Abstract:
:Xylitol is effective in preventing acute otitis media by inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. To clarify this inhibition we used fructose, which is known to block similar growth inhibition observed in Streptococcus mutans. In addition, we evaluated the efficacy of sorbitol in inhibiting the growth of pneumococci, as sorbitol is widely used for indications similar to those for which xylitol is used. The addition of 5% xylitol to the growth medium resulted in marked growth inhibition, an effect which was totally eliminated in the presence of 1, 2.5, or 5% fructose but not in the presence of 1 or 5% glucose, 1% galactose, or 1% sucrose. This finding implies that xylitol-induced inhibition of pneumococcal growth is mediated via the fructose phosphotransferase system in a way similar to that in which mutans group streptococcal growth is inhibited. The addition of sorbitol at concentrations of 1, 2.5, or 5% to the growth medium did not affect the growth of pneumococci and neither inhibited nor enhanced the xylitol-induced growth impairment. Thus, it seems that xylitol is the only commercially used sugar substitute proven to have an antimicrobial effect on pneumococci.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Tapiainen T,Kontiokari T,Sammalkivi L,Ikäheimo I,Koskela M,Uhari Mdoi
10.1128/AAC.45.1.166-169.2001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
166-9issue
1eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The aim of the study was to identify the plasmid-encoded factors contributing to the emergence and spread of epidemic IncI1-Iγ plasmids obtained from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates from animal and human reservoirs. For this, 251 IncI1-Iγ plasmids carrying various extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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doi:10.1128/aac.47.6.2018-2021.2003
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abstract::Staphylococcin 462 is a proteinaceous inhibitor produced by Staphylococcus aureus strain 462. In broth cultures, susceptible S. aureus strain 140 and 19 respond to treatment with the bacteriocin by stopping growth and cell division. Examination of macromolecular synthesis by measuring the incorporation of radioactive ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.7.1.74
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.30.2.234
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study summarizes the linezolid susceptibility testing results for 7,429 Gram-positive pathogens from 60 U.S. sites collected during the 2012 sampling year for the LEADER Program. Linezolid showed potent activity when tested against 2,980 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, inhibiting all but 3 at ≤2 μg/ml. Similarly,...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1128/AAC.02112-13
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abstract::The effect of the cephalosporin precursors and amino acids of the aspartic acid family on antibiotic production by Streptomyces clavuligerus was investigated DL-meso-Diaminopimelate and L-lysine each stimulated specific antibiotic production by 75%. A fourfold increase in specific production was obtained by simultaneo...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.21.1.74
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two components of virginiamycin, virginiamycin M (VM) and virginiamycin S (VS), were used to explore the life cycle of symbiosis-dependent and -independent strains of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus during multiplication in a two-membered system with either living or heat-inactivated Escherichia coli or in axenic cultu...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.9.1.179
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the potential for the induction of antimicrobial resistance following repeated subinhibitory exposures to the combination minocycline (MIN), rifampin (RIF), and chlorhexidine (CHX), a total of 29 clinical microbial pathogenic isolates were repeatedly exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of MIN, RIF, and C...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00040-19
更新日期:2019-04-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.20.3.356
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00533-15
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To compare the effects of four antimicrobial peptides (MUC7 12-mer, histatin 12-mer, cathelicidin KR20, and a peptide containing lactoferricin amino acids 1 to 11) on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we employed a genomewide fitness screen of combined collections of mutants with homozygous deletions of nonessential...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01439-12
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.47.12.3901-3906.2003
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.9.1877
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eighty adults in areas of Kenya where malaria is holoendemic received presumptive treatment with atovaquone-proguanil and were followed closely. The time to the first Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia was 32 days. This prolonged prophylaxis period has implications for study design when used in malaria intervention tri...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/AAC.01367-07
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indwelling device infections are associated with considerable morbidity and extremely high cost. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent gram-negative etiologic agent associated with infections of indwelling catheters and foreign body implants. It is generally agreed that eradication of infection in the presence o...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.39.11.2423
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribavirin was inactive against the rotavirus of murine gastroenteritis; this may be due to the presence of guanosine inhibitors in the gut. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.12.4.543
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antiviral effects of selenazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide, selenazole), ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), and 3-deazaguanosine (6-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazo-[4.5-C]pyridin-4(5H)-one) were investigated separately and in various combinations in an in v...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.26.4.466
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction of viral core particles from duck liver to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication by the nucleoside analog (-)-beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC). As is the case in human immunodeficiency virus replication, 3...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.39.7.1430
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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abstract::The influence of inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (verapamil [VE], cyclosporine [CY], and GF120918 [GF]) on the cell handling of macrolides (erythromycin [ERY], clarithromycin [CLR], roxithromycin [ROX], azithromycin [AZM], and telithromycin [TEL]) was examined in J774 murine macrophages. The net influx rates of AZM and T...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.47.3.1047-1051.2003
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abstract::We evaluated the potency of garenoxacin in selecting resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants by determining its mutant prevention concentration, using strains with and without topoisomerase gene mutations, and compared its potency to that of other quinolones. Garenoxacin had a significantly greater potency against ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00176-09
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infections with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause disease ranging from mild diarrhea to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and are the most common cause of renal failure in children in high-income countries. The severity of the disease derives from the release of Shiga toxins (Stx). The use of antibiotics t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02159-19
更新日期:2020-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::The radical-based theory proposes that three major classes of bactericidal antibiotics, i.e., β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides, have in common the downstream formation of lethal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of the killing mechanism. If bactericidal antibiotics exhibit a common mechanism, t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02354-17
更新日期:2018-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::The susceptibilities of 216 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to a new fluoroquinolone, CP-99,219 were determined. For strains for which the MICs of ciprofloxacin were < or = 0.06 microgram/ml, the MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC90s) of CP-99,219, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were 0.008, 0.015, and...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.39.4.987
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We administered 1 g of imipenem along with equal amounts of cilastatin (a dehydropeptidase I inhibitor) or 2 g of moxalactam intravenously over a period of 30 min to six volunteers in a crossover manner 1 week apart. The antibiotic concentrations and pharmacokinetics for each drug were determined and integrated with t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.29.3.412
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alternative sigma factor sigma54 has been implicated in diverse functions within the cells. In this study, we have constructed an rpoN mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and investigated its importance as a target for antimicrobial agents, such as quinolones and carbapenems. The stationary-phase cells of the rpoN mu...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00348-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monobactams containing 3 beta-aminothiazolyl oxime side chains (SQ 81,377, SQ 81,402, azthreonam, and SQ 26,917) have poor affinities for the broad-spectrum beta-lactamases TEM-2 and K1. Addition of a 4-methyl substituent significantly increased stability to hydrolysis by these enzymes. P99 cephalosporinase from Enter...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.22.3.414
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycoplasma hominis was highly susceptible to two new quinolones, with MICs for 90% of isolates tested of 0.004 micrograms/ml for WIN 57273 and 0.063 micrograms/ml for sparfloxacin, which were activities much greater than the 1 microgram/ml found for ofloxacin and tetracycline. Although Ureaplasma urealyticum was less ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.35.7.1515
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cecropin B is a cationic antimicrobial peptide originally isolated from the diapausing pupae of the giant silk moth, Hylphora cecropia. Cecropin B elicits its antimicrobial effects through disruption of the anionic cell membranes of gram-negative bacteria. Previous work by our laboratory demonstrated that a constituti...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00023-08
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some Kelch mutations of the Plasmodium falciparum K13 protein confer increased survival to dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-treated ring-stage parasites. Here, we asked if K13 mutations affect a dormancy phenotype allowing parasites to survive DHA exposure and then sorbitol selection. Although recrudescence from dormancy diff...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02256-17
更新日期:2018-04-26 00:00:00