Abstract：
:Although scalp potential distributions do not uniquely determine the location and configuration of neural generators, they are important because they provide the necessary conditions that any hypothesized sources must satisfy and suggest a basis for testing alternate source hypotheses. One problem that could confound the correct interpretation of scalp potentials is the choice of reference electrode. Changing the reference may make activity patterns and waveform components appear and disappear (Pascual-Marqui et al. (1988) Int. J. Neurosci., 43: 237-249). The cortical imaging technique (CIT), a method for approximating potential fields on the cortical surface, was used to test the effects of the choice of reference electrode on these fields. Simulated and empirical evoked potential scalp-recorded referential data were mathematically analyzed for the case in which the reference (linked-ears) was arbitrarily assumed to be at zero potential, and the case in which the reference was the 'average' electrode, the arithmetic mean of all of the scalp-recorded voltages in the referential montage. The results for the two references were similar. This is encouraging because potential measurements relative to a point at infinity (zero potential) are never available and the assumption that any actual reference used for a recording is at zero potential is therefore suspect.
journal_name
J Neurosci Methodsjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience methodsauthors
Sidman RD,Semel JS,Lagerlund TD,Ford MRdoi
10.1016/0165-0270(96)00060-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-10-01 00:00:00pages
175-84issue
2eissn
0165-0270issn
1872-678Xpii
0165-0270(96)00060-Xjournal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:At any point in time, net protein phosphorylation represents the contribution of protein kinase and protein phosphatase activities affecting a specific site on a given substrate. Preservation of phosphorylated proteins in neural tissues has traditionally included flash-freezing or fresh tissue processing following tis...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.12.006
更新日期：2004-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Experimental stroke studies use multiple techniques to evaluate histopathological damage. Unfortunately, sensitivity and reproducibility of these techniques are poorly characterized despite pivotal influence on results. METHOD:The present study compared several quantification methods to differentiate betwee...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.11.001
更新日期：2015-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Procedures are described for studying protein phosphorylation in 1 mm diameter micro-slices of rat brain tissue using two-dimensional electrophoresis as analytical tool. The activity of several protein phosphorylating systems, including a major system phosphorylating a 40 kDa substrate complex, was highly dependent on...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(88)90030-1
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the method of in situ hybridization autoradiography, quantitative comparisons among multiple mRNA signals have proven difficult for many reasons, attributable both to technical factors (e.g. different probe specific activities) as well as to large differences in the patterns and levels of expression of different ge...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00015-1
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to identify novel genes involved in appetite and body weight regulation we have developed a microarray based method suitable for detecting small changes in gene expression in discrete groups of hypothalamic neurons. The method is based on a combination of stereological sampling, laser capture microdissection ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.09.024
更新日期：2009-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The neocortex is the site of origin of several forms of acquired epilepsy. Here we provide a brief review of experimental models that were recently developed to study neocortical epileptogenesis as well as some major results obtained with these methods. Most of neocortical seizures appear to be nocturnal and it is kno...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.08.030
更新日期：2016-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A procedure is described for chronic single-unit recording from monkey auditory cortex. The cortex is approached in a vertical stereotaxic plane and subsequent histology is performed on tissue sections made in the same plane. The procedure maximizes the probability of locating and identifying auditory cortical areas d...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(80)90043-6
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Artifacts in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, primarily those related to motion and physiological sources, negatively impact the functional signal-to-noise ratio in fMRI studies, even after conventional fMRI preprocessing. Independent component analysis' demonstrated capacity to separate sources of n...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.03.028
更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have characterized a method of labeling of axons in the post-mortem spinal cord using a silastic disc holding pins coated with DiI and DiO at the rostral and caudal ends of the cord. We optimized the DiI and DiO tracing techniques under different conditions of fixative concentration (1% versus 4% paraformaldehyde, ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.12.025
更新日期：2006-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neuroevolution comprises the use of evolutionary computation to define the architecture and/or to train artificial neural networks (ANNs). This strategy has been employed to investigate the behavior of rats in the elevated plus-maze, which is a widely used tool for studying anxiety in mice and rats. NEW MET...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.06.010
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the core symptoms of anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, is the failure to overcome feelings of danger despite being in a safe environment. This deficit likely stems from an inability to fully process safety signals, which are cues in the environment that enable healthy individuals to ove...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.01.022
更新日期：2013-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebrocortical neurons that store and release zinc synaptically are widely recognized as critical in maintenance of cortical excitability and in certain forms of brain injury and disease. Through the last 20 years, this synaptic release has been observed directly or indirectly and reported in more than a score of pub...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.11.014
更新日期：2006-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effect of two dissection techniques on the quality of human brain specimens. Frozen cerebellar samples were obtained from postmortem brains of 10 subjects free from neurological and psychiatric disease. These tissues were tested for RNA and DNA concentration and quality after being dissected wi...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.12.027
更新日期：2009-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on BOLD signal has been used to indirectly measure the local neural activity induced by cognitive tasks or stimulation. Most fMRI data analysis is carried out using the general linear model (GLM), a statistical approach which predicts the changes in the observed BOLD ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.09.005
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:An encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) is a temporal muscle graft that is placed onto the surface of the brain to serve as a source for collateral vessel growth for brain revascularization in patients with Moyamoya Disease (MMD). To facilitate an EMS in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular diseases other than MMD, the tr...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.07.011
更新日期：2011-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurophysiologists have been investigating the responses of neurons in the visual system for the past half-century using monkeys and cats that are anesthetized and paralyzed, with the non-blinking eyelids open for prolonged periods of time. Impermeable plastic contact lenses have been used to prevent dehydration of th...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(01)00409-5
更新日期：2001-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the microwave antigen-retrieval method were investigated for five antibodies commonly used in neurosciences, i.e., Parvalbumin, Calbindin D28-K, MAP-2, MAP-5 and SMI-32. Immunocytochemical stainings were performed on free-floating vibratome sections of tissue which had been stored in fixative for as lon...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(94)90208-9
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study describes a method for improving the precision and accuracy of clot placement within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of rats, utilizing a micro-catheter and laser Doppler flowmetry. This technique reduces the size of clot needed to achieve stable occlusion with no failed embolizations and a low perc...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.12.026
更新日期：2006-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Attempts to correlate the amount of bilateral brain injury with behavioral changes can be complicated if the lesions are bilaterally unsymmetrical in volume. Further complications are introduced if unilateral lesions are ineffective in producing behavioral changes. An index, W%, is proposed which is based on the produ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(84)90046-3
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated whether conscious rats exhibit hyperalgesia to noxious mechanical stimuli during tail reperfusion following transient tail ischaemia. Mechanical stimuli were delivered by three mechanical algometers, differing in contact area, geometry and rate of application. Tail ischaemia was induced by applying a p...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00313-7
更新日期：2000-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons growing on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are promising tools to investigate principal neuronal network mechanisms and network responses to pharmaceutical substances. However, broad application of these tools, e.g. in pharmaceutical substance screening, requires neuronal cells that provide stable activity on MEA...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(03)00186-9
更新日期：2003-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of the amount of overall animal movement is important for investigations of motor control mechanisms in the central nervous system. We describe a new method to quantify overall free movements of an animal without any markers using a video camera and a personal computer equipped with a video-capture board. T...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00082-5
更新日期：1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) histochemical method of Sokoloff et al. ((1977) J. Neurochem., 28: 897-916) has been widely used to map metabolic activity in the brain, but lacks sufficient resolution to view individual neurons. Modifications of the original method have achieved cellular resolution with emulsion autoradiogra...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(96)00063-5
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new non-metallic push-pull cannula device is described for the localized perfusion of brain sites in the rat or other animal. Comprised entirely of glass and plastic materials, the cannula is intended for usage in an experiment in which the presence in tissue of metal tubing for delivery of perfusate is methodologic...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(83)90129-2
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Controlled expression of proteins is a key experimental approach to a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of neuronal function. Here we evaluate the HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus) amplicon vector for gene delivery into the brains of living rats. We demonstrate that HSV-1 amplicon vectors expressing enhanced gree...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00262-5
更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal microcircuits are formed of a myriad of spatially and functionally specific cell classes. Despite the importance of the spatial component in the characterisation of neural circuits, it has not received the attention it deserves. While multi-electrodes are widely used in the study of microcircuits, the spatial...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.05.037
更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to explore the role of surface electromyography (sEMG) on the changes of myoelectric activities of quadriceps femoris and the assessment of its clinical effect before and after selective femoral neurotomy on spastic cerebral palsy with stiff knee. Selective femoral neurotomy was carried out in 15 pati...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.04.031
更新日期：2011-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrophysiology is the study of neural activity in the form of local field potentials, current flow through ion channels, calcium spikes, back propagating action potentials and somatic action potentials, all measurable on a millisecond timescale. Despite great progress in imaging technologies and sensor proteins, no...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108357
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our laboratory has previously characterized a high affinity choline uptake system (HAChUS) in Limulus tissues and synaptosomes. We report here on the characterization of the HAChUS in synaptosomes prepared selectively from central nervous system tissues shown to be enriched for presumed cholinergic functions; namely t...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(91)90166-w
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) have been used to understand electrophysiological network dynamics by recording real-time activity in groups of cells. The extent to which the collection of such data enables hypothesis testing on the level of circuits and networks depends largely on the sophistication of the ana...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.02.011
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
