Abstract:
:Cytokines are a heterogenous group of polypeptide mediators that have been associated with activation of numerous functions, including the immune system and inflammatory responses. The cytokine families include, but are not limited to, interleukins (IL-I alpha, IL-I beta, ILIra and IL-2-IL-15), chemokines (IL-8/ NAP-I, NAP-2, MIP-I alpha and beta, MCAF/MCP-1, MGSA and RANTES), tumor necrosis factors (TNF-alpha and TNF-beta), interferons (INF-alpha, beta and gamma), colony stimulating factors (G-CSF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3 and some of the other ILs), growth factors (EGF, FGF, PDGF, TGF alpha, TGF beta and ECGF), neuropoietins (LIF, CNTF, OM and IL-6), and neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, NT-3-NT-6 and GDNF). The neurotrophins represent a family of survival and differentiation factors that exert profound effects in the central and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The neurotrophins are currently under investigation as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and nerve injury either individually or in combination with other trophic factors such as ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Responsiveness of neurons to a given neurotrophin is governed by the expression of two classes of cell surface receptor. For nerve growth factor (NGF), these are p75NTR (p75) and p140trk (referred to as trk or trkA), which binds both BDNF and neurotrophin (NT)-4/5, and trkC receptor, which binds only NT-3. After binding ligand, the neurotrophin-receptor complex is internalized and retrogradely transported in the axon to the soma. Both receptors undergo ligand-induced dimerization, which activates multiple signal transduction pathways. These include the ras-dependent pathway utilized by trk to mediate neurotrophin effects such as survival and differentiation. Indeed, cellular diversity in the nervous system evolves from the concerted processes of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, and synapse formation. Neural adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules have been shown to play crucial roles in axonal migration, guidance, and growth cone targeting. Proinflammatory cytokines, released by activated macrophages and monocytes during infection, can act on neural targets that control thermogenesis, behavior, and mood. In addition to induction of fever, cytokines induce other biological functions associated with the acute phase response, including hypophagia and sleep. Cytokine production has been detected within the central nervous system as a result of brain injury, following stab wound to the brain, during viral and bacterial infections (AIDS and meningitis), and in neurodegenerative processes (multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease). Novel cytokine therapies, such as anticytokine antibodies or specific receptor antagonists acting on the cytokine network may provide an optimistic feature for treatment of multiple sclerosis and other diseases in which cytokines have been implicated.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Ebadi M,Bashir RM,Heidrick ML,Hamada FM,Refaey HE,Hamed A,Helal G,Baxi MD,Cerutis DR,Lassi NKdoi
10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00071-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-04-01 00:00:00pages
347-74issue
4-5eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The effects of cholesterol oxides on regular and neuronal PC12 cells were examined. Among the cholesterol oxides tested, 7-beta-, 22(R)- and 25-OH-cholesterol were very toxic to regular PC12 cells such that approximately 80% of cells were killed after a 3 day incubation with 20 micrograms/ml (50 microM) of these agent...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00020-x
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guanylate cyclase in the membrane fraction of rod outer segments (ROS-membrane) from the frog retina showed an extremely high activity but had no responsiveness to NaN(3) (+catalase), nitrosoguanidine or superoxide dismutase. These compounds, however, markedly activated the enzyme in a soluble fraction from the retina...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(82)90006-7
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A significant loss of dopamine was found in rat striatal slices incubated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) at a concentration of 2 microM or higher. The addition of 7-nitroindazole, a specific inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), prevented this effect on dopamine when the concentration of MPP...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(05)80006-3
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric condition that reaches around 1% of people worldwide. Because taurine exerts a neuroprotective role in the brain, this molecule is a promising candidate to reduce schizophrenia-like symptoms. Here, we investigated a possible neuroprotective role of taurine against MK-801-induced mem...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104710
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abstract::Ras homolog enriched in the brain (Rheb) is a homolog of Ras GTPase that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and cell cycle via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Recently, it has been confirmed that Rheb activation not only promotes cellular proliferation and differentiation but also enhances cellular apoptosis ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2013.01.025
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electroacupuncture has been shown to induce a preconditioning effect in the brain. The mechanisms for this protection are not fully elucidated. We hypothesize that this protection is mediated by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) that have been shown to be neuroprotective. To test this hypothesis, two-month ol...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2013.06.017
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased neurosteroids with allosteric modulatory activity on GABA(A) receptors such as 3α-5α tertrahydroprogesterone; allopregnanolone (ALLO), are candidates to explain the phenomenon of "increased GABAergic tone" in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, it is not known how changes of other GABA(A) receptor modulato...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.03.020
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroinflammation is believed to play an important role in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Growing evidence suggests that n-3 PUFA have protective effects by inhibiting inflammatory processes including synthesis of eicosanoids from arachidonic acid. There is also some evidence suggesting that i...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2009.12.022
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cancer-related cause of death in children and adolescents in the United States, affecting on average 1 in 2000 children per year. Recent advances in cancer genomics have led to profound discoveries about the underlying molecular biology and ontogeny of these tumors. In particular...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104940
更新日期:2020-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2014.04.011
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentrations of histamine reported vary considerably from species to species. The present studies sought to determine if blood sampling techniques were at least in part responsible for this large variability. Since plasma catecholamines are influenced by the stress associated with blood sampling, these biogenic ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(85)90171-8
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroinflammation is an important factor contributing to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ischemic injury, and multiple sclerosis (MS). These diseases are characterized by inexorable progressive injur...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104714
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has arisen considerable interest in the study of dopamine D(2/3) agonist binding sites by positron emission tomography (PET), based on the claim that agonist sites represent a functional subset of the total number of sites labeled by more conventional antagonist ligands. To test the basis of this claim, we used ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.01.010
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual analysis of synaptic terminals calcium responses, induced by dinucleotides pentaphosphate, Ap(5)A or Gp(5)G, demonstrates the presence of two main groups considering the concentration required for stimulation. The first group corresponds to those responding to Ap(5)A or Gp(5)G at nanomolar concentration, re...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.12.007
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the histoblot immunostaining of cryosections of whole hemispheres of healthy and Alzheimer diseased (AD) human brains by localizing a neuron-specific marker, the anti-neuronal nuclei (NeuN) antigen. As expected, cortical NeuN-immunopositive regions were generally thinne...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2008.09.002
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2003.09.008
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of oxidation of endogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and thiols as well as membrane cholesterol in isolated rat brain mitochondria were studied. Oxidation was induced by incubating the mitochondria at 37 degrees C with the free radical generators 2,2' azobis (2'-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)00147-m
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transmitter dopamine and the protein acetylcholinesterase are released within the substantia nigra from the dendrites of nigrostriatal neurons. These phenomena do not correspond to the familiar events involved in information transfer at the classic axons synapse. It is possible that both dopamine and acetylcholine...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(85)90136-6
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentrations of gamma-glutamylglutamate, gamma-glutamylglutamine, gamma-glutamylcysteine, glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, cyst(e)ine and glutathione (including disulfides) were determined by HPLC analysis of both the tissue and the surrounding medium of incubated rat hippocampal slices. High potassium concentra...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(95)00148-4
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(95)00048-d
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(95)00043-8
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) is a selective serotonergic neurotoxin by virtue of its selective uptake into 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons and its ability to undergo autoxidation. The mechanism by which 5,7-DHT induces neurodegenerative effects remains enigmatic. The mechanism of autoxidation of 5,7-DHT, which has be...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(88)90165-9
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epilepsy is a neurological disease recognized as the consequence of excessive neuronal excitability. Endocannabinoid system, the critical regulator of synaptic inhibition in brain, was supposed to be closely involved in epilepsy. Cannabinoid receptors mostly locate on presynaptic terminals of both excitatory and inhib...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104898
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axonal transport of tripeptidyl peptidase II, a putative cholecystokinin inactivating serine peptidase, was examined in the proximal, middle, and distal segments of rat sciatic nerves using a double ligation technique. Enzyme activity significantly increased not only in the proximal segment but also in the distal segm...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.08.010
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::D1 dopamine receptors have been localized using a radioactive form of a new specific antagonist, [3H]SCH39166. This compound has been shown, in in vitro binding studies, to be highly selective for the D1 receptor subtype; more so than its predecessor, [3H]SCH23390. These ligand binds saturably, reversibly and with hig...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(92)90224-f
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the effects of endothelins (ET-1 and ET-3) on ion transport systems expressed on cultured rat brain capillary endothelial cells (RBEC) and includes investigation of pharmacological properties of ET receptors, their reactivity and induction of signal transduction pathways. ET-1 stimulated IP3 form...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00018-1
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transglutaminase (TGase) activity is increased in affected regions of brains from patients with Huntington's disease (HD). TGase activity is particularly elevated in the nucleus compared with the cytoplasm from these brains. Gamma-glutaminyl-lysyl cross-links have been detected in nuclear inclusions in HD brain, indic...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00060-2
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agomelatine is a novel antidepressant with agonistic actions at melatonergic (MT1 and MT2 receptors) and antagonistic actions at 5HT-2C receptors. Venlafaxine, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is a widely prescribed drug in depression. The present study evaluated the low dose combinations of venlafaxine ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.008
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 undergoes morphological differentiation into neurone-like cells when exposed to nerve growth factor (NGF). We found that in PC12 cells the enzymatic activity of choline-acetyltransferase and of tyrosine hydroxylase changed very little during NGF exposure, while tyrosine hydroxyl...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(90)90142-g
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intense glucose-based energy metabolism and glutamate synthesis by astrocytes require malate-aspartate-shuttle (MAS) activity to regenerate NAD⁺ from NADH formed during glycolysis, since brain lacks significant glycerophosphate shuttle activity. Aralar is a necessary aspartate/glutamate exchanger for MAS function in b...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.09.009
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00