Abstract:
:Illicit drug users comprise a substantial and growing proportion of the HIV-infected population. Although they develop pulmonary complications common to all HIV transmission groups, they also have unique respiratory illnesses due to the direct effect of the illicit drugs on the lung. Bacterial infections, tuberculosis, and noninfectious complications all have a major effect on morbidity and mortality in this portion of the HIV-infected population.
journal_name
Clin Chest Medjournal_title
Clinics in chest medicineauthors
O'Donnell AEdoi
10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70348-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-12-01 00:00:00pages
797-807issue
4eissn
0272-5231issn
1557-8216pii
S0272-5231(05)70348-8journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Since last reviewed in this forum, there have been remarkable advances in our understanding of the acute inflammatory process and how it contributes to the development of ALI. As stated in the beginning of this article, it is not possible to even begin to review all the specific advances that have been made. Instead, ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70159-3
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of the unique pathologic features of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on biopsy, the progressive clinical course, and resistance to anti-inflammatory therapy constitutes the cardinal manifestations of what is termed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IFP)/usual interstitial pneumonia, and it has led to r...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2004.04.003
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood gas analyses are an essential part of modern patient care. Although all blood gas instruments have pH, PCO2, and PO2 electrodes based on the same principles, instruments in current use vary greatly in design, operator dependence, and accuracy. For the clinician to obtain accurate and timely results there must be...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article focuses primarily on the recent literature on abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and the definitions and recommendations published by the World Society for the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. The definitions regarding increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) are listed and are followed by an overview of...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2008.09.003
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Each year, a vast number of individuals are infected with the endemic fungi. An expanding population, along with further land development in endemic areas, will likely continue to place individuals at risk for exposure to these organisms. A high index of suspicion may be required to diagnose histoplasmosis, blastomyco...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70232-x
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The types of pulmonary arterial hypertension described here all focus attention on the changes produced in the lung's microcirculation, particularly the precapillary unit. Although one senses intuitively that obliteration of resistance arteries is an effective cause of hypertension, we emphasize that cell metaplasia a...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), when used in combination with long-acting bronchodilators, reduce the risk of exacerbations and improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with bronchodilator or ICS therapy alone. Potential side effects of ICSs include ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2020.05.006
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary hypertension is a frequently encountered problem in older patients. True idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension can also be seen and requires careful exclusion in older patients. Institution of therapies must be tempered with an appreciation of individual comorbidities and functional limitations that may...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2007.08.006
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors attempt to demonstrate those circumstances for which perfusion scintigraphy, by itself, or in combination with ventilation scintiscanning, offers the best adjunctive information in excluding or confirming the presence of pulmonary embolism. They then identify those circumstances in which scintiscanning doe...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease. In this time of globalization knowledge about leptospirosis is important. Although pulmonary involvement has an incidence varying from 20% to 70% and its exteriorization may vary from mild to severe, The severe form appears to be becoming more prevalent (at least in Brazil) and ma...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(01)00010-7
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This heterogeneous group of immunologic causes of pleural effusions includes connective tissue diseases, a syndrome related to tissue injury (postcardiac injury syndrome), a disease of unknown etiology (sarcoidosis), a malignancy, and adverse reactions to drugs. Except in rheumatoid pleurisy and lupus pleuritis, the p...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory viruses are common in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and a recognized cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiology, risk factors, and attributable mortality in both populations are reviewed. In addition, virus-specific prevention and treatment options, including...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2017.07.012
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Available targeted therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension are capable only of slowing progression of the disease and a cure remains elusive. However with the improved understanding of the pulmonary vascular remodeling that characterizes the disease, there is optimism that the disconnect between preclinical and ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2013.08.002
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia, it is essential to get initial empiric therapy correct; this is challenging because many patients are infected with multidrug-resistant pathogens. The need for achieving appropriate therapy can lead to broad-spectrum empiric therapy, which can represent antibiotic overus...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2011.05.009
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In summary, long-term complications of artificial airways are rare but important sequelae of artificial airways. Many of the potential long-term complications of translaryngeal intubation and tracheotomy are similar and overlapping. Although most patients who undergo these procedures tend to tolerate them without diff...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00048-0
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews aspects of mechanical ventilation in patients without lung injury, patients in the perioperative period, and those with neurologic injury or disease including spinal cord injury. Specific emphasis is placed on ventilator strategies, including timing and indications for tracheostomy. Lung protectiv...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.07.010
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most gravidas with asthma can be managed with an inhaled beta-adrenergic agonist (terbutaline or epinephrine) and beclomethasone dipropionate. The administration of prednisone to control exacerbation of asthma is appropriate and should not be withheld if current medications are inadequate. The outcome of pregnancy in ...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the performance of more endoscopic procedures and newly developed diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, a wealth of information around the actual procedure is created. To date, accepted guidelines for standardized documentation are lacking. The authors present recommendations for minimal guidelines that may help...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70051-4
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The description of organized thrombus in major pulmonary arteries can be found in autopsy reports dating back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Not until the 1950s was the antemortem diagnosis and clinical syndrome of chronic thrombotic obstruction of the major pulmonary arteries better characteriz...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2006.11.009
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco dependency syndrome is an organic disease caused by chronic use of inhaled tobacco smoke. It is occasionally controlled by willpower alone, but often requires pharmacotherapy in conjunction with various techniques to manage the psychological manifestations. The two effective drugs are bupropion, which is an or...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70018-6
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patient adherence to prescribed tuberculosis regimens must be assured to prevent relapse, acquired resistance, and transmission. Directly observed therapy (DOT), an outpatient management strategy designed to ensure adherence, is not widely used because it is perceived to be inordinately expensive. The primary focus of...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70365-8
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is well controlled in most developed countries and the focus in these areas has shifted to TB eradication. Transmission within nonendemic areas is limited and most cases of TB result from reactivation of distant (latent) infection. With adequate resources, wide-scale use of preventive th...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.08.012
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although they are complex, the pulmonary-renal syndromes can be readily understood and managed using a clinical approach firmly grounded in the fundamental pathophysiology of these disorders. Several important principles must be borne in mind. First, therapeutic intervention must be preceded by making as firm a diagno...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenic importance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in AIDS-associated pneumonitis is controversial. Uncertainty regarding the significance of CMV isolation from pulmonary secretions of AIDS patients results in part from the difficulty in distinguishing CMV infection from CMV disease and from the high frequen...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent advances in our understanding of breathing in sleep include an evolution in the selection and surgical therapy of patients with the sleep apnea syndrome. Recent work suggests that shorter polysomnographic studies may be adequate for diagnostic purposes in many sleep apnea patients. It is now clear that cent...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe asthma remains poorly understood and frustrating to treat, partly because it is a heterogeneous disease. Recent improvements in the definition of severe asthma have allowed better characterization of the phenotypes of severe asthma and the related physiologic and pathologic abnormalities. Early-onset severe ast...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2005.10.002
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of smoking cessation involves progression through five stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Most patients are not prepared to take action on their smoking, yet most smoking cessation programs are designed for smokers who are so prepared. Small percentages...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As recently as the 1992 Report of the American Thoracic Society Workshop on Lung Transplantation, no QOL facts were given and no knowledge gaps related to QOL outcomes were cited. Even at the present time, the information in that area is based on a relatively small set of preliminary reports. Current information indic...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70387-7
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with a favorable prognosis, high remission rate, and low mortality. Cardiac involvement alters this prognosis. Clinical manifestations most commonly include arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and congestive heart failure. Treatment includes immunosuppressant therapy, permanent pac...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2008.03.005
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several medications have been associated with the development of the BOOP lesion. Often, symptoms include nonproductive cough and shortness of breath with bilateral crackles by examination. Occasionally, there is fever and rash, and, rarely, eosinophilia. The chest radiograph usually shows bilateral patchy infiltrates...
journal_title:Clinics in chest medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0272-5231(03)00140-0
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00