Cell type-specific regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene expression in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons.

abstract：:Microglia are considered the only cell population of mesodermal origin in the brain, although their role is not fully understood. The present study demonstrated that rat primary microglial cells expressed nestin, A2B5, and O4 antigens, which are markers for oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Based on these findings, we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yokoyama A,Yang L,Itoh S,Mori K,Tanaka J

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent and broadly acting neurotrophic factor that protects neurons in various types of cultured neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity and induced-apoptosis. Some of the effects of PEDF reflect specific changes in gene expression, mediated via activation of the transcri...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yabe T,Sanagi T,Schwartz JP,Yamada H

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have analysed in detail the properties of oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells derived from the spinal cords of adult rats to gain further insights into the mechanisms that control the generation of oligodendrocytes in the healthy and demyelinated adult central nervous systems (CNS). When O-2A p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Engel U,Wolswijk G

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously reported that neonatal rat oligodendrocytes (OLGs) express and secrete neuregulins (NRGs) (Raabe et al., 1997). This laboratory has also shown that NRGs stimulate the differentiation of neonatal rat OLGs and that these cells express the erbB receptors for NRGs (Raabe et al., 1997). In this study, we...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Deadwyler GD,Pouly S,Antel JP,Devries GH

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of metallothioneins I/II in the mouse brain and their specific area distribution upon physical stress were studied. To induce physical stress, groups of mice were subjected to total darkness for different periods (2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months). The concentration of metallothioneins, evaluated by imm...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Beltramini M,Di Pisa C,Zambenedetti P,Wittkowski W,Mocchegiani E,Musicco M,Zatta P

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gliogenesis in the mammalian CNS continues after birth, with astrocytes being generated well into the first two postnatal weeks. In this study, we have isolated an A2B5(+) astrocyte precursor (APC) from the postnatal rat forebrain, which is capable of differentiating into mature astrocytes in serum-free medium without...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lin G,Goldman JE

更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing evidence that chemokines, specialized regulators of the peripheral immune system, are also involved in the physiology and pathology of the CNS. It is known that glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) express various chemokine receptors like CCR1, -3, -5, and CXCR4. We have investigated the possible...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zuurman MW,Heeroma J,Brouwer N,Boddeke HW,Biber K

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarker...

journal_title：Glia

authors： van Bodegraven EJ,van Asperen JV,Robe PAJ,Hol EM

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Manganese in excess is neurotoxic and causes CNS injury resembling that of Parkinson's disease. In brain, astrocytes predominantly take up and accumulate manganese and are thus vulnerable to its toxicity. Manganese was shown to induce cell swelling in cultured astrocytes, and oxidative/nitrosative stress (ONS) mediate...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rao KV,Jayakumar AR,Reddy PV,Tong X,Curtis KM,Norenberg MD

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of axons is a major contributor to nonremitting deficits in the inflammatory demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on biophysical studies showing that activity of axonal sodium channels can trigger axonal degeneration, recent studies have tested sodium channel-blocking drugs in experimental autoimm...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Craner MJ,Damarjian TG,Liu S,Hains BC,Lo AC,Black JA,Newcombe J,Cuzner ML,Waxman SG

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the role of L-type voltage-gated Ca++ channels in oligodendrocyte development, we used a mouse model of Timothy syndrome (TS) in which a gain-of-function mutation in the α1 subunit of the L-type Ca++ channel Cav1.2 gives rise to an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) isolat...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cheli VT,Santiago González DA,Zamora NN,Lama TN,Spreuer V,Rasmusson RL,Bett GC,Panagiotakos G,Paez PM

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytic glycogen, the only storage form of glucose in the brain, has been shown to play a fundamental role in supporting learning and memory, an effect achieved by providing metabolic support for neurons. We have examined the interplay between glycogenolysis and the bioenergetics of astrocytic Ca(2+) homeostasis, b...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Müller MS,Fox R,Schousboe A,Waagepetersen HS,Bak LK

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of Rho-kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 stimulates sprouting by injured corticospinal tract and dorsal column tract axons, and accelerates functional recovery. However, regeneration of these axons across the glial scar was not observed. Here we examined the effects of Y27632 treatment on chondroitin sulfate proteo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chan CC,Wong AK,Liu J,Steeves JD,Tetzlaff W

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal activity leads to arteriole dilation and increased blood flow in retinal vessels. This response, termed functional hyperemia, is diminished in the retinas of diabetic patients, possibly contributing to the development of diabetic retinopathy. The mechanism responsible for this loss is unknown. Here we show th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mishra A,Newman EA

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurements of extracellular space volume and imaging of intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) have shown that neuronal activity increases light transmittance by causing cellular swelling. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these volume changes and the contribution of astrocyte swelling to the changes in tissue v...

journal_title：Glia

authors： MacVicar BA,Feighan D,Brown A,Ransom B

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Segments from adult fish and rat retinae were explanted on myelin-marker expressing oligodendrocytes derived from the regenerating goldfish optic nerve. Fish axons grew in high density and even rat retinal axons regenerated to considerable length on the surface of the fish oligodendrocytes, suggesting that this type o...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bastmeyer M,Bähr M,Stuermer CA

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge of the precise timing of myelination is critical to the success of zebrafish-based in vivo screening strategies for potential remyelination therapies. This study provides a systematic review of the timing of myelination in the zebrafish spinal cord and a critique of techniques by which it may be accurately a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Buckley CE,Marguerie A,Alderton WK,Franklin RJ

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells execute essential functions in central nervous system (CNS) development and are also believed to play important roles during gliosis in response to trauma or disease. These developmental and pathological states have also been associated with elevated expression of opioid genes. Because levels of the cytoki...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Negro A,Tavella A,Facci L,Callegaro L,Skaper SD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic zinc ions released during synaptic transmission interact with pre- and postsynaptic neuroreceptors, thus modulating neurotransmission. It is likely that they have to be efficiently cleared from the extracellular milieu to assure subsequent synaptic events. Both neurons and glia are assumed to participate in t...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Varea E,Alonso-Llosà G,Molowny A,Lopez-Garcia C,Ponsoda X

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become evident recently only that microglia are not only responsible for immunomodulatory functions in the brain but represent vital components of the larger synaptic formation, which also includes pre and postsynaptic neurones as well as astrocytes. Microglia critically contribute to CNS homeostasis by their a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blank T,Prinz M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence has suggested that astrocytes demonstrate striking regionally allocated functional heterogeneity. Here, we discuss how this spatiotemporally encoded diversity determines the astrocytic phenotype along a finely grained spectrum from neuroprotective to deleterious states. With increasing recognition ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Clarke BE,Taha DM,Tyzack GE,Patani R

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human astrocytes provide trophic as well as structural support to the surrounding brain cells. Furthermore, they have been implicated in many physiological processes important for central nervous system function. Traditionally astrocytes have been considered to be a homogeneous class of cells, however, it has increasi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： de Majo M,Koontz M,Rowitch D,Ullian EM

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that astrocytic glutamate release or perturbed glutamate metabolism contributes to the proneness to epileptic seizures. Here we investigated whether astrocytic contents of the major glutamate degrading enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) decreases on moving from th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hammer J,Alvestad S,Osen KK,Skare Ø,Sonnewald U,Ottersen OP

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is known to interact with cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report that, interestingly, it is a potent inductor of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the CNS of infected animals and in pure cultures of astrocytes. Maximal IL-6 gene transcription in glial cells, as ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rubio N,Sierra A

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have examined the migratory capacity of Schwann cells from the distal stump of a 1-week transected sciatic nerve of adult rat for a distance of 10 mm. The distal stump was introduced into the open end of a silicone chamber packed with artificial fibrin sponge (Gelaspon) soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (control ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dubový P,Svízenská I

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During action potential conduction, the axonal specializations at the node, together with the adjacent paranodal terminations of the myelin sheath, interact with glial processes that invest the nodal gap. The nature of the mutual signals between axons and myelinating glia, however, are not well understood. Here we hav...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Toews JC,Schram V,Weerth SH,Mignery GA,Russell JT

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The biologically active lipid metabolite, platelet-activating factor (PAF), is thought to contribute to inflammatory processes and tissue damage in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. In previous studies, we found that after contusion spinal cord injury, treatment with a PAF antagonist led to significa...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hostettler ME,Knapp PE,Carlson SL

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, have recently been removed from the position of mere sentinels and promoted to the role of active sculptors of developing circuits and cells. Alongside their functions in normal brain development, microglia coordinate sexual differentiation of the brain, a set of proces...

journal_title：Glia

authors： VanRyzin JW,Marquardt AE,Pickett LA,McCarthy MM

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons with age. We previously found that a single systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) injection caused a slow progressive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+IR) neurons in SN associated ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Qin L,Liu Y,Hong JS,Crews FT

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major role for Müller cells in the retina is to buffer changes in the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) resulting from light-evoked neuronal activity. The primary K+ conductance in Müller cells is the inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1. Since this channel is constitutively active, K+ can enter or exit Müller...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Connors NC,Kofuji P

更新日期：2006-01-15 00:00:00