Abstract：
:Gonadotropins extracted from the urine of post-menopausal women have traditionally been used to stimulate folliculogenesis in the treatment of infertility and in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Products, such as human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), consist not only of a mixture of the hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), but also other biologically active contaminants, such as growth factors, binding proteins and prion proteins. The actual amount of molecular LH in hMG preparations varies considerably due to the purification process, thus hCG, mimicking LH action, is added to standardise the product. However, unlike LH, hCG plays a different role during the natural human menstrual cycle. It is secreted by the embryo and placenta, and its main role is to support implantation and pregnancy. More recently, recombinant gonadotropins (r-hFSH and r-hLH) have become available for ART therapies. Recombinant LH contains only LH molecules. In the field of reproduction there has been controversy in recent years over whether r-hLH or hCG should be used for ART. This review examines the existing evidence for molecular and functional differences between LH and hCG and assesses the clinical implications of hCG-supplemented urinary therapy compared with recombinant therapies used for ART.
journal_name
Reprod Biol Endocrinoljournal_title
Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&Eauthors
Ezcurra D,Humaidan Pdoi
10.1186/1477-7827-12-95subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-10-03 00:00:00pages
95issn
1477-7827pii
1477-7827-12-95journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:The association of recombinant FSH plus recombinant LH in 2:1 ratio may be used not only to induce ovulation in anovulatory women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism but also to achieve multiple follicular developments in human IVF. The aim of this analysis was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of Controlled...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0386-2
更新日期：2018-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, cranial diabetes insipidus and sensorineural deafness. Some reports have described hypogonadism in male WS patients. The aim of our study was to find out whether Wfs1 deficient (Wfs1KO) ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-7-82
更新日期：2009-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite significant advances in contraceptive options for women, vasectomy and condoms are the only options available for male contraception. Due to this limitation, the burden of contraception resides on the shoulders of females only. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a safe, effective and rever...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-020-00654-4
更新日期：2020-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The injection of estradiol valerate in female rats induces polycystic ovary syndrome, which is characterized by polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. These characteristics have been associated with an increase in the ovarian concentration of norepinephrine, which occurs before establishing t...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0400-8
更新日期：2018-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hyperandrogenic conditions have been associated with a high prevalence of endometrial pathologies related to cell survival. However, the action of androgens on proliferation and apoptosis in endometrial cells is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of androste...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-2-81
更新日期：2004-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the effects of indomethacin (IM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and the role of prostaglandins on the accumulation of leukocytes in the rat ovary during the periovulatory period. Adult cycling rats were injected sc with 1 mg of IM in olive oil or vehicle on the morning of proestrus. Some...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-1-26
更新日期：2003-02-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It is not well established whether the increased number of leukocytes in the seminal fluid impairs the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). This investigation analysed the outcomes of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMS...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-44
更新日期：2012-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite the clinical outcomes of ovarian stimulation with either GnRH-agonist or GnRH-antagonist analogues for in vitro fertilization (IVF) being well analysed, the effect of analogues on oocyte/embryo quality and embryo development is still not known in detail. The aim of this case-control study was to comp...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-7-103
更新日期：2009-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective was to determine the effect of prepartum diets supplemented with rolled canola seed (high in oleic acid) or sunflower seed (high in linoleic acid) on luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced LH release during early postpartum. METHODS:Thirty-one pr...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0060-x
更新日期：2015-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The syncytialization of cytotrophoblast cells to syncytiotrophoblast is central to human placental transport and hormone production. Many techniques for in vitro study of this process have been proposed and new investigators to the field may find the literature in the field daunting. Here, we present a strai...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0070-8
更新日期：2015-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mares have an annual reproductive rhythm, with a phase of inactivity in midwinter. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of food restriction on physiological and metabolic hallmarks of this rhythm. METHODS:Over three successive years, 3 groups of 10 mares were kept under natural photoperiod. A '...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-9-130
更新日期：2011-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Relaxin levels in seminal plasma have been associated with positive effects on sperm motility and quality, and thus having potential roles in male fertility. However, the origin of seminal relaxin, within the male reproductive tract, and the moment of its release in the vicinity of spermatozoa remain unclear...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0043-y
更新日期：2015-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Spontaneous abortion is one of the most common complications in early pregnancy. A preventive test to identify women who will experience a miscarriage, even before first symptoms occur, is not established. Activation of maternal immunological tolerance seems to be essential for early fetal development and va...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0411-5
更新日期：2018-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:hCG is a wonder. Firstly, because hCG is such an extreme molecule. hCG is the most acidic glycoprotein containing the highest proportion of sugars. Secondly, hCG exists in 5 common forms. Finally, it has so many functions ranging from control of human pregnancy to human cancer. This review examines these mol...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-24
更新日期：2012-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Premutation range CGGn repeats of the FMR1 gene denote risk toward primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also called premature ovarian failure (POF). This prospective cohort study was undertaken to determine if X-chromosome inactivation skew (sXCI) is associated with variations in FMR1 CGG repeat length and, ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-017-0250-9
更新日期：2017-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study was aimed at screening out the potential key genes and pathways associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS:The GSE70493 dataset used for this study was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the placental tissue of women with...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-019-0546-z
更新日期：2019-11-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Low functional ovarian reserve (LFOR) has been associated with hypoandrogenemia and increased embryo aneuploidy, while androgen supplementation has been reported to improve aneuploidy rates. We, therefore, assessed whether in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) androgen concentrations are...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0034-z
更新日期：2015-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Adrenomedullin (ADM), a novel vasorelaxant peptide, was found in human/rat ovaries. The present study investigated the interaction of ADM and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in follicles and newly formed corpora lutea (CL) and the actions of ADM on progesterone production in CL during pregnancy. METHODS:The peptide and...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-9-111
更新日期：2011-08-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endocannabinoids (ECs) are important contributors to implantation and decidualization and are suppressed in early pregnancy. Elevated levels of anandamide (AEA), the endogenous ligand for the CB1 and CB2 receptors (R), interfere with receptivity of the blastocyst. Ang-(1-7) is down-regulated in the implantat...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-13-5
更新日期：2015-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Cloning mammals by nuclear transfer is a powerful technique that is quickly advancing the development of genetically defined animal models. However, the overall efficiency of nuclear transfer is still very low and several hurdles remain before the power of this technique will be fully harnessed. Among these hurdles in...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-1-84
更新日期：2003-11-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), a synthetic progestogen derived from 19-nor-progesterone, recently completed clinical trials for use with 17beta-estradiol in a new monophasic combined oral contraceptive. In this review, published as well as previously unpublished preclinical studies that detail the effects of N...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-85
更新日期：2012-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure reduces embryo implantations, increases embryonic loss, and decreases fetal body weights. However, whether it is associated with the alteration of luteal function remains unknown. Thus, our aim in this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of DEHP on luteal ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0013-4
更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Meta-analysis revealed that embryo placement 20 mm from the fundal endometrial surface resulted in higher pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, and live birth rate compared with placement 10 mm from the fundal endometrial surface. Pregnancy and implantation rates according to relative position were higher ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0072-6
更新日期：2015-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have emerged as attractive candidates for cell-based therapies that are capable of restoring lost cell and tissue function. These unique cells are able to self-renew indefinitely and have the capacity to differentiate in to all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm). Harn...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0005-4
更新日期：2015-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Relaxin is detected in seminal plasma of many species and its association with sperm motility may be beneficial in some aspects of assisted reproduction. Here, we immunolocalized relaxin receptors and investigated the effects of exogenous relaxin on motility characteristics, viability, and cAMP content of bo...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-015-0021-4
更新日期：2015-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endometriosis has been shown to be associated with second- to third-trimester pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and placenta previa, but the evidence is inconsistent. We hypothesized that endometriosis severity might affect these inconsistent results. Therefore we aimed to conduct a retrospective...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-016-0209-2
更新日期：2016-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endometriosis is a known cause of infertility. Differences in immune tolerance caused by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are thought to be involved in the pathology of endometriosis. Evidence has indicated that Tregs can be separated into three functionally and phenotypica...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12958-018-0325-2
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Morphological aspect of polycystic ovaries (PCO) is a very common finding in an IVF center population: this includes PCOS patients identified in 18-25% of the couples presenting with infertility and so called "sonographic PCO only" the prevalence of which has been estimated as high as 33% in asymptomatic pat...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-11-54
更新日期：2013-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies suggested that microRNAs influence cellular activities in the uterus including cell differentiation and embryo implantation. In assisted reproduction cycles, luteal phase support, given to improve endometrial characteristics and to facilitate the implantation process, has been a standard practice. Th...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-10-72
更新日期：2012-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to identify substantially increased proteins in bovine cystic follicular fluid (FF) in order to clarify the pathology and etiology of bovine ovarian follicular cysts (BOFC). METHODS:Proteins in normal and cystic FF samples were subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel ...
journal_title：Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1477-7827-3-23
更新日期：2005-06-08 00:00:00
