Abstract：
BACKGROUND:A plethora of evidence shows that activated microglia play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS). Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) frequently occurs in HIV/AIDS patients. However, knowledge remains limited on the contributions of activated microglia to the pathogenesis of TE. METHODS:A murine model of reactivated encephalitis was generated in a latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii induced by cyclophosphamide. The neuronal apoptosis in the CNS and the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines were assayed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS:Microglial cells were found to be activated in the cortex and hippocampus in the brain tissues of mice. The in vivo expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were up-regulated in TE mice, and accordingly, the neuronal apoptosis was significantly increased. The results were positively correlated with those of the in vitro experiments. Additionally,apoptosis of the mouse neuroblastoma type Neuro2a (N2a) remarkably increased when the N2a was co-cultured in transwell with microglial cells and Toxoplasma tachyzoites. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that minocycline (a microglia inhibitor) treatment notably reduced microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS:Activated microglia contribute to neuronal apoptosis in TE and inhibition of microglia activation might represent a novel therapeutic strategy of TE.
journal_name
Parasit Vectorsjournal_title
Parasites & vectorsauthors
Zhang YH,Chen H,Chen Y,Wang L,Cai YH,Li M,Wen HQ,Du J,An R,Luo QL,Wang XL,Lun ZR,Xu YH,Shen JLdoi
10.1186/1756-3305-7-372subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-15 00:00:00pages
372issn
1756-3305pii
1756-3305-7-372journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:West African Dwarf (WAD) goats serve an important role in the rural village economy of West Africa, especially among small-holder livestock owners. They have been shown to be trypanotolerant and to resist infections with Haemonchus contortus more effectively than any other known breed of goat. METHODS:In th...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/1756-3305-4-12
更新日期：2011-02-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent reports have demonstrated the presence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) genomic material in Hyalomma aegyptium ticks feeding primarily on tortoises belonging to the genus Testudo. This raises the question if these ticks and their hosts play a role in the natural transmission dynamics o...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-020-04074-6
更新日期：2020-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Aedes mosquito-transmitted outbreaks of dengue and yellow fever have been reported from rural and urban parts of Côte d'Ivoire. The present study aimed at assessing Aedes spp. oviposition ecology in variously urbanized settings within arbovirus foci in southeastern Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS:Aedes spp. eggs wer...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-016-1778-9
更新日期：2016-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by triatomine vectors. The northeastern region of Brazil is endemic for Chagas disease and has the largest diversity of triatomine species. T. cruzi development in its triatomine vector depends on diverse factors, including the composition o...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-015-0836-z
更新日期：2015-04-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lymphatic filariasis (LF) due to Wuchereria bancrofti is being eliminated from Oceania under the Pacific Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis Programme. LF was endemic in Solomon Islands but in the 2010-2020 Strategic Plan of the Global Programme to Eliminate LF, Solomon Islands was listed as non-endemic for ...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1756-3305-6-218
更新日期：2013-07-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Insecticide treated plastic sheeting (ITPS), sometimes known as durable lining, has potential as a long-lasting insecticidal surface for malaria vector control when used as lining for interior walls and ceilings inside the home. Against a backdrop of increasing long lasting net (LN) coverage, we examined the...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1756-3305-3-65
更新日期：2010-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Plasmodium ovale is widely distributed across tropical regions and has two closely related but distinct species, namely P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri. Combining genetic characterization with the immunogenicity of merozoite surface protein-8 (MSP-8) supports considering MSP-8 as a candidate target f...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-019-3412-0
更新日期：2019-04-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are transmitted by bloodsucking culicid mosquitoes belonging to Culex, Aedes, Ochlerotatus, Anopheles and Mansonia genera. The detection of filarioids in mosquitoes for assessing distribution of vectors and/or of pathogens in a given area (also known as "xenomonitor...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1756-3305-5-76
更新日期：2012-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bioclimatic variables play an integral part in the life-cycle of Ctenocephalides felis, the most common flea found on companion animals. It is essential that we understand the effects of climate on C. felis distribution as fleas are a major veterinary and public health concern. This study investigated the cu...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-019-3399-6
更新日期：2019-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2011, we reported occurrence of natural human infections with Brugia pahangi, a filarial worm of dogs and cats, in a surburb of Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia. Our preliminary entomological survey at that time suggested the mosquito species Armigeres subalbatus as the vector of the zoonotic in...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1756-3305-6-219
更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The low prevalence of blood parasites in some bird species may be related to the habitats they frequent, the inexistence of the right host-parasite assemblage or the immunological capacity of the host. Here, we assess the parasite load of breeding populations of Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae), a medium-...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-015-0802-9
更新日期：2015-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lipoproteins are the major agonists of Wolbachia-dependent inflammatory pathogenesis in filariasis and a validated target for drug discovery. Here we characterise the abundance, localisation and serology of the Wolbachia lipoproteins: Wolbachia peptidoglycan associated lipoprotein and the Type IV Secretion S...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-014-0462-1
更新日期：2014-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Proteins from the ABC family (ATP-binding cassette) represent the largest known group of efflux pumps, responsible for transporting specific molecules across lipid membranes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In arthropods they have been shown to play a role in insecticide defense/resistance. The ...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1756-3305-7-349
更新日期：2014-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:More effective mosquito control strategies are urgently required due to the increasing prevalence of insecticide resistance. The sterile insect technique (SIT) and the release of insects carrying a dominant lethal allele (RIDL) are two proposed methods for environmentally-friendly, species-targeted populatio...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-016-1331-x
更新日期：2016-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Persistent covert infections of the myxozoan, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, in primary invertebrate hosts (the freshwater bryozoan, Fredericella sultana) have been proposed to represent a reservoir for proliferative kidney disease in secondary fish hosts. However, we have limited understanding of how covert...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-017-2495-8
更新日期：2017-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:As evidence of the infection of domestic animals by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma sp. 'Omatjenne' is presently becoming available, understanding the epidemiological and ecological significance of infection is important to quantify the clinical and socio-economic impact of the diseases they cause. ...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-018-2633-y
更新日期：2018-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Correct species identification of blow flies is a crucial step for understanding their biology, which can be used not only for designing fly control programs, but also to determine the minimum time since death. Identification techniques are usually based on morphological and molecular characters. However, th...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-017-2163-z
更新日期：2017-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diarrhea caused by opportunistic intestinal protozoa is a common problem in HIV infection. We aimed to establish the prevalence of Cryptosporidium, misrosporidia, and Isospora in HIV-infected people using a systematic review and meta-analysis, which is central to developing public policy and clinical service...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1186/s13071-017-2558-x
更新日期：2018-01-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sheep scab is caused by the ectoparasitic mite Psoroptes ovis which initiates a profound cutaneous inflammatory response, leading to the development of the skin lesions which are characteristic of the disease. Existing control strategies rely upon injectable endectocides and acaricidal dips but concerns over...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1756-3305-5-30
更新日期：2012-02-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Taenia ovis is a tapeworm that is mainly transmitted between dogs and sheep. Although T. ovis infection is not a public health issue, it causes a great financial loss due to condemnation of carcasses. The first outbreak of T. ovis infection in China occurred in 2015. Reassessment of adverse effects of T. ov...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1186/s13071-016-1700-5
更新日期：2016-07-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In this study for the first time, a Dientamoeba fragilis protein profile by MALDI-TOF MS was created in order to identify specific markers for the application of this technology in the laboratory diagnosis of dientamoebiasis. In particular, one D. fragilis reference strain was used to create a reference spec...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-017-2597-3
更新日期：2018-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Natural compounds from plants are known to provide a source of anthelmintic molecules. In previous studies, we have shown that plant extracts from the plant Picria fel-terrae Lour. and particular fractions thereof have activity against the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, causing quite pronounced...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-019-3429-4
更新日期：2019-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In Switzerland, the invasive Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is firmly established in the Canton of Ticino, south of the Alps. According to a large-scale distribution model developed in 2013, suitable climatic conditions for the establishment of Ae. albopictus north of the Alps are found in Basel and...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-018-2803-y
更新日期：2018-03-27 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Culex pipiens pipiens plays an important role in the transmission of several vector-borne pathogens such as West Nile virus (WNV) in North America. Laboratory and field studies suggest that this species is ornithophilic but because of genetic hybridization with sibling species during the active mosquito seas...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-015-1012-1
更新日期：2015-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:During recent periods, the islands of the Republic of Seychelles experienced many diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Bancroft's filaria and malaria. Mosquitoes transmit the agents that cause these diseases. Published information on mosquitoes in the Seychelles is notably dispersed in the literature. The m...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1756-3305-5-207
更新日期：2012-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The intestinal epithelium plays a multifactorial role in mucosal defense. In this sense, augmented epithelial cell turnover appears as a potential effector mechanism for the rejection of intestinal-dwelling helminths. METHODS:A BrdU pulse-chase experiment was conducted to investigate the infection-induced a...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-015-0948-5
更新日期：2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a lethal zoonosis caused by the fox-tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. The disease is difficult to treat and an effective therapeutic drug is urgently needed. Reliable models are essential for drug development. In this study, we developed both in vitro and in vivo models of...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-016-1687-y
更新日期：2016-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:West Nile virus (WNV) is a Flavivirus transmitted to vertebrate hosts by mosquitoes, maintained in nature through an enzootic bird-mosquito cycle. In Europe the virus became of major public health and veterinary concern in the 1990s. In Italy, WNV re-emerged in 2008, ten years after the previous outbreak and...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-015-1031-y
更新日期：2015-08-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Toxoplasma gondii is a widely prevalent protozoan parasite that causes serious toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. The present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates from pigs in Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guangdong Provinces and Chongqing Municipality in China using multilocous polymer...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1756-3305-6-227
更新日期：2013-08-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sandfly-borne phleboviruses are present in North Africa where they can infect humans in regions where Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the Western Mediterranean basin is present affecting both humans and dogs. We investigated the capacity of dogs to be used as se...
journal_title：Parasites & vectors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s13071-014-0476-8
更新日期：2014-10-12 00:00:00
