Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The syncytialization of cytotrophoblast cells to syncytiotrophoblast is central to human placental transport and hormone production. Many techniques for in vitro study of this process have been proposed and new investigators to the field may find the literature in the field daunting. Here, we present a straightforward and reliable method to establish this important model using modern but readily available tools and reagents. METHODS:Villous cytotrophoblast cells are obtained from term placenta using mild enzymatic degradation, Percoll gradient centrifugation, negative magnetic cell sorting using an antibody against classical major histocompatibility complex molecules and in vitro culture on a matrix-coated growth surface. RESULTS:The purity of isolated cytotrophoblast cells exceeds 98 % as assessed by cytokeratin-7 expression using flow cytometry. Contamination by mesenchymal cells, extravillous trophoblast cells, leukocytes, Hofbauer and endothelial cells is minimized (less than 2 % when analyzed for vimentin, HLA-G, CD45, CD163 and CD31 using flow cytometry). Isolated cytotrophoblast cells began to aggregate into monolayers of mononucleated cells within about 12 h of plating. By 72 h in culture, most cytotrophoblast cells have differentiated into syncytiotrophoblast as demonstrated by a loss of intercellular E-cadherin expression upon fusion into multinucleated syncytia. After 72 h in culture, nearly every cultured cell expresses syncytiotrophoblast markers, including cytokeratin-7, human chorionic gonadotropin-β (β-hCG) and the fusion-related proteins glial cell missing-1 (GCM-1) and syncytin. CONCLUSIONS:We present an efficient and reliable method for isolating of cytotrophoblast cells with high purity and complete differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast in vitro.
journal_name
Reprod Biol Endocrinoljournal_title
Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&Eauthors
Li L,Schust DJdoi
10.1186/s12958-015-0070-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-07-09 00:00:00pages
71issn
1477-7827pii
10.1186/s12958-015-0070-8journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is thought to be involved in non-genomic estrogen responses as well as processes such as cell proliferation and migration. In this study, we analyzed GPER expression patterns from endometriosis samples and normal endometrial tissue samples and compared these exp...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-30
更新日期：2012-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Turkey reproduction is by artificial insemination using pooled semen so there is interest in storing semen. Fertilizing capacity declines after six hours storage, possibly due to poor sperm mobility. Prostaglandins (PG) affect mammalian sperm motility, but avian sperm has not been widely studied. For this st...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-1-74
更新日期：2003-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Septate uterus, one of the most common forms of congenital uterine malformations, negatively affects female reproductive health. METHODS:In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the reproductive outcome after hysteroscopic septoplasty in 64 women with septate uterus and primary or secondary infertility...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-8-52
更新日期：2010-05-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sperm of poor quality can negatively affect embryo development to the blastocyst stage. The aim of this comparative prospective randomized study was to evaluate the role of an intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) in the same infertile couples included in the programme of intracyto...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-9-123
更新日期：2011-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hatching is crucial for mammalian embryo implantation, since difficulties during this process can lead to implantation failure, ectopic pregnancy and consequent infertility. Despite years of intensive researches, how internal and external factors affecting embryo hatch are still largely unclear. METHODS:The...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0356-8
更新日期：2018-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In early pregnancy, increased plasma levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) are associated with miscarriage through mechanisms that might affect the developing placenta or maternal decidua. METHODS:In this study, we compare AEA levels in failed and viable pregnancies with the levels of the trophobla...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-9-152
更新日期：2011-11-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Considering that clinical trial studies are limited in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, and there is no consensus on an optimum endometrial preparation protocol for frozen embryo transfer (FET), the present study was designed as a randomized clinical trial to compare the reproductive outcomes follo...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-020-00675-z
更新日期：2020-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several kinds of anti-oxidants have drawn a lot of intention for their benefits on vascular protection. In addition, it has been demonstrated that exercise training could improve endothelial function by up-regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein. Therefore, the present study aims to inves...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-7-93
更新日期：2009-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Gonadotropins extracted from the urine of post-menopausal women have traditionally been used to stimulate folliculogenesis in the treatment of infertility and in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Products, such as human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), consist not only of a mixture of the hormones, follicle-stimul...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-12-95
更新日期：2014-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess the amount of variability in ovarian follicular growth rate and maximum follicular diameter related to different centers, women and cycles of the same women in a multicenter observational study of follicular growth. METHODS:Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study from eight centers in Eur...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-6-61
更新日期：2008-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Fertilin alpha (ADAM-1) and beta (ADAM-2) are integral membrane proteins of the ADAM family that form a fertilin complex involved in key steps of the sperm-oocyte membrane interaction. In the present work, we analyzed the presence of ADAM-1 and ADAM-2 mRNAs, the spermatozoa proteins' processing and their sub-cellular ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-9-96
更新日期：2011-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To report the occurrence of a rare case of a huge benign ovarian tumour (mucinous cystadenoma) in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS:Our reported case was a middle-aged Saudi woman presented with marked abdominal distension and discomfort at the gynaecology clinic of Jazan General Hospital, Jazan city, Saud...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-8-24
更新日期：2010-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Oocyte donation is a medical technique used principally for woman with ovarian failure. Optimizing donor recruitment is essential to obtain the best results with this technique. Understanding how donor parameters influence outcome for the recipients is fundamental. The aim of this study was to determine whet...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-016-0138-0
更新日期：2016-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Flow cytometric sorting can be used to separate sperm based on sex chromosome content. Differential fluorescence emitted by stained X- vs. Y-chromosome-bearing sperm enables sorting and collection of samples enriched in either X- or Y-bearing sperm for use to influence the likelihood that the offspring will ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-12-106
更新日期：2014-11-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Although much is known about the reproductive biology of pond-breeding frogs, there is comparatively little information about terrestrial-breeding anurans, a highly successful and diverse group. This study investigates the activation and in vitro fertilization of eggs of the Puerto Rican coqui frog obtained by hormona...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-2-60
更新日期：2004-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Sexual health is strictly related with general health in both genders. In presence of a sexual dysfunction, the expert in sexual medicine aims to discover the specific weight of the physical and psychological factors can cause or con-cause the sexual problem. At the same time, a sexual dysfunction can represent a mark...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12958-019-0557-9
更新日期：2020-02-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bovine luteal parenchymal cells express class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and stimulate class II MHC-dependent activation of T cells in vitro. The ability of a class II MHC-expressing cell type to elicit a response from T cells in vivo is also dependent on expression of costimulatory ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-5-5
更新日期：2007-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It is not well established whether the increased number of leukocytes in the seminal fluid impairs the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). This investigation analysed the outcomes of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMS...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-44
更新日期：2012-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) present a heterogeneous reproductive and metabolic profile with an increased lifetime risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Early biomarkers of these metabolic disturbances in PCOS women have not been identified. The abundance of circulating insulin gene promotor cell-fre...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-019-0478-7
更新日期：2019-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:hCG is a wonder. Firstly, because hCG is such an extreme molecule. hCG is the most acidic glycoprotein containing the highest proportion of sugars. Secondly, hCG exists in 5 common forms. Finally, it has so many functions ranging from control of human pregnancy to human cancer. This review examines these mol...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-24
更新日期：2012-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A limited number of publications have assessed the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with inconclusive results. Since in general populations the occurrence of hypertension is related to age per se, we investigated the prevalence (P) / relative risk (RR) of HTN in p...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12958-020-00576-1
更新日期：2020-03-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The injection of estradiol valerate in female rats induces polycystic ovary syndrome, which is characterized by polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. These characteristics have been associated with an increase in the ovarian concentration of norepinephrine, which occurs before establishing t...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0400-8
更新日期：2018-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Rapid-i is a new FDA cleared closed carrier for embryo vitrification. The cooling rate of - 1220°C/min is far lower than that reported with open vitrification systems such as the cryoloop (-15,000°C/min). Little published data is currently available on this device. This study presents our initial clinica...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-11-41
更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endocrine mechanisms governing canine reproductive function remain still obscure. Progesterone (P4) of luteal origin is required for maintenance of pregnancy. Corpora lutea (CL) are gonadotrop-independent during the first third of dioestrus; afterwards prolactin (PRL) is the primary luteotropic factor. Inter...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-9-109
更新日期：2011-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The alterations of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme complex system occur in physiological conditions such as aging and oxidative stress consequent to strenuous exercise. METHODS:Authors optimize the spectrophotometric method to measure glutathione peroxidase activity in rat red blood cell membranes. RESUL...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-7-7
更新日期：2009-01-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to analyse the multigenerational effects of para-nonylphenol (NP) and resveratrol (RES) on the body weight, organ weight and reproductive fitness of outbred CD-1 mice. The data indicate that in male mice, NP had an effect on the weight of selected reproductive organs and the kidneys in the pa...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-1-30
更新日期：2003-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) are being developed for the treatment of various human cancers. METHODS:MTT assay was used to test the proliferation of SKOV3 and CaOV3. The splice variant expression of GHRH receptors was examined by RT-PCR. The expression of protein in signal pathway ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-8-54
更新日期：2010-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Human uterine leiomyoma (fibroids; LYO) are the most common benign neoplasms in reproductive-aged women. Dysregulated extracellular matrix and irregular LYO reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) expression are thought to be mediated by aberrant microRNA (miR) expression. The relat...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-016-0180-y
更新日期：2016-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:17alpha-Estradiol has been considered as the hormonally inactive isomer of 17beta-estradiol. Recently, nongenomic (smooth muscle relaxation) and genomic (light estrogenic activity) effects of 17alpha-estradiol have been reported, but no reports have yet determined its possible antiestrogenic activity. Theref...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-3-30
更新日期：2005-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In assisted reproductive technology, prediction of treatment failure remains a great challenge. The development of more sensitive assays for measuring anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has allowed for the possibility to investigate if a lower threshold of AMH can be established predicting very limited or no respo...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-019-0452-4
更新日期：2019-01-11 00:00:00
