Universal directly observed therapy. A treatment strategy for tuberculosis.

abstract：:Airway inflammation due to exposure to a wide variety of agents encountered in the workplace is a major cause of occupational asthma. This article reviews major examples of occupational asthma linked to airway inflammation, including their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical course. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Fine JM,Balmes JR

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The features of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease in exercise testing are described. In general, ventilatory limitation is the most common factor in lung disease. An early anaerobic threshold and a decreased VO2 mix in the absence of ventilatory limitation is the usual feature of severe heart disease. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kanarek DJ,Hand RW

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, a subset of patients diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had positive results on cellular biopsies (prominent lymphoplasmacytic inflammation), bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis, a clinical response to steroids, and a better long-term prognosis. On review of the lung histopathology, the ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kinder BW

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome has been noted for centuries, yet we still are trying to uncover the exact mechanisms behind the disease and best treatment modalities for patients afflicted by the condition. The syndrome, which results in symptoms based on a diverse spectrum of interactions between obesity, ventilato...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Iftikhar IH,Roland J

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and sinusitis are common infections encountered by the pulmonary specialist. Such conditions are usually treated with antibiotics, and their use requires an understanding of their pharmacokinetic properties as well as their antimicrobial spectrum and adverse side effects. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Segreti J,Trenholme GM

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonresolving pneumonia is a common and frequently misunderstood problem faced by the practicing pulmonologist. While radiographic resolution of most infections is relatively long and lags behind clinical signs of recovery, data suggest that a variety of host defense problems are a consequence of systemic illness and a...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Fein AM,Feinsilver SH,Niederman MS,Fiel S,Pai PB

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe asthma remains poorly understood and frustrating to treat, partly because it is a heterogeneous disease. Recent improvements in the definition of severe asthma have allowed better characterization of the phenotypes of severe asthma and the related physiologic and pathologic abnormalities. Early-onset severe ast...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Wenzel S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Early Goal-Directed Therapy versus Standard Care for Sepsis trial by Rivers and colleagues in 2001 suggested that a significant mortality reduction may be realized through goal-directed interventions early in the care of patients with septic shock. However, the recent publication of the Protocol-Based Care for Ear...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Henning DJ,Shapiro NI

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The psychosocial assessment of applicants to the Toronto Lung Transplant Program provides the team with a variety of information including coping style; adjustment to illness; presence and management of psychiatric disorders; ability to adhere to medical recommendations; and available social support. This information ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Craven JL,Bright J,Dear CL

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent events have underscored the importance of proper diagnosis and management of patients with inhalation injury. Clinicians who care for individuals who have sustained inhalation damage to their respiratory tract need to take a careful exposure history and be alert to possibilities of delayed effects and clinical ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Rabinowitz PM,Siegel MD

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The older adult demonstrates several alterations in the ventilatory response to exercise relative to the young adult. These differences are primarily caused by the aging-induced loss of elastic recoil of the lung, which reduces expiratory airflow rates along the effort-independent portion of the maximal volitional flo...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Johnson BD,Badr MS,Dempsey JA

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular dysfunction is a commonplace sequelum of sepsis and other systemic inflammatory conditions. Impaired energy production (related to mitochondrial inhibition, damage, and reduced protein turnover) appears to be a core mechanism underlying the development of organ dysfunction. The reduction in energy availabilit...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Singer M

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The combination of the unique pathologic features of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on biopsy, the progressive clinical course, and resistance to anti-inflammatory therapy constitutes the cardinal manifestations of what is termed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IFP)/usual interstitial pneumonia, and it has led to r...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Noble PW,Homer RJ

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal pneumonias cause unacceptable morbidity among patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The high incidence of fungal pneumonias in HM/HSCT populations arises from their frequently severe, complex, and persistent immune dysfunction caused by the...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Young AY,Leiva Juarez MM,Evans SE

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article gives a broad overview of the increasingly important applications of bronchoscopy, flexible (FOB) and rigid (RB), in a modern medical intensive care unit. Special emphasis is made to bronchoscopy use in mechanically ventilated patients. Therapies such as endobronchial stenting and Nd:YAG laser are being u...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Raoof S,Mehrishi S,Prakash UB

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent advances in our understanding of breathing in sleep include an evolution in the selection and surgical therapy of patients with the sleep apnea syndrome. Recent work suggests that shorter polysomnographic studies may be adequate for diagnostic purposes in many sleep apnea patients. It is now clear that cent...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kryger MH,White DP,Zwillich CW,Robinson RW,Guilleminault C

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, long-term complications of artificial airways are rare but important sequelae of artificial airways. Many of the potential long-term complications of translaryngeal intubation and tracheotomy are similar and overlapping. Although most patients who undergo these procedures tend to tolerate them without diff...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Sue RD,Susanto I

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemodynamic monitoring is a diagnostic tool. Because hemodynamic monitoring often requires invasive procedures, it can be associated with an increased incidence of untoward events. Like any diagnostic tool, its ability to improve outcome will be primarily related to the survival benefit enjoyed by specific therapies t...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Pinsky MR

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Available targeted therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension are capable only of slowing progression of the disease and a cure remains elusive. However with the improved understanding of the pulmonary vascular remodeling that characterizes the disease, there is optimism that the disconnect between preclinical and ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： O'Connell C,O'Callaghan DS,Humbert M

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood gas analyses are an essential part of modern patient care. Although all blood gas instruments have pH, PCO2, and PO2 electrodes based on the same principles, instruments in current use vary greatly in design, operator dependence, and accuracy. For the clinician to obtain accurate and timely results there must be...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Hansen JE

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary rehabilitation is an art of medical practice incorporating many therapeutic modalities with the goal of improving the patient's functional ability. The gains to be realized and the basis for improvement following pulmonary rehabilitation are detailed in this article. ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Make BJ

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several medications have been associated with the development of the BOOP lesion. Often, symptoms include nonproductive cough and shortness of breath with bilateral crackles by examination. Occasionally, there is fever and rash, and, rarely, eosinophilia. The chest radiograph usually shows bilateral patchy infiltrates...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Epler GR

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nasal CPAP is and should be the first-line treatment for OSA. Any physician who uses nasal CPAP undoubtedly recognizes that this treatment modality has limitations, however. The authors believe that surgery offers a viable alternative to nasal CPAP in patients who are intolerant of nasal CPAP. Potential risks and comp...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Li KK

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with MAC-PD and pre-existing lung disease are a distinct group from the more common and recently recognized group of predominantly middle- to older-aged women without pre-existing lung disease. Those with pre-existing disease are expected to have more sputum positivity and slower conversion of sputum with tre...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Aksamit TR

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), when used in combination with long-acting bronchodilators, reduce the risk of exacerbations and improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with bronchodilator or ICS therapy alone. Potential side effects of ICSs include ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Mkorombindo T,Dransfield MT

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last few years, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of action and resistance to antimycobacterials. To date, there is information about 11 genes involved in resistance in M. tuberculosis. This has prompted the development of novel tests for the rapid identification of res...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Telenti A

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past it was believed that respiratory disability could be objectively assessed by comparing the measured O2 consumption requirement of the job with the subjects' measured or estimated maximal oxygen consumption. More recently, it has become clear that this "classic" paradigm does not completely apply to all sit...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Harber P

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep-related breathing disorders are strongly associated with increased risk of stroke independent of known risk factors. The direction of causation favors sleep-disordered breathing leading to stroke rather than the other way around, although definitive proof of this awaits the results of prospective cohort studies....

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Yaggi H,Mohsenin V

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heart and lungs are intimately linked. Hence, impaired function of one organ may lead to changes in the other. Accordingly, heart failure is associated with airway obstruction, loss of lung volume, impaired gas exchange, and abnormal ventilatory control. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is an excellent tool for ev...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Cundrle I Jr,Olson LJ,Johnson BD

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medications can significantly increase weight loss compared with placebo in most trials. In general, patients can expect a weight loss of 8% to 10% from baseline provided they adhere to the weight-loss program and take medications regularly. All medications have side effects that need to be considered before initiatin...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Bray GA

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00