Abstract:
:This article focuses on the importance of social engagement and the behavioral and neurophysiological mechanisms that allow individuals to reduce psychological and physical distance. A model of social engagement derived from the Polyvagal Theory is presented. The model emphasizes phylogeny as an organizing principle and includes the following points: (1) there are well-defined neural circuits to support social engagement behaviors and the defensive strategies of fight, flight, and freeze; (2) these neural circuits form a phylogenetically organized hierarchy; (3) without being dependent on conscious awareness, the nervous system evaluates risk in the environment and regulates the expression of adaptive behavior to match the neuroception of a safe, dangerous, or life-threatening environment; (4) social engagement behaviors and the benefits of the physiological states associated with social support require a neuroception of safety; (5) social behaviors associated with nursing, reproduction, and the formation of strong pair bonds require immobilization without fear; and (6) immobilization without fear is mediated by a co-opting of the neural circuit regulating defensive freezing behaviors through the involvement of oxytocin, a neuropeptide in mammals involved in the formation of social bonds. The model provides a phylogenetic interpretation of the neural mechanisms mediating the behavioral and physiological features associated with stress and several psychiatric disorders.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Porges SWdoi
10.1196/annals.1301.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
31-47eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
1008pub_type
杂志文章abstract::DNA methylation and histone modification promote changes in chromatin structure that may affect gene expression in a heritable manner without directly altering the genome. As such, these phenomena are considered to be epigenetic in nature and are believed to contribute to the normal processes of human development but ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homozygous beta thalassemia affects thousands of people around the world. Current management of this condition includes regular transfusion of red cells, which leads to transfusional iron overload requiring chelation therapy: increasing hemoglobin levels while decreasing or eliminating iron overload is therefore a maj...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a dysmyelinating disorder of the central nervous system typically caused by duplications or missense mutations of the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene. Most investigators have found that peripheral nerve function and structure is normal in PMD patients. We have found that null mutat...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1999-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies directed against the voltage-gated calcium channels that provide the calcium ion flux that triggers acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. To study the pathophysiology of LEMS and test candidate therapeutic strategies...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb29070.x
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abstract::The Na,K-ATPase is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, and each subunit consists of multiple isoforms. In the case of alpha, four isoforms, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4 are present in mammalian cells. The distribution of these isoforms is tissue- and developmental-specific, suggesting that they may play sp...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the infiltration and subsequent destruction of the pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells by autoreactive T cells. CD8(+) T cells play an essential role in this beta cell destruction. However, little is known about the target antigens of CD8(+) T cell...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1394.024
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formaldehyde was administered for 104 weeks in drinking water supplied ad libitum at concentrations of 1500, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, or 0 mg/L to groups of 50 male and 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats beginning at seven weeks of age. Control animals (100 males and 100 females) received tap water only. Acetaldehyde was ad...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04926.x
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Choir singing is positively associated with well-being and quality of life, and requires the coordination of physiological systems within and across individuals. Informed by models of interpersonal action coordination, we delineate the network topography of choir singing by analyzing cross-frequency couplings and with...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nyas.13940
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A four- to fivefold overexpression of the gene for the Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) in individuals with Down's Syndrome (DS) appears to be responsible for the fifty year earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in DS compared to the normal population. It is therefore likely that a dereg...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1993-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its structurally related proteins are involved in the developmental regulation of various brain neurons, including midbrain dopaminergic neurons. We recently reported EGF and EGF-receptor abnormalities in both the brain tissues and blood of schizophrenic patients. Administration of EG...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1316.076
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venous thromboembolic events, such as pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and portal vein thrombosis, have been observed in adult thalassemia patients, mainly in beta-thalassemia intermedia. The clinical findings are consistent with the observation of several alterations that indicate a state of activation of ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of chemical compounds are currently being discussed as novel drug delivery strategies. One promising strategy is to selectively open the paracellular pathway of epithelia for the passage of macromolecules. A prerequisite for this effect is a rapid and reversible action of these compounds, to allow a marked t...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06562.x
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many autoimmune diseases are chronic conditions that progress over the course of years, and are characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that precede the overt disease by months or years. As examples, the presence of two islet cell antibodies (ICA) are associated with a 50% risk of developing diabetes mellitus ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1351.031
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human endometrium is an extremely sensitive target for steroid hormones. During the menstrual cycle, this tissue undergoes dynamic changes that are reflected on the surface morphology of the epithelium and that can be followed by scanning electron microscopy. The morphologic changes peak at the midsecretory phase,...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06244.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter examines trends in private and public health coverage, as well as implications for vulnerable populations and health disparities. We find that there has been erosion in employment-based health benefits. Both the percentage of employers offering coverage and the percentage of workers with coverage declined...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1425.029
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The scientific investigation of brains of different vertebrates, both extant and extinct, is of interest for several reasons: for translating medical research on rodent models into practice, for understanding the animals investigated in order to improve conservation and management strategies, and for understanding the...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05948.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiologic features are described of cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the United States. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Externally guided sensory-motor processes deteriorate with increasing age. Internally guided, for example, predictive, behavior usually helps to overcome sensory-motor delays. We studied whether predictive components of visuomotor transformation decline with age. We investigated smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) of ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06114.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two types of mixed matrix membranes were developed by UOP in the late 1980s. The first type includes adsorbent polymers, such as silicalite-cellulose acetate (CA), NaX-CA, and AgX-CA mixed matrix membranes. The silicalite-CA has a CO(2)/H(2) selectivity of 5.15 +/- 2.2. In contrast, the CA membrane has a CO(2)/H(2) se...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emotional or physical stress triggers Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy in postmenopausal females, which is characterized by an elevation of the ST segment in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and left ventricular apical ballooning in the left ventriculogram (LVG). Immobilization stress (IMO) of rats can reproduce these ECG and LVG...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rat IgM and IgG was determined by mechanized "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using peroxidase labeled anti-rat-IgM and -IgG. Linear ranges in standard curves of a reference rat serum had a slope similar to the slopes found with sera of 25 rats of various age. IgM and IgG measurements by ELISA in t...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Regional climate modeling bridges the gap between the coarse resolution of current global climate models and the regional-to-local scales, where the impacts of climate change are of primary interest. Here, we present a review of the added value of the regional climate modeling approach within the scope of paleoclimate...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Sm-2Fe molten alloy with 1:2 molar ratio was unidirectionally solidified in both microgravity and normal gravity in concurrence with a magnetic flux (0-0.12 T). The compound SmFe2 was produced by the unidirectional solidification in microgravity with a magnetic flux of 0T and exhibited a lamellar microstructure. T...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substantial evidence suggests that stress can alter the general toxicological properties of the substituted amphetamines (AMPs) as well as their psychostimulant properties. Research concerning the interactions between stress and the neurotoxicity associated with the AMPs is, however, limited. Our previous work demonst...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17438.x
更新日期:1996-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::The search for tumor markers suitable for use in diagnosis and management of patients with lung cancer has met with limited success because each available marker lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity. We have begun a collaborative study to evaluate multiple simultaneous serum markers to determine whether there ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb32885.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hematopoietic development in the mammal can be represented as a numerically expanding hierarchy of cell populations that are progressively restricted in their self-renewal and differentiation abilities. Classical functional studies have now been extended to provide exact physical descriptions of various stages in the ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08472.x
更新日期:1999-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was studied in 26 normal subjects and 26 patients with cerebellar lesions, using horizontal vision-reversal prisms. In normal subjects, the adaptation of gain after wearing prisms for one hour was approximately 50% of the VOR value in the dark. In contrast to this, p...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb30897.x
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a growing interest in the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation for sleep disturbed populations. Our study sought to evaluate the effect of mindfulness meditation interventions on sleep quality. To assess for relative efficacy, comparator groups were restricted to specific active controls (such as evidenced...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13996
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence gathered to date from topographic data, geophysical data, well logs, and drill-core samples indicates that the buried Chicxulub basin, the source crater for the approximately 65 Ma Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary deposits, is approximately 300 km in diameter. A prominent topographic ridge and a ring of gra...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48351.x
更新日期:1997-05-30 00:00:00