Abstract：
:To test the hypothesis that high levels of endogenous oestrogens increase the risk for developing breast cancer, concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol were measured in 24 h urine samples from 1000 women participants in a prospective study of breast cancer on the island of Guernsey. Sixty-nine subjects were diagnosed with breast cancer subsequent to urine collection. Among women who were premenopausal at the time of urine collection, cases excreted less oestrogen than controls; the odds ratios (95% CI) for breast cancer in the middle and upper thirds of the distribution of oestrogen excretion, in comparison with the lower third (reference group, assigned odds ratio = 1.0), were 0.5(0.2-1.2) and 0.4(0.2-1.1) respectively for oestrone, 0.8(0.4-1.8 and 0.4(0.2-1.1) for oestradiol, 0.7(0.3-1.6) and 0.7(0.3-1.6) for oestriol and 0.9(0.4-2.0) and 0.5(0.2-1.3) for total oestrogens. Among women who were post-menopausal at the time of urine collection, the trend was in the opposite direction, with an increase in risk associated with increased oestrogen excretion; the odds ratios were 0.9(0.3-2.2) and 1.1(0.5-2.8) for oestrone, 0.8(0.3-2.3) and 1.9(0.8-4.6) for oestradiol, 1.5(0.6-3.9) and 1.8(0.7-4.6) for oestriol and 0.9(0.4-2.6) and 1.9(0.7-4.7) for total oestrogens. The trends of increasing risk with increasing oestrogen excretion among post-menopausal women were statistically significant for oestradiol (P = 0.022) and for total oestrogens (P = 0.016). We conclude that high levels of endogenous oestrogens in post-menopausal women are associated with increased breast cancer risk, but that the relationship of oestrogens in premenopausal women with risk is unclear.
journal_name
Br J Cancerjournal_title
British journal of cancerauthors
Key TJ,Wang DY,Brown JB,Hermon C,Allen DS,Moore JW,Bulbrook RD,Fentiman IS,Pike MCdoi
10.1038/bjc.1996.304subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-06-01 00:00:00pages
1615-9issue
12eissn
0007-0920issn
1532-1827journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:As regulators of malignant cell behaviour and communication with stroma, cytokines have proved useful in understanding cancer biology and developing novel therapies. In renal cell carcinoma, patients with inflammatory reactions are known to have poor prognosis. In order to elucidate the relation between renal cell car...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6600257
更新日期：2002-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein kinases play a key role in intracellular signalling, participating at multiple levels along the transduction cascades that trigger mitogenic response. Because protein kinases are involved in mitogenic pathways, they are likely to play a role in the abnormal proliferation of malignant cells. In this study we co...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1998.675
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Stathmin mediates cell migration and invasion in vitro, and metastasis in vivo. To investigate stathmin's role on the metastatic process, we performed integrated mRNA-miRNA expression analysis to identify pathways regulated by stathmin. METHODS:MiRNA and gene arrays followed by miRNA-target-gene integration...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41416-019-0669-1
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male inbred Fischer rats were fed phenobarbitone-Na at a level of 500 parts/10(6) in the diet for 1 week, followed by 1000 parts 10(6) for 103 weeks at which time the survivors were killed. Thirty-three treated rats survived to 80 weeks. Before 80 weeks, no animals showed hyperplastic lesions. Of the 33 rats surviving...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1978.62
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In small-cell lung cancer cell lines resistance to growth inhibition by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, was previously shown to correlate with lack of TGF-beta receptor I (RI) and II (RII) proteins. To further investigate the role of these receptors, the expression of mRNA for RI, RII and beta-glycan (RIII) w...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1996.201
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-four patients with advanced cancer not reacting to conventional therapy were treated with 97 courses of i.v. MER (methanol extraction residue of BCG). MER was administered by i.v. infusion over a 4-h period, twice a week, in dosages varying from 0.05 mg to 1.25 mg. The skin reactivity to 5 recall antigens was e...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1977.198
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This phase 1 study examined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of eribulin-liposomal formulation (eribulin-LF) in patients with advanced solid tumours. METHODS:Eligible patients with ECOG PS 0-1 were treated with eribulin-LF either on day 1 every 21 days (Schedule 1), or on ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1038/s41416-019-0377-x
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrochemotherapy is an anti-tumour treatment that utilizes locally delivered electric pulses to increase cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of our study was to determine whether anti-tumour effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with cisplatin is a consequence of increased plasma membrane permeability ca...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6690222
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth of the transplantable EMR-86 rat mammary carcinoma depends on elevated prolactin levels which are induced by oestrogenic stimulation of the pituitary. We investigated histological and cell kinetic changes during tumour regression after removal of implanted oestrogen pellets (EP), and we especially focused on th...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1996.232
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanisms of resistance to Tomudex include increased thymidylate synthase activity, as well as reduced intracellular drug uptake and polyglutamation. However, little is known about other mechanisms of resistance, such as a possible protection against Tomudex-induced apoptosis mediated by bcl-2. We transfected the MDA...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6690685
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to be involved in the development of several human cancers. The present study was conducted to investigate the expression of GOLPH3 and its prognostic significance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Meanwhile, the function of GOLPH3 in human RCC was further inves...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2014.124
更新日期：2014-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Survivin is an apoptotic inhibitor that is expressed at high levels in a variety of malignancies. Survivin has four known alternative splice forms (Survivin, Survivin-2B, Survivin-deltaEx3, and Survivin-3B), and the recent literature suggests that these splice variants have unique functions and subcellular localisatio...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6602317
更新日期：2005-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Serine proteases, such as alpha-chymotrypsin or elastase, caused an aggregation of rat ascites tumour cell lines, AH-130, AH-109A and YS, in a protein free medium which preserved the cell viability. This aggregation, which was monitored spectrophotometrically, was dependent upon the protease activities and was resista...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1990.339
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are uncommon neoplasms with high morbidity in advanced stages. Effective systemic treatments are limited. METHODS:A multisite phase 2 trial evaluated sunitinib in patients with progressive PCC/PGL. Patients received 50 mg orally for 4-6 weeks. RESULTS:Between ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1038/s41416-019-0474-x
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sequence variations in coding and non-coding regions of the genome can affect gene expression and signalling pathways, which in turn may influence disease outcome. METHODS:In this study, we integrated somatic mutations, gene expression and clinical data from 930 breast cancer patients included in the TCGA d...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41416-018-0030-0
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Interferon (IFN)-based therapies could eradicate hepatitis C (HCV) and reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, HCC could still happen after sustained virological response (SVR). We aimed to develop a simple scoring system to predict the risk of HCC development among HCV patients after ant...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2013.564
更新日期：2013-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Sera from 182 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were assayed for antibodies to p53 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and antibodies were detected in 48 (26%) compared with 1 out of 76 (1.3%) normal control volunteers (P = 0.0001). In breast cancer patients, autoantibodies were found in al...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1994.219
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study sought to examine changes in psychological distress following cancer genetic counselling. Women attending a family cancer clinic completed questionnaires before their appointment and at 2 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after their appointment. Twenty-six women were at low risk of developing breast or ovarian...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6600030
更新日期：2002-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumour-associated angiogenesis is partly regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Endocrine tumours are highly vascularised and the molecular mechanisms of their angiogenesis are not fully delineated. The aim of this study is to evaluate angiogenesis and expression of HIF-related molecules in a series ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6602245
更新日期：2005-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Deregulated expression of myc proto-oncogenes is implicated in several human neoplasias. We analysed the expression of c-myc, N-myc, L-myc, max and RB1 mRNAs in a panel of human gliomas and glioma cell lines and compared the findings with normal neural cells. The max and RB1 genes were included in the study because th...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1994.3
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In spite of the wide range of tumours successfully treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy, the fact that 5-aminolevulinic acid has low lipid solubility, limits its clinical application. More lipophilic 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrugs and the use of liposomal carriers are two approaches aimed a...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6600144
更新日期：2002-03-04 00:00:00
abstract：:A cytogenetic study was performed in 27 patients suspected of t-MDS or t-ANLL. In 12 patients the diagnosis of t-MDS or t-ANLL was confirmed by morphological, cytochemical and immunophenotypical analysis. The cases were classified as RA (one), RAEB (four), CMML (two), ANLL (five). They had received chemotherapy and/or...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1990.93
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to examine whether different p53 haplotypes of exon 4-intron 3-intron 6 affect the frequency of mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the p53 gene in male oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) in Taiwan. We found that individuals without two Pro-W-G alleles had significantly high...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6602271
更新日期：2005-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Covalent modifications of histones, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, and other epigenetic modulations of the chromatin, such as methylation of DNA and ATP-dependent chromatin reorganisation, can play a major part in the multistep process of carcinogenesis, with far-reaching implications for human...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6601575
更新日期：2004-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Three intraperitoneal human ovarian cancer xenografts (OS, HU, and LA) were used to assess the antitumour activity of intraperitoneal therapy with liposome encapsulated MTP-PE. MTP-PE led to significant prolongation of survival in all three xenograft models, but with varying efficacy. In one tumour model (OS), 80% of ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1991.92
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sera from breast cancer patients and from female controls were tested for inhibition of lysis of antibody-coated target cells by human leukocytes (K cells). Sera from 39% of breast cancer patients, but from only 8% of controls, inhibited lysis by more than 30%. This inhibition was unrelated to the stage of the disease...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1976.224
更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A screening programme designed to identify cases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in patients attending a Regional Cancer Centre outpatient department was established. It comprised two stages: (1) The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) self-rating questionnaire administered by a touch-screen computer; (2) ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6601578
更新日期：2004-01-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to determine the response rates (RR) and duration to second- and third-line chemotherapy programmes in patients with anthracycline-resistant breast cancer, utilizing various definitions of anthracycline resistance. This was a retrospective analysis performed on 1335 patients with metastati...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/bjoc.1999.0958
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological evidence indicates that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) protect against colorectal cancer (CRC) to a greater degree than other non-gastrointestinal cancers, but the molecular basis for this difference is unknown. We previously reported that aspirin induces signal-specific I kappa B alpha...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6601913
更新日期：2004-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:A study is presented of all cases of primary sarcoma of bone registered during the period 1946 to 1974 for a specified population resident in south-western England. Ninety-six per cent of the 365 cases were histologically and radiologically verified and are separated into 8 categories of sarcoma. The number of tumours...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1977.221
更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00
