Abstract:
:Generalized linear models may be extended in several ways. This paper describes five such extensions: (i) generalized additive models; (ii) the use of quasi-likelihood; (iii) joint modelling of mean and dispersion; (iv) introduction of extra random components to give hierarchical generalized linear models; (v) modelling of correlated responses within subjects in longitudinal models. These extensions are largely independent, and so can be combined in many ways to produce a large class of models. Finally, a further extension to dynamic forms of the models is sketched.
journal_name
Stat Medjournal_title
Statistics in medicineauthors
Nelder JAdoi
10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19981215)17:23<2747::aid-ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-15 00:00:00pages
2747-53issue
23eissn
0277-6715issn
1097-0258pii
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19981215)17:23<2747::AID-Sjournal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Evaluating treatment effects within different subsets of patients is a common practice in the analysis of individual randomized clinical trials. Such analyses are limited, however, by the number of patients available. Overviews, by providing evidence based on large numbers of patients, can be useful for overcoming the...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780060331
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between association and surrogacy has been the focus of much debate in the surrogate marker literature. Recently, the individual causal association (ICA) has been introduced as a metric of surrogacy in the causal inference framework, when both the surrogate and the true endpoint are normally distribut...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8698
更新日期:2020-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Conditional power (CP) is the probability that the final study result will be statistically significant, given the data observed thus far and a specific assumption about the pattern of the data to be observed in the remainder of the study, such as assuming the original design effect, or the effect estimated from the c...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/sim.2151
更新日期:2005-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Zero-inflated Poisson regression is a popular tool used to analyze data with excessive zeros. Although much work has already been performed to fit zero-inflated data, most models heavily depend on special features of the individual data. To be specific, this means that there is a sizable group of respondents who endor...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5650
更新日期:2013-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed new regulations that address the 'prescribability' and 'switchability' of new formulations of already-approved drugs. These new criteria are known, respectively, as population and individual bioequivalence. Two methods have been proposed in the bioequivalence li...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1346
更新日期:2003-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the last decade or so, pharmaceutical drug development activities in the area of new antibacterial drugs for treating serious bacterial diseases have declined, and at the same time, there are worries that the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, especially the increase in drug-resistan...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6233
更新日期:2014-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::We consider statistical procedures for hypothesis testing of real valued functionals of matched pairs with missing values. In order to improve the accuracy of existing methods, we propose a novel multiplication combination procedure. Dividing the observed data into dependent (completely observed) pairs and independent...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8178
更新日期:2019-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trials often assess therapeutic benefit on the basis of an event such as death or the diagnosis of disease. Usually, there are several additional longitudinal measures of clinical status which are collected to be used in the treatment comparison. This paper proposes a simple non-parametric test which combines...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990615)18:11<1341::aid-s
更新日期:1999-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Virtually all clinical trials collect multiple endpoints that are usually correlated. Many methods have been proposed to control the family-wise type I error rate (FWER), but these methods often disregard the correlation among the endpoints, such as the commonly used Bonferroni correction, Holm procedure, Wiens' Bonfe...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4434
更新日期:2012-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::Meta-analysis has generally been accepted as a fundamental tool for combining effect estimates from several studies. For binary studies with rare events, the Peto odds ratio (POR) method has become the relative effect estimator of choice. However, the POR leads to biased estimates for the OR when treatment effects are...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.6301
更新日期:2014-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Providing personalized treatments designed to maximize benefits and minimizing harms is of tremendous current medical interest. One problem in this area is the evaluation of the interaction between the treatment and other predictor variables. Treatment effects in subgroups having the same direction but different magni...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5429
更新日期:2012-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::We discuss a sample size calculation for a pair-matched case-control study to test for interaction between a specific exposure and a second risk factor. The second risk factor could be either binary or continuous. An algorithm for the calculation of sample size is suggested which is based on a logistic regression mode...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(20000415)19:7<923::aid-sim
更新日期:2000-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals may vary in their responses to treatment, and identification of subgroups differentially affected by a treatment is an important issue in medical research. The risk of misleading subgroup analyses has become well known, and some exploratory analyses can be helpful in clarifying how covariates potentially i...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7970
更新日期:2019-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity probability interval designs have received increasing attention as a dose-finding method in recent years. In this study, we compared the two-stage, likelihood-based continual reassessment method (CRM), modified toxicity probability interval (mTPI), and the Bayesian optimal interval design (BOIN) in order to e...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7043
更新日期:2017-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Screening and diagnostic tests are important in disease prevention or control. The predictive values of positive and negative (PPV and NPV) test results are two of four operational characteristics of a screening test. We review an existing method based on the generalized estimating equation (GEE) methodology for compa...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2332
更新日期:2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic markers can be used as instrumental variables, in an analogous way to randomization in a clinical trial, to estimate the causal relationship between a phenotype and an outcome variable. Our purpose is to extend the existing methods for such Mendelian randomization studies to the context of multiple genetic mar...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3843
更新日期:2010-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a joint modeling approach to investigating the observed and latent risk factors of mixed types of outcomes. The proposed model comprises three parts. The first part is an exploratory factor analysis model that summarizes latent factors through multiple observed variables. The second part is a proportional h...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8840
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::When designing a study to develop a new prediction model with binary or time-to-event outcomes, researchers should ensure their sample size is adequate in terms of the number of participants (n) and outcome events (E) relative to the number of predictor parameters (p) considered for inclusion. We propose that the mini...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7992
更新日期:2019-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Both traditional phase I designs and the increasingly popular continual reassessment method (CRM) designs select an estimate of maximum tolerable dose (MTD) from among a set of prespecified dose levels. Although CRM designs use an implied dose-response model to select the next dose level, in general it is neither assu...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.903
更新日期:2001-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::The weighted average treatment effect is a causal measure for the comparison of interventions in a specific target population, which may be different from the population where data are sampled from. For instance, when the goal is to introduce a new treatment to a target population, the question is what efficacy (or ef...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7980
更新日期:2019-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated interobserver variation between three physician readers in the independent classification of chest radiographs from 1771 taconite workers for pneumoconiosis. We analysed variation with a general methodology for the analysis of categorical data, and quantified interobserver agreement in terms of kappa-t...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780030109
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we consider a full likelihood method to analyze continuous longitudinal responses with non-ignorable non-monotone missing data. We consider a transition probability model for the missingness mechanism. A first-order Markov dependence structure is assumed for both the missingness mechanism and observed d...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5359
更新日期:2012-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Two correction methods are considered for multiple logistic regression models with some covariates measured with error. Both methods are based on approximating the complicated regression model between the response and the observed covariates with simpler models. The first model is the logistic approximation proposed b...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780131105
更新日期:1994-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing numbers of economic evaluations are conducted alongside randomised controlled trials. Such studies include factorial trials, which randomise patients to different levels of two or more factors and can therefore evaluate the effect of multiple treatments alone and in combination. Factorial trials can provide...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7322
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years randomized trials designed to establish non-inferiority of a new treatment as compared to a standard one have been more widely used. Two-sample statistics have been proposed for this equivalence testing problem. However, they are not suited to situations where a long-term survivor fraction is expected....
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1453
更新日期:2003-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::We survey models for analysing repeated observations on an ordered categorical response variable. The models presented are univariate models that permit correlation among repeated measurements. The models describe simultaneously the dependence of marginal response distributions on values of explanatory variables and o...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780081005
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generalized linear models are often assumed to fit propensity scores, which are used to compute inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimators. To derive the asymptotic properties of IPW estimators, the propensity score is supposed to be bounded away from zero. This condition is known in the literature as strict positi...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7827
更新日期:2018-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Generalized relative and absolute risk models, in which various functions of time and age modify the excess relative or absolute risk of radiation-induced cancer, are fitted to the Japanese atomic bomb survivor cancer incidence data set. Among generalized relative risk models, those in which a product of powers of tim...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990115)18:1<17::aid-sim9
更新日期:1999-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In clinical trials, treatment comparisons are often performed by models that incorporate important prognostic factors. Since these models require complete covariate information on all patients, statisticians frequently resort to complete case analysis or to omission of an important covariate. A probability imputation ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780090707
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meta-analyses pooling continuous outcomes can use mean differences (MD), standardized MD (MD in pooled standard deviation units, SMD), or ratio of arithmetic means (RoM). Recently, ratio of geometric means using ad hoc (RoGM (ad hoc) ) or Taylor series (RoGM (Taylor) ) methods for estimating variances have been propos...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4501
更新日期:2012-07-30 00:00:00