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Preventing transmission of blood-borne pathogens: a compelling argument for effective device-selection strategies.

Abstract：

:Disease transmission from percutaneous injury occurs in 2% to 40% of health care workers (HCWs) after exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), in 3% to 10% after exposure to the hepatitis C (HCV) virus, and in 0.2% to 0.5% after exposure to the HIV virus. According to a recently published case-control study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the following factors increase the risk of HIV seroconversion in HCWs after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood: deep injury, visible blood on the device, procedures involving needle placement directly into a vein or artery, and terminal AIDS in the source patient. Postexposure use of zidovudine by HCWs appears to reduce the risk of HIV transmission by 79%. Institutions seeking to reduce the risk of HCW seroconversion should conduct analyses of specific tasks associated with these high-risk factors, and safety interventions should be installed when tasks and devices increase the risk of seroconversion. Although this type of outcome-based strategy may not significantly reduce the total number of needlestick injuries, reducing high-risk exposures minimizes disease transmission and maximizes the cost-effectiveness of the intervention.

journal_name

Am J Infect Control

journal_title

American journal of infection control

authors

Culver J

doi

10.1016/s0196-6553(97)90094-8

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1997-10-01 00:00:00

pages

430-3

issue

5

eissn

0196-6553

issn

1527-3296

pii

S0196-6553(97)90094-8

journal_volume

25

pub_type

杂志文章,评审

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