Abstract:
:The recently discovered hepatitis G virus (HGV) or GB virus C (GBV-C) is widely distributed in human populations, and homologues such as HGV/GBV-CCPZ and GBV-A are found in a variety of different primate species. Both epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis that GB viruses coevolved with their primate hosts, although their degree of sequence similarity appears incompatible with the high rate of sequence change of HGV/GBV-C over short observation periods. Comparison of complete coding sequences (8,500 bases) of different genotypes of HGV/GBV-C showed an excess of invariant synonymous sites (at 23% of all codons) compared with the frequency expected by chance (10%). To investigate the hypothesis that RNA secondary-structure formation through internal base pairing limited sequence variability at these sites, an algorithm was developed to detect covariant sites among HGV/GBV-C sequences of different genotypes. At least 35 covariant sites that were spatially associated with potential stem-loop structures were detected, whose positions correlated with positions in the genome that showed reductions in synonymous variability. Although the functional roles of the predicted secondary structures remain unclear, the restriction of sequence change imposed by secondary-structure formation provides a mechanism for differences in net rate of accumulation of nucleotide substitutions at different sites. However, the resulting disparity between short- and long-term rates of sequence change of HGV/GBV-C violates the assumptions of the "molecular clock." This places a major restriction on the use of nucleotide or amino acid sequence comparisons to calculate times of divergence of other viruses evolving under the same structural constraints as GB viruses.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Simmonds P,Smith DBdoi
10.1128/JVI.73.7.5787-5794.1999subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-07-01 00:00:00pages
5787-94issue
7eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA tumor viruses that are the causative agent of warts and are associated with many anogenital cancers. The viral gene encoding the E6 protein has been found to be involved in HPV oncogenesis. E6 is known to inactivate the cellular tumor suppressor, p53. In addition, E6 has bee...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.24.13039-13048.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, yet host factors that restrict NoV replication are not well understood. Here, we use a CRISPR activation genome-wide screening to identify host genes that can inhibit murine norovirus (MNoV) replication in human cells. Our screens identified with hig...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01324-18
更新日期:2018-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Rigid amphipathic fusion inhibitors (RAFIs) are lipophilic inverted-cone-shaped molecules thought to antagonize the membrane curvature transitions that occur during virus-cell fusion and are broad-spectrum antivirals against enveloped viruses (Broad-SAVE). Here, we show that RAFIs act like membrane-binding photosensit...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02907-13
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro assay was developed to investigate endonuclease activity of Thogoto virus, a tick-borne orthomyxovirus. Endonuclease activity relied on an interaction between the 3' and 5' termini of virion RNA (vRNA) and not those of cRNA. Evidence was obtained that cap structures are cleaved directly from cap donors and...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.3.2305-2309.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The E2 gene products of papillomavirus play key roles in viral replication, both as regulators of viral transcription and as auxiliary factors that act with E1 in viral DNA replication. We have carried out a detailed structure-function analysis of conserved amino acids within the N-terminal domain of the human papillo...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.3.1602-1611.1996
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) genomes are associated with the repressive heterochromatic marks H3K9me2/me3 and H3K27me3 during latency. Previous studies have demonstrated that inhibitors of H3K9me2/me3 histone demethylases reduce the ability of HSV-1 to reactivate from latency. Here we demonstrate that GSK-J4, a spec...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03052-14
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular annexin II has been shown to specifically bind human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and be a component of highly purified virions. In this report, we characterize the interaction of annexin II with HCMV. We found that the binding of annexin II to the HCMV envelope occurs partially through the calcium-dependent phosph...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.12.9803-9807.1997
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations critical for the central nervous system (CNS) attenuation of the Sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus (PV) are located within the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We examined the interaction of the IRESs of PV type 3 (PV3) and Sabin type 3 (Sabin3) with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) and...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.20.11097-11107.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses can induce progressive neurologic disorders associated with diverse pathological manifestations, and therefore, viral infection of the brain can impair differentiated neural functions, depending on the initial viral tropism. We have previously reported that canine distemper virus (CDV) targets certain mouse br...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.9.7317-7327.1999
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the genital tract is common; however, only about 10 to 15% of infections persist, and approximately 10 to 15% of these persistent infections result in cancer. Basal epidermal stem cells are the presumed target cells for HPV infection, providing a reservoir of latently infected c...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00331-18
更新日期:2018-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Small amounts of infectious simian virus 40 (SV40) were recovered from parental cultures of SV40-transformed human embryonic lung (WI38 Va13A) cells, from 12 primary clones, from 17 secondary clones, and from 18 tertiary clones. The cloning experiments demonstrated that the capacity for spontaneous virus production is...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.8.4.430-436.1971
更新日期:1971-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small aggregates of viral antigen were encountered in the nuclear matrix. The capsids did not tag with antibodies specific for the virus or for the host cell. This observation remains unexplained. Nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes, as well as the envelope of the virus, reacted with both types of antibodies and appear,...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.2.10.1172-1184.1968
更新日期:1968-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the search for effective immunologic interventions to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection, standardized reference reagents are a cost-effective way to maintain robustness and reproducibility among immunological assays. To support planned and ongoing studies where clade C predominates, here we describe three virus pan...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00991-17
更新日期:2017-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Replication of the plus-stranded RNA genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in a membrane-bound replication complex consisting of viral and cellular proteins and viral RNA. NS5B, the RNA polymerase of HCV, is anchored to the membranes via a C-terminal 20-amino-acid-long hydrophobic domain, which is flanked on each s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02072-05
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The src genes of different Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) strains have been reported to be highly conserved by some investigators using RNA-cDNA hybridization, whereas others using oligonucleotide, peptide, and serological analyses have judged src genes to be variable in 30 to 50% of the respective markers. Moreover, distin...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.39.3.758-776.1981
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an essential adaptor protein in the Toll-like receptor-mediated innate signaling pathway, as well as in interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) and IL-18R signaling. The importance of MyD88 in the regulation of innate immunity to microbial pathogens has been well demonstrated. Howev...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01770-08
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homologous recombination is an important biological process that facilitates genome rearrangement and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The induction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic replication induces ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage checkpoint signaling, leading to the clustering o...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00049-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonglucosylated T6 phage (T6gtam 16am30, hereafter called T6alpha gt-) were found to have two structural anomalies when compared with wild-type T6. The DNA of T6alpha gt- phage contains single-strand interruptions. These can be seen both during infection, in the pool of replicating DNA, and in DNA extracted from purif...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.15.4.776-784.1975
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded small RNA molecules that regulate various cellular processes. miRNA 155 (miR-155) regulates various aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses and plays a key role in various viral infections and the resulting neuroinflammation. The present study evaluated the invo...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02979-13
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitogenic activities of simian virus 40 large T and small t antigens were studied in serum-deprived human diploid fibroblasts. Wild-type large T and small t cooperated in stimulating DNA synthesis and in inducing hyperphosphorylation of the Rb gene product (pRb). In contrast, a T antigen mutant defective for pRb bindi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.6.3724-3732.1994
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-activator tat protein were characterized. The anti-tat MAbs were mapped to the different domains of the tat protein by Western blot (immunoblot) and Pepscan analyses. One-half of the MAbs tested mapped to the amino-terminal...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.2.962-965.1990
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulatory T (T(R)) cells maintain tolerance to self-antigens and control immune responses to alloantigens after organ transplantation. Here, we show that CD4(+) CD25(+) human T(R) cells suppress virus-specific T-cell responses. Depletion of T(R) cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhances T-cell responses ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.78.5.2454-2459.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::PEPSCAN analysis has been used to characterize the immunogenic regions of the capsid protein (CP) in virions of plum pox potyvirus (PPV). In addition to the well-known highly immunogenic N- and C-terminal domains of CP, regions within the core domain of the protein have also shown high immunogenicity. Moreover, the N ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.24.12646-12653.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein plays a critical role in parainfluenza virus replication. We recently found that in addition to the catalytic binding site, HN of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) may have a second receptor-binding site covered by an N-linked glycan at residue 173, which is ne...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02331-09
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We characterized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins (Env) isolated from two HIV-1-infected CCR5delta32 homozygotes. Envs from both subjects used CCR5 and CXCR4 for entry into transfected cells. Most R5X4 Envs were lymphocyte-tropic and used CXCR4 exclusively for entry into peripheral bl...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3684-3691.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Rep78 and Rep68 proteins of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) are multifunctional proteins which are required for viral replication, regulation of AAV promoters, and preferential integration of the AAV genome into a region of human chromosome 19. These proteins bind the hairpin structures formed by the AAV inver...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.3.2084-2093.1999
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multistranded and double-stranded RNAs synthesized in HeLa cells infected with rhinovirus in the presence and in the absence of actinomycin D have been characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and hybridization studies. The replicative form is only found in infected cells treated with actinomycin D, whe...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.18.3.926-932.1976
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The C-terminal half of the replicase ORF1a polyprotein of the arterivirus equine arteritis virus is processed by a chymotrypsinlike serine protease (SP) (E. J. Snijder et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271:4864-4871, 1996) located in nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4). Three probable SP cleavage sites had previously been identified ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.12.9313-9322.1997
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies with simian virus 40-transformed mouse 3T3 cells which are temperature sensitive for the expression of the transformed phenotype (ts SV3T3 cells) have shown that T-antigen expression and viral DNA transcription are under cell cycle control. Using these ts SV3T3 cells, we studied the expression of the ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.30.3.711-719.1979
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Half of the world's population is exposed to the risk of dengue virus infection. Although a vaccine for dengue virus is now available in a few countries, its reported overall efficacy of about 60% is not ideal. Protective immune correlates following natural dengue virus infection remain undefined, which makes it diffi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01096-16
更新日期:2016-11-28 00:00:00