Performance of toxicity probability interval based designs in contrast to the continual reassessment method.

abstract：:Biomedical studies often measure variables with error. Examples in the literature include investigation of the association between the change in some outcome variable (blood pressure, cholesterol level etc.) and a set of explanatory variables (age, smoking status etc.). Typically, one fits linear regression models to ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Yanez ND 3rd,Kronmal RA,Shemanski LR

更新日期：1998-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study investigates the performance of several statistical tests to detect publication bias in diagnostic meta-analysis by means of simulation. While bivariate models should be used to pool data from primary studies in diagnostic meta-analysis, univariate measures of diagnostic accuracy are preferable for t...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Bürkner PC,Doebler P

更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider bivariate survival times for heterogeneous populations, where heterogeneity induces deviations in an individual's risk of an event as well as associations between survival times. The heterogeneity is characterized by a bivariate frailty model. We measure the heterogeneity effects through deviations associa...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Xue X,Ding Y

更新日期：1999-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In a typical bioequivalence trial, summary measures of the plasma concentration versus time profile are used to compare two formulations of a drug product. Commonly used measures include area under the curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and time to maximum concentration (T(max)). Equivalence of these s...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Mauger DT,Chinchilli VM

更新日期：2000-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents a simple method for estimation of population vaccination effectiveness, which is the fraction of disease cases prevented by a vaccination programme. The method is based on the susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model for the spread of an epidemic in a heterogeneous population under non-homogene...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Haber M

更新日期：1997-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper discusses design considerations and the role of randomization-based inference in randomized community intervention trials. We stress that longitudinal follow-up of cohorts within communities often yields useful information on the effects of intervention on individuals, whereas cross-sectional surveys can us...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Gail MH,Mark SD,Carroll RJ,Green SB,Pee D

更新日期：1996-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In multiple-record systems estimation it is usually assumed that all registration relate to the same population. In this paper, we develop a method which can be used when the registrations relate to different populations, in the sense that they cover, for example, different time periods or regions. We show that under ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Zwane EN,van der Pal-de Bruin K,van der Heijden PG

更新日期：2004-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Orthogonal polynomial scores (OPS) is a simple, biologically meaningful approach to characterize longitudinal data in phase I and II clinical pharmacology trials. It describes average, linear, quadratic and higher order polynomial characteristics of each subject's response over time with use of composite scores comput...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Bradstreet TE

更新日期：1993-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Methods for addressing multiplicity in clinical trials have attracted much attention during the past 20 years. They include the investigation of new classes of multiple test procedures, such as fixed sequence, fallback and gatekeeping procedures. More recently, sequentially rejective graphical test procedures have bee...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Maurer W,Bretz F

更新日期：2013-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose a goodness-of-fit test statistic for linear regression with heterogeneous variance, which is asymptotically chi-square if the given model is correct. The test statistic is computed as a quadratic form of observed minus predicted responses. We apply the method to a linear regression for an ordinal categorica...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lipsitz SR,Buoncristiani JF

更新日期：1994-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work on the consequences of regression to the mean for the interpretation of responses to treatment is extended to the situation where the response measured is the proportional change in some variable. Methods for correcting for the bias are discussed. ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Curnow RN

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) using social/sexual mixing models, one must have quantitative information about sexual mixing. An unavoidable complication in gathering such information by survey is that members of the surveyed population will almost certainly have sexual contacts outside th...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Rubin G,Umbach D,Shyu SF,Castillo-Chavez C

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This article deals with determination of a sample size that guarantees the success of a trial. We follow a Bayesian approach and we say an experiment is successful if it yields a large posterior probability that an unknown parameter of interest (an unknown treatment effect or an effects-difference) is greater than a c...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Brutti P,De Santis F,Gubbiotti S

更新日期：2008-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Among subjects who have experienced a biological event, such as menarche, menopause or a delivery, one cannot distinguish the effects of time since the event from age at the event due to the linear dependency among these time variables and age at study ('current age'). This is a well-known problem that also exists in ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hsieh CC,Lan SJ

更新日期：1996-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In the analysis of composite endpoints in a clinical trial, time to first event analysis techniques such as the logrank test and Cox proportional hazard test do not take into account the multiplicity, importance, and the severity of events in the composite endpoint. Several generalized pairwise comparison analysis met...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Verbeeck J,Spitzer E,de Vries T,van Es GA,Anderson WN,Van Mieghem NM,Leon MB,Molenberghs G,Tijssen J

更新日期：2019-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Omitted variable bias is discussed in the context of linear models. It is shown that the effect of omitted variables can be controlled in linear models for metric dependent variables by using data from follow-up studies. Two different models for analysing such data are proposed. In the first model the omitted variable...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Rehm J,Arminger G,Kohlmeier L

更新日期：1992-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the frequentist paradigm has been the predominant approach to clinical trial design since the 1940s, it has several notable limitations. Advancements in computational algorithms and computer hardware have greatly enhanced the alternative Bayesian paradigm. Compared with its frequentist counterpart, the Bayesi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lee JJ,Chu CT

更新日期：2012-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We analyse the effect of using prevalence rates based on populations with different sizes in the power of spatial independence tests. We compare the well known spatial correlation Moran's index to three indexes obtained after adjusting for population density, one proposed by Oden, another proposed by Waldhör, and a th...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Assunção RM,Reis EA

更新日期：1999-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Small but important therapeutic effects of new treatments can be most efficiently detected through the study of large randomized prospective series of patients. Such large scale clinical trials are nowadays commonplace. The alternative is years of polemic and debate surrounding several trials each too small to detect ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： McPherson K

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To update the British growth reference, anthropometric data for weight, height, body mass index (weight/height2) and head circumference from 17 distinct surveys representative of England, Scotland and Wales (37,700 children, age range 23 weeks gestation to 23 years) were analysed by maximum penalized likelihood using ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cole TJ,Freeman JV,Preece MA

更新日期：1998-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Piecewise constant incidence models were developed to estimate the force of infection in women from age- and time-specific antenatal or neonatal seroprevalence data. Differential inclusion of infected women in sero-surveys compared to uninfected women was taken into account, with respect to both changes in inclusion r...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ades AE,Medley GF

更新日期：1994-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparison of two hazard rate functions is important for evaluating treatment effect in studies concerning times to some important events. In practice, it may happen that the two hazard rate functions cross each other at one or more unknown time points, representing temporal changes of the treatment effect. Also, besi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Park KY,Qiu P

更新日期：2014-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:It is naive and incorrect to use the proportions of successful operations to compare the performance of surgeons because the patients' risk profiles are different. In this paper, we explore the use of risk-adjusted procedures to compare the performance of surgeons. One such risk-adjusted statistic is the standardized ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Tang X,Gan FF

更新日期：2017-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Although prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia are major health problems in U.S. men, little is known about the early stages of the natural history of prostate disease. A molecular biomarker called prostate specific antigen (PSA), together with a unique longitudinal bank of frozen serum, now allows a histor...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Pearson JD,Morrell CH,Landis PK,Carter HB,Brant LJ

更新日期：1994-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Selection of dose for cancer patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) must balance the increased efficacy with the increased toxicity associated with higher dose. Historically, a single dose has been selected for a population of patients (e.g., all stage III non-small cell lung cancer). However, the availability o...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Schipper MJ,Taylor JM,TenHaken R,Matuzak MM,Kong FM,Lawrence TS

更新日期：2014-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We present graphical and numerical methods for assessing the adequacy of the logistic regression model for stratified case-control data. The proposed methods are derived from the cumulative sum of residuals over the covariate or linear predictor. Under the assumed model, the cumulative residual process converges weakl...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Arbogast PG,Lin DY

更新日期：2005-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:When investigating health disparities, it can be of interest to explore whether adjustment for socioeconomic factors at the neighborhood level can account for, or even reverse, an unadjusted difference. Recently, we proposed new methods to adjust the effect of an individual-level covariate for confounding by unmeasure...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Brumback BA,Zheng HW,Dailey AB

更新日期：2013-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We point out that the conventional methods for ties correction may be seriously biased when censoring times depend on covariates. A simple modification to the Efron correction method is suggested which works remarkably well in simulation studies. The method corresponds closely to breaking ties by random ordering. The ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Samuelsen SO,Wisløff TF,Skrondal A

更新日期：2005-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last decade or so, pharmaceutical drug development activities in the area of new antibacterial drugs for treating serious bacterial diseases have declined, and at the same time, there are worries that the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, especially the increase in drug-resistan...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Huque MF,Valappil T,Soon GG

更新日期：2014-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Some clinical trials aim to demonstrate therapeutic equivalence on multiple primary endpoints. For example, therapeutic equivalence studies of agents for the treatment of osteoarthritis use several primary endpoints including investigator's global assessment of disease activity, patient's global assessment of response...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Quan H,Bolognese J,Yuan W

更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00