Abstract：
:The treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly complicated by the ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents are often categorized according to their principal mechanism of action. Mechanisms include interference with cell wall synthesis (eg, beta-lactams and glycopeptide agents), inhibition of protein synthesis (macrolides and tetracyclines), interference with nucleic acid synthesis (fluoroquinolones and rifampin), inhibition of a metabolic pathway (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and disruption of bacterial membrane structure (polymyxins and daptomycin). Bacteria may be intrinsically resistant to > or =1 class of antimicrobial agents, or may acquire resistance by de novo mutation or via the acquisition of resistance genes from other organisms. Acquired resistance genes may enable a bacterium to produce enzymes that destroy the antibacterial drug, to express efflux systems that prevent the drug from reaching its intracellular target, to modify the drug's target site, or to produce an alternative metabolic pathway that bypasses the action of the drug. Acquisition of new genetic material by antimicrobial-susceptible bacteria from resistant strains of bacteria may occur through conjugation, transformation, or transduction, with transposons often facilitating the incorporation of the multiple resistance genes into the host's genome or plasmids. Use of antibacterial agents creates selective pressure for the emergence of resistant strains. Herein 3 case histories-one involving Escherichia coli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, another focusing on the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and a third detailing multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-are reviewed to illustrate the varied ways in which resistant bacteria develop.
journal_name
Am J Infect Controljournal_title
American journal of infection controlauthors
Tenover FCdoi
10.1016/j.ajic.2006.05.219subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-06-01 00:00:00pages
S3-10; discussion S64-73issue
5 Suppl 1eissn
0196-6553issn
1527-3296pii
S0196-6553(06)00836-4journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Scabies is a dermatologic infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. In industrialized countries, hospitals and other health structures can sometimes be hit. The optimal management of scabies outbreaks still has to be established, mass prophylaxis being one possible option. METHODS:To identify the optimal app...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2013.10.006
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study examines how well regulations for bloodborne pathogens (BBPs), established primarily to reduce exposure risk for health care workers, are being followed by workers and employers in the tattooing and body piercing industry. METHOD:Twelve shops performing tattooing and/or body piercing (body art) i...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2009.07.008
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A monthly follow-up evaluation of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus-colonized patients conducted during an outbreak in France revealed that carriage can persist for an extended period. Recurrence was observed despite as many as 3 negative cultures. As a result, we propose another definition for VRE clearance. ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2010.07.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research has substantiated that animals improve human health, both psychologically and physiologically. Therefore, healthcare facilities have begun to implement programs, such as the "Furry Friends Foundation," that bring animals into the facility to improve the quality of life of patients. When implementing these pro...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2005.06.005
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) is an important nosocomial pathogen associated with significant morbidity and mortality. METHODS:We conducted a prospective cohort study of intensive care unit patients colonized or infected with MDR-AB at a tertiary care hospital from October 2008 ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2010.09.005
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The validity of self-reported varicella history and cost-effectiveness of a prevaccination screening strategy have not been examined among health care workers (HCWs) living in Korea. METHODS:We investigated varicella-zoster virus immunity of all HCWs in high-risk departments. To determine the history of var...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2014.05.013
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of infectious antibiotic resistant diarrhea. C. difficile spores are shed in patient stool, are hearty and difficult to kill. Bedpans are often used by patients with C. difficile infections and require proper handling and cleaning or disposal to prevent the transmiss...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2019.11.028
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgical site infections after joint arthroplasty are devastating complications and are influenced by patient, surgical, and operating room environmental factors. METHODS:In an effort to reduce the incidence of door openings (DOs) during total joint arthroplasty cases, this prospective observational study c...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2017.12.019
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are common nosocomial infections. In 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services began imposing financial penalties for institutions where CAUTI rates are higher than predicted. However, the surveillance definition for CAUTI is not a clinical dia...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2017.11.032
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Many hand hygiene (HH) programs have been implemented across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); however, most of these have been in large, referral hospitals. Our objective was to assess the impact of HH programs aimed at improving compliance at a rural hospital, and to identify unique challenges to HH sustainability...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2017.04.006
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our descriptive analyses show a wide distribution in rates of central line device days and central line-associated bloodstream infections for a given standardized infection ratio-the measure linked to federal payment penalties-among 215 US hospitals serving highly complex patient populations. We established that the s...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2018.12.001
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The COVID-19 outbreak has gravely impacted the physical and psychological health of people. As the outbreak is ongoing, it is crucial to equip the emergency healthcare workers (HCWs) to be medically and psychologically prepared. OBJECTIVE:To examine the psychological impact of COVID-19 on emergency HCWs and...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.214
更新日期：2020-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Surgical instrument trays are wrapped for sterilization, and these wraps are inspected by operating room personnel for defects before using the instruments. In this study, we intentionally damaged wraps, and these wraps were evaluated by operating room personnel. Examiners correctly identified a wrapper's sterile inte...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2017.11.031
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Health care worker (HCW) vaccination was critical to protecting HCW during the H1N1 pandemic. However, vaccine uptake rates fell below recommended targets. This study examined motivators and barriers influencing HCW pH1N1 vaccination to identify modifiable factors that can improve influenza vaccine uptake. ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2013.01.014
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial pneumonia that develops in patients on mechanical ventilation for >or=48 hours. VAP develops at an estimated rate of 1% to 3% per day of mechanical ventilation. METHODS:Quality improvement project. Mechanically ventilated patients received the following ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2008.12.007
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Recommendations by most national advisory committees on immunization include evaluating all pregnant women for chronic hepatitis B virus infection and immunity to rubella. It is recommended that all pregnant women be screened for hepatitis B surface antigen during an early prenatal visit and that rubella vacc...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mic.2000.109886
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article contains guidelines for selection and design of audiovisual materials pertinent to the teaching of infection control. Clarity, rate of presentation, and color are emphasized because they may correlate directly with effective presentation and learner comprehension. The use of audiovisual programs may cut p...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(84)90066-x
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health security. We assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices in regard to antibiotic prescribing and resistance in Cambodian physicians from public hospitals. METHODS:A cross-sectional knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey was distributed to physicians fr...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.062
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Philadelphia's rate of malpractice filings per population is just over double the national median. Plaintiffs prevail in 44% of verdicts in Philadelphia compared with 20% for all US jury verdicts, with 24% of awarded verdicts in excess of $1 million. OBJECTIVE:To determine patient and procedure demographic ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2005.03.005
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common healthcare-acquired condition. The attributable cost of CAUTIs is frequently cited to be approximately $1,000. However, there is a paucity of recent literature that confirms this estimate. The purpose of this study was to perform a sys...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2018.01.015
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:ICD-9-CM coding alone has been proposed as a method of surveillance for health care-associated infections (HAIs). The accuracy of this method, however, relative to accepted infection control criteria is not known. METHODS:Retrospective analysis of patients at an academic medical center in 2005 who underwent...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2008.01.004
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The holistic principles of hygiene and public health have contributed substantially to an increase in life expectancy by more than 30 years and in life quality since the beginning of the 20th century. Frank, Pettenkofer, Nightingale, Pasteur, Lister, and Koch have been pioneering protagonists of the holistic approach ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mic.2001.115680
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Nosocomial infection may contribute to poor long-term consequences in persons who have spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI&D). METHODS:This is a cohort study of individuals who had SCI&D and were hospitalized at least once during 2002. They were followed for 3 years to assess inpatient (IP) admissions, ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2006.08.012
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent data demonstrate that the contaminated hospital surface environment plays a key role in the transmission of Clostridium difficile. Enhanced environmental cleaning of rooms housing Clostridium difficile-infected patients is warranted, and, if additional studies demonstrate a benefit of "no-touch" methods (eg, ul...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2012.12.009
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Valid data are a crucial aspect of infection prevention and control programs. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of routine reporting in the Iranian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System in intensive care units. METHODS:A blinded retrospective review of general intensive care unit medical ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2018.12.028
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The predominant form of life for the majority of microorganisms in any hydrated biologic system is a cooperative community termed a "biofilm." A biofilm on an indwelling urinary catheter consists of adherent microorganisms, their extracellular products, and host components deposited on the catheter. The biofilm mode o...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2003.08.005
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We previously published a formula to estimate the number of hand hygiene opportunities (HHOs) per patient-day using the World Health Organization's "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene" methodology (HOW2 Benchmark Study). HHOs can be used as a denominator for calculating hand hygiene compliance rates when product ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2014.02.020
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To gain further insights into health care workers (HCWs) attitudes toward influenza vaccination to guide future interventions to increase vaccination rates. METHODS:A standardized anonymous questionnaire was sent to all employees of the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland following the influenza season 2...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2020.02.004
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Influenza vaccination among health care personnel (HCP) is a key measure to prevent influenza infection and transmission in health care settings. This study described influenza vaccination coverage among employees in various health care settings in California and examined factors associated with HCP influenz...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2012.10.014
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hand cleanliness is important in hospital infection control, but skin irritation from frequent alcohol-based hand rub use reduces compliance. We have compared a new copper biocide/Aloe vera-based biocidal hand rub (Xgel) with 7 commercially available hand rubs. METHODS:Hand rubs were cultured with human ski...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2008.09.011
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
