal phase support, given to improve endometrial characteristics and to facilitate the implantation process, has been a standard practice. Th...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-72
更新日期：2012-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Trophoblast cells are unique because they are one of the few mammalian cell types that do not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, either constitutively or after exposure to IFN-gamma. The absence of MHC class II antigen expression on trophoblast cells has been postulated to be one of the ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-2-52
更新日期：2004-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endometriosis is a known cause of infertility. Differences in immune tolerance caused by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are thought to be involved in the pathology of endometriosis. Evidence has indicated that Tregs can be separated into three functionally and phenotypica...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0325-2
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The World Health Organization (WHO) international body mass index (BMI) cut-off points defining pre-pregnancy BMI categories in the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines are not directly applicable to Asians. We aimed to define the optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) for the Korean population based on Asi...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-017-0280-3
更新日期：2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. High abortion and fetal mortality rates are commonly observed. These developmental defects have been attributed to incomple...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-1-98
更新日期：2003-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Spontaneous abortion is one of the most common complications in early pregnancy. A preventive test to identify women who will experience a miscarriage, even before first symptoms occur, is not established. Activation of maternal immunological tolerance seems to be essential for early fetal development and va...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0411-5
更新日期：2018-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Progesterone plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of human endometrial cells (hECs). Large-dose treatment with progesterone has been used for treatment of endometrial proliferative disorders. However, the mechanisms behind remain unknown. METHODS:To investigate the role of cyclin...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-7-144
更新日期：2009-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) is an epithelial Ca2+ channel protein expressed in calcium absorbing organs. In the present study, we investigated the expression and regulation of uterine and placental TRPV6 during gestation in rodents. Uterine TRPV6 peaked at pregnancy day (...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-7-49
更新日期：2009-05-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Adults with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can have multiple metabolic abnormalities. However, studies in the adolescent population are still limited and these results seem to vary widely. This study was to investigate the metabolic abnormalities in adolescents with PCOS in South China and the potential ri...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-8-142
更新日期：2010-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Cloning mammals by nuclear transfer is a powerful technique that is quickly advancing the development of genetically defined animal models. However, the overall efficiency of nuclear transfer is still very low and several hurdles remain before the power of this technique will be fully harnessed. Among these hurdles in...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-1-84
更新日期：2003-11-07 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent reassessment of the phylogenetic affinities of cetaceans makes it timely to compare their placentation with that of the artiodactyls. We studied the placentae of two sympatric species of dolphin from the Amazon River Basin, representing two distinct families. The umbilical cord branched to supply a bilobed al...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-5-26
更新日期：2007-06-28 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the effects of indomethacin (IM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and the role of prostaglandins on the accumulation of leukocytes in the rat ovary during the periovulatory period. Adult cycling rats were injected sc with 1 mg of IM in olive oil or vehicle on the morning of proestrus. Some...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-1-26
更新日期：2003-02-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The syncytialization of cytotrophoblast cells to syncytiotrophoblast is central to human placental transport and hormone production. Many techniques for in vitro study of this process have been proposed and new investigators to the field may find the literature in the field daunting. Here, we present a strai...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0070-8
更新日期：2015-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Relaxin levels in seminal plasma have been associated with positive effects on sperm motility and quality, and thus having potential roles in male fertility. However, the origin of seminal relaxin, within the male reproductive tract, and the moment of its release in the vicinity of spermatozoa remain unclear...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0043-y
更新日期：2015-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bovine luteal parenchymal cells express class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and stimulate class II MHC-dependent activation of T cells in vitro. The ability of a class II MHC-expressing cell type to elicit a response from T cells in vivo is also dependent on expression of costimulatory ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-5-5
更新日期：2007-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Serum leptin levels are augmented in obese infertile men and in men with azoospermia. They also correlate inversely with sperm concentration, motility and normal forms. The mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of excess leptin on male reproductive function remain unclear. The present study aimed to eval...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0368-4
更新日期：2018-05-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has special pro-inflammatory roles, affecting the functions of macrophages and lymphocytes and counter-regulating the effects of glucocorticoids on the immune response. The conspicuous expression of MIF during human implantation and early embryonic development als...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-8-95
更新日期：2010-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Leukocytes represent the predominant source of reactive oxygen species both in seminal plasma and in sperm suspensions and have been demonstrated to negatively influence sperm function and fertilization rate in assisted reproduction procedures. Peroxidase test is the standard method recommended by WHO to det...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-7-128
更新日期：2009-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have emerged as attractive candidates for cell-based therapies that are capable of restoring lost cell and tissue function. These unique cells are able to self-renew indefinitely and have the capacity to differentiate in to all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm). Harn...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0005-4
更新日期：2015-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A decrease in HOXA11 expression in eutopic mid-secretory endometrium has been found in women with endometriosis-associated infertility. METHODS:Using Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) and western blotting analysis we studied the HOXA11 transcript and protein levels in mid-luteal eutopic endometrium from e...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-1
更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The transformation of endometrium into decidua is essential for normal implantation of the blastocyst. However, the post-transcriptional regulation and the miRNAs involved in decidualization remain poorly understood. Here, we examined microRNA-181a (miR-181a) expression in decidualized human endometrial stro...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0019-y
更新日期：2015-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, affecting 9-18% of women in reproductive age that causes hyperandrogenism and infertility due to dysfunctional follicular maturation and anovulation. The etiology of PCOS is still poorly known, and information from experimental animal models may help imp...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12958-017-0231-z
更新日期：2017-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To evaluate the association between leukocytes (polymorphonuclear granulocytes -PMNL) and semen parameters at different leukocyte concentrations. METHODS:This was a retrospective clinical study at a university hospital andrology clinic. Semen samples from infertile men were analyzed for sperm morphology and...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-8-12
更新日期：2010-02-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endocannabinoids (ECs) are important contributors to implantation and decidualization and are suppressed in early pregnancy. Elevated levels of anandamide (AEA), the endogenous ligand for the CB1 and CB2 receptors (R), interfere with receptivity of the blastocyst. Ang-(1-7) is down-regulated in the implantat...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-13-5
更新日期：2015-01-17 00:00:00
