Abstract：
:Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cancer-related cause of death in children and adolescents in the United States, affecting on average 1 in 2000 children per year. Recent advances in cancer genomics have led to profound discoveries about the underlying molecular biology and ontogeny of these tumors. In particular, these studies have revealed epigenetic dysregulation to be one of the main hallmarks of pediatric brain tumorigenesis. In this review, we will highlight a number of important recent findings about the nature of this dysregulation in different types of pediatric brain tumors as well as examine their implications for preclinical research and clinical practice. Specifically, we discuss the emergence of methylation signatures as tools for tumor stratification/classification while also highlighting the importance of mutations that directly affect the epigenome and clarifying their impact on risk stratification and pediatric brain tumor biology. We then incorporate recent advances in our understanding of pediatric brain tumor cellular architecture and emphasize the link between epigenetic dysregulation and the "stalled" development seen in many of these malignant neoplasms. Lastly, we explore recentwork investigating the use of these mutated epigenomic regulators as therapeutic targets and extrapolate their utility in overcoming this "stalling" to halt tumor growth.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro G,Rota C,Hack OA,Segal R,Filbin MGdoi
10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104940subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-15 00:00:00pages
104940eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754pii
S0197-0186(20)30331-4journal_volume
144pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The formation of amyloid β-protein (1-42) (Aβ42) oligomers and Aβ42 oligomer cytotoxicity are two defining characteristics of the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we found that matrine (Mat) could maintain or even enhance the cytotrophic effect of Aβ42 monomers by inhibiting their aggregation and b...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104746
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) excitotoxicity was examined in cultured neocortical neurons using the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to measure cell viability. Neurons were exposed to AMPA at different culture periods during development o...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00130-7
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There were specific changes in the contents of cytoskeletal components and their organization during glioblast differentiation induced by glia maturation factor (GMF). Vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein increased in their contents, whereas actin did not. Tubulin was only a minor component of the glial cytosk...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(86)90067-7
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression is highly comorbid with anxiety disorders and associated with profound cognitive impairment. Moreover, cognitive deficits associated with hippocampal dysfunction are central in depression and anxiety disorders. Furthermore, depression is accompanied by glutamatergic dysfunction which can further impair the ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104605
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The developmental profiles of the neurotransmitter recognition site, labeled by [(3)H]muscimol, and of the two main modulatory sites, labeled by [(3)H]flunitrazepam and [ (35)S ]t- butylbicyclophosphorothionate , respectively, within the GABA(A) receptor complex, have been determined in chick tectal lobes between embr...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(87)90032-5
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, poor communication skills, and repetitive/restrictive behaviors. Elevated blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been reported in subjects with autism spectrum disorder. On the other hand, early childhood a...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.005
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study has been designed to establish the potential benefits from 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) treatment on brain disorders associated with type 1 diabetes. All experiments were carried out after 6 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (60 mg/kg of body weight, i.p.) in male Wistar rats treated for 5 weeks...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2009.10.004
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is a novel neurotransmitter. We studied here the effect of ACS 84, a new H(2)S releasing compound, on the cytotoxicity induced by amyloid beta (Aβ) in microglia. Treatment with Aβ(1-40) (25μmol/L) for 24h significantly inhibited MTT reduction and increased lactate dehydrogenase release in BV-2...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2011.01.023
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the peroxovanadium complex potassium bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)-oxovanadate (bpV[phen]) have been studied on dopamine (DA) exocytosis in PC12 cells. Bisperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)-oxovanadate does not elicit dopamine secretion in PC12 cells. However, treatment of PC12 cells with 30 microM bpV[phen] ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00093-6
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are found in the caudate-putamen (CPu), globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata; these structures were connected by a continuous band of ACE. In order to investigate whether ACE was associated with dopaminergic projections from the...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(87)90180-x
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the last few years, several attempts were made for the setting up of specific methodologies aiming to evaluate steroid contents directly in nervous tissues. The main objective of these attempts was to determine accurately changes intervening in endogenous neuroactive steroid levels during pathological situations. T...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.09.010
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrite therapy is more effective in cerebral ischemia when administered earlier. It would be beneficial during the hyperacute stages of stroke if the nitrite effect is demonstrated in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). When nitrite is injected intravenously 3h after ICH induction in rats, most doses of nitrite provided ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2011.05.018
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of aging and CDP-choline treatment (20 mg kg⁻¹ body weight i.p. for 28 days) on the maximal rates (V(max)) of representative mitochondrial enzyme activities related to Krebs' cycle (citrate synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase), glutamate and related amino acid metabolism (glutamate...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2012.10.009
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Guanidinosuccinate (GSA) and methylguanidine (MG) are endogenous, convulsant guanidino compounds which have been shown to be greatly increased in uremic patients. In the present study, we have investigated the age-related differences in convulsive action and cerebral uptake of these compounds in juvenile mice of 7, 14...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(94)90078-7
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accumulation of extracellular amyloid beta (Abeta42) both in brain and in cerebral vessels characterizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Recently, the possibility to functionalize nanoparticles (NPs) surface with Abeta42 binding molecules, making them suitable tools for reducing Abeta42 burden has been show...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.012
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The onset of attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) in childhood is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. A chronic deficit of serotonin (5-HT) at the synapse may trigger symptoms of ADHD. This review focuses on neuro-anatomical, experimental and ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2015.02.001
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While studies with [(3)H]D-aspartate ([(3)H]d-Asp) illustrate specific interactions with excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), new insights into the pharmacological characteristics and localization of specific EAAT subtypes depend upon the availability of novel ligands. One such ligand is [(3)H]-(2S,4R)-4-methyl...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.05.011
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Xenopus oocyte expression and recording system has allowed a detailed analysis of the physiology and pharmacology of neuronal ion channels including their sensitivity to ethanol. It is important however, to ascertain the effects of a particular drug on the channels inherently expressed by oocytes to ensure that dr...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(99)00097-2
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is substantial evidence that hyperammonemia is one of the main factors contributing to the neurological alterations found in hepatic encephalopathy. The mechanisms by which chronic moderate hyperammonemia affects brain function involves alterations in neurotransmission at different steps. This article reviews th...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(02)00030-x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are considered as a powerful tool for drug and chemical screening and development of new in vitro testing strategies in the field of toxicology, including neurotoxicity evaluation. These cells are able to expand and efficiently differentiate into different types of neurona...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.004
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Classical synaptic functions are important and suitable to relatively fast and discretely localized processes, but the nonclassical receptorial functions may be providing revolutionary possibilities for dealing at the cellular level with many of the more interesting and seemingly intractable features of neural and cer...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2003.11.016
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a well-established experimental model used to investigate the synaptic basis of learning and memory. LTP at mossy fibre - CA3 synapses in the hippocampus is unusual because it is normally N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-independent. Instead it seems that the trigger for mossy fibre...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.021
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholinergic neuroblastoma NS20Y cells were differentiated by the chicken gizzard extract. They were first inoculated into a glass culture bottle and the aggregated cells which grew in the suspension culture were collected. The aggregated cells (round and immature neuroblastoma cells) were seeded on a polyornithinecoat...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(82)90026-2
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin receptors from rat brain regions were studied for insulin binding and receptor associated kinase activity, in alloxan induced short-term and long-term diabetes, and insulin induced hypoglycemia. Insulin receptor activity was assessed by [125I]insulin binding, and basal as well as insulin stimulated kinase acti...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(92)90027-o
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pain states and epilepsies are common therapeutic targets of voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. Inhibition of sodium channels results in central muscle relaxant activity as well. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are also applied in the treatment of pain syndromes. Here, we investigate the pharmacody...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2006.12.008
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyskinesia is frequently seen in neurological disorders affecting the basal ganglia. Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) produces a somewhat similar motor syndrome in rodents, one that is a possible model for dyskinesia. Because in previous studies the compound (N-[2-hydroxy-3-(1-piperidinyl) propoxy]-3 pyridine-carboximidoyl...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(98)00058-8
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rapid administration of large doses of ammonia leads to death of animals, which is largely prevented by pretreatment with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. The present study focuses on a subunit(s) of NMDA receptor involved in ammonia-induced death by use of NMDA receptor GluRepsilon subunit-deficient ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(03)00124-4
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms associated with cognitive decline in post-menopausal state driven by loss of ovarian function and reduced estrogen levels are not well understood. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions in cognitive impairment in post-menopausal state and to evaluate the pr...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2014.04.011
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rat retinal ganglion cell (RGC) line RGC-5 constitutes a widely used model for studying physiological processes in retinal cells. In this paper we investigated the expression of clock and immediately early genes, and calcium mediated responses to physiological stimuli in differentiated and mitotically active RGC-5...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2010.05.013
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in the level of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA after partial mesodiencephalic hemitransection were evaluated in various regions of the rat brain by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry coupled with computer-assisted image analysis. On days 1 and 2 after the lesion, increased accumulation of ornithine de...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(91)90165-a
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
