Abstract:
:We investigated the role of the superior colliculus (SC) in saccade target selection in rhesus monkeys who were trained to perform a direction-discrimination task. In this task, the monkey discriminated between opposed directions of visual motion and indicated its judgment by making a saccadic eye movement to one of two visual targets that were spatially aligned with the two possible directions of motion in the display. Thus the neural circuits that implement target selection in this task are likely to receive directionally selective visual inputs and be closely linked to the saccadic system. We therefore studied prelude neurons in the intermediate and deep layers of the SC that can discharge up to several seconds before an impending saccade, indicating a relatively high-level role in saccade planning. We used the direction-discrimination task to identify neurons whose prelude activity "predicted" the impending perceptual report several seconds before the animal actually executed the operant eye movement; these "choice predicting" cells comprised approximately 30% of the neurons we encountered in the intermediate and deep layers of the SC. Surprisingly, about half of these prelude cells yielded direction-selective responses to our motion stimulus during a passive fixation task. In general, these neurons responded to motion stimuli in many locations around the visual field including the center of gaze where the visual discriminanda were positioned during the direction-discrimination task. Preferred directions generally pointed toward the location of the movement field of the SC neuron in accordance with the sensorimotor demands of the discrimination task. Control experiments indicate that the directional responses do not simply reflect covertly planned saccades. Our results indicate that a small population of SC prelude neurons exhibits properties appropriate for linking stimulus cues to saccade target selection in the context of a visual discrimination task.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Horwitz GD,Newsome WTdoi
10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2527subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-11-01 00:00:00pages
2527-42issue
5eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::C-mechanoreceptors in humans comprise a population of unmyelinated afferents exhibiting a wide range of mechanical sensitivities. C-mechanoreceptors are putatively divided into those signaling gentle touch (C-tactile afferents, CTs) and nociception (C-mechanosensitive nociceptors, CMs), giving rise to positive and neg...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00939.2016
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rhythmic delivery of visual stimuli evokes large-scale neuronal entrainment in the form of steady-state oscillatory field potentials. The spatiotemporal properties of stimulus drive appear to constrain the relative degrees of neuronal entrainment. Specific frequency ranges, for example, are uniquely suited for enh...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00129.2017
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The input-output and discharge properties of neurons are shaped by both passive and active electrophysiological membrane properties. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings in lamina I-III neurons in an isolated preparation of the whole spinal cord of juvenile rats with attached dorsal roots and dorsal root ganglia were use...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00187.2016
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Previous studies indicate that after transection of the rostral spinal cord, larval lamprey begin to recover locomotor behavior 2 wk posttransection and recovery is complete at approximately 8 wk. To examine the mechanisms underlying behavioral recovery after spinal cord transection, in the present study the time c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.2.847
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::When people match an unseen hand to a visual or proprioceptive target, they make both variable and systematic (bias) errors. Variance is a well-established factor in behavior, but the origin and implications of bias, and its connection to variance, are poorly understood. Eighty healthy adults matched their unseen righ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00633.2017
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substance P initiates locomotion when injected in the brain stem of mammals. This study examined the possible role of this peptide on the supraspinal locomotor command system in lampreys. Substance P was bath applied or locally injected into an in vitro isolated brain stem, and the effects of the drug were examined on...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00401.2004
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroneal motoneurons were recorded intracellularly in anesthetized cats during sustained submaximal contractions of peroneus brevis muscle (PB) elicited by repetitive electrical stimulation of motor axons in the distal portion of cut ventral root filaments. Mechanical stimulation of the territory innervated by the sup...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.6.3201
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fastigial oculomotor region is the output by which the medioposterior cerebellum influences the generation of saccades. Recent inactivation studies reported observations suggesting an involvement in their dynamics (velocity and duration). In this work, we tested this hypothesis in the head-restrained monkey with t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01021.2014
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of peripheral lesions on cerebral somatosensory representations is well studied for experimentally induced amputations and deafferentations acquired later in life. However, few studies have investigated the brain's capacity for plastic changes in congenital malformations. We studied somatosensory-evoked fie...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00749.2004
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory cortical neurons display substantial receptive field dynamics during and after persistent sensory drive. Because a cell's response properties are determined by the inputs it receives, receptive field dynamics are likely to involve changes in the relative efficacy of different inputs to the cell. To test this h...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01012.2001
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabotropic receptors modulate numerous cellular processes by intracellular Ca2+ signaling, but less is known about their role in regulating mitochondrial metabolic function within the CNS. In this study, we demonstrate in area CA3 of rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures that glutamatergic, serotonergic, and mu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00042.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PGNs) were examined by the use of the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique in slice preparations of the neonatal rat lumbosacral spinal cord. Synaptic responses were evoked in PGNs by extracellular stimulation of a neighboring ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.215
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moth pheromones cause rises in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations that activate Ca(2+)-dependent cation channels in antennal olfactory receptor neurons. In addition, mechanisms of adaptation and sensitization depend on changes in cyclic nucleotide concentrations. Here, cyclic nucleotide-activated currents in cultured...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01400.2007
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distinguishing which of the many proposed neural mechanisms of spatial attention actually underlies behavioral improvements in visually guided tasks has been difficult. One attractive hypothesis is that attention allows downstream neural circuits to selectively integrate responses from the most informative sensory neu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00949.2011
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::When an object is lifted vertically, the normal force increases and decreases in tandem with tangential (load) force to safely avoid slips. For horizontal object transport, horizontal forces at the contact surfaces can be decomposed into manipulation forces (producing acceleration/deceleration) and grasping forces. Al...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00267.2007
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Bicuculline-induced epileptiform bursts in slices of neocortical tissue resected from children (3 mo to 14 yr) undergoing neurosurgical treatment for intractable epilepsy were studied with conventional intracellular recording techniques. The purposes of this study were to characterize the bursts evoked in immature ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.5.1759
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory-driven behaviors engage a cascade of cortical regions to process sensory input and generate motor output. To investigate the temporal dynamics of neural activity at this global scale, we have improved and integrated tools to perform functional imaging across large areas of cortex using a transgenic mouse expre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01056.2015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is generally accepted that humans cannot perceive sounds in the frequency range above 20 kHz, the question of whether the existence of such "inaudible" high-frequency components may affect the acoustic perception of audible sounds remains unanswered. In this study, we used noninvasive physiological measure...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.6.3548
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of individuals to adapt locomotion to constraints associated with the complex environments normally encountered in everyday life is paramount for survival. Here, we tested the ability of 24 healthy young adults to adapt to a rightward prism shift (∼11.3°) while either walking and stepping to targets (i.e.,...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01040.2010
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problem of how the hippocampus encodes both spatial and nonspatial information at the cellular network level remains largely unresolved. Spatial memory is widely modeled through the theoretical framework of attractor networks, but standard computational models can only represent spaces that are much smaller than t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00856.2015
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. "Unmasking" of weak synaptic connections has been suggested as a mechanism for the early changes in cortical topographic maps that follow alterations of sensory activity. For such a mechanism to operate, convergent sensory inputs must already exist in the normal cortex. 2. We tested for topographic and cross-modali...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.3.688
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nerve injury induces a reorganization of subcortical and cortical sensory or motor maps in mammals. A similar process, vestibular plasticity 2 mo after unilateral section of the ramus anterior of N. VIII was examined in this study in adult frogs. The brain was isolated with the branches of both N. VIII attached. Monos...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2643
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Intrasomal recordings were made with microelectrodes from 153 warm (infrared) neurons in the trigeminal ganglia of 36 crotaline snakes, Trimeresurus flavoviridis. Background discharges were observed at room temperature. The 153 warm neurons were classified into two groups: 81 were sensitive to less than or equal to...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.2.623
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The modulation of the voltage-activated Ca2+ current by the neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFa) was investigated in dissociated central neurons from Helix aspersa using whole-cell voltage-clamp recording techniques. External Ba2+ was always used as the charge carrier in this study, and the intracellular Ca2+ c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.6.1517
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The antidromic compound action potential (ACAP) of the auditory nerve was evoked by shocks to the auditory nerve root and recorded at the round window of the cochlea in anesthetized guinea pigs. The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics of the ACAP and compare these characteristics with those of t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.5.1826
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultured Kenyon cells from the mushroom body of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, show a voltage-gated, fast transient K+ current that is sensitive to 4-aminopyridine, an A current. The kinetic properties of this A current and its modulation by extracellular K+ ions were investigated in vitro with the whole cell patch-cla...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1749
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a variety of 54-channel high-density silicon electrode arrays (polytrodes) designed to record from large numbers of neurons spanning millimeters of brain. In cat visual cortex, it was possible to make simultaneous recordings from >100 well-isolated neurons. Using standard clustering methods, polytrodes pr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01023.2004
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Retzius (R) neurons of the fifth and sixth segmental ganglia of the leech, called R(5,6) neurons are specialized to innervate the adjacent reproductive organs and are morphologically and functionally distinct from R neurons of standard ganglia [R(x) cells]. In this study the electrical properties of the R(x) and R(...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.3.957
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-frequency activity produces transient depression at many synapses but also, as recently demonstrated, may accelerate the recovery from use-dependent depression. We have examined the possible consequences of this synaptic mechanism in neocortical excitatory synapses by recording simultaneously from presynaptic pyr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.1.621
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The execution of action sequences is the basis of most behavior. However, little is known about the neural foundation of visuomotor sequence execution in birds, although pigeons are a classic model animal to study sequence learning and production. Recently, we identified two structures in the pigeon brain, the nidopal...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00763.2012
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00