Abstract:
:Rat IgM and IgG was determined by mechanized "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using peroxidase labeled anti-rat-IgM and -IgG. Linear ranges in standard curves of a reference rat serum had a slope similar to the slopes found with sera of 25 rats of various age. IgM and IgG measurements by ELISA in these sera correlated well with results obtained by single radial immuno-diffusion (SRID). In addition, the precision of the enzyme immunoassay was the same as obtained with the SRID. Compared with SRID, ELISA is less time consuming and the amount of antiserum used in the macro-ELISA is one order of magnitude lower; and again 10 times lower in the mechanized micro-ELISA that is currently being developed. In conclusion, the ELISA is a specific, reliable, sensitive, and economic method for routine measurement of rat serum IgG and IgM e.g. in toxicity studies. In the second part of this study, ELISA and the passive hemagglutination test were compared to determine the primary and secondary antibody response to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tetanus toxoid in rats. In the ELISA, the antigens were bound to the wells of polystyrene microplates. Tetanus toxoid was coated directly, LPS after complexing with methylated bovine serum albumin. After incubation with dilutions of the rat sera, the amount of antibody bound to the solid phase was quantified by means of peroxidase-labeled antiimmunoglobulin. The specificity of the enzyme immunoassay was tested by absorption of the sera with the respective antigens. ELISA proved to be more sensitive than the hemagglution reaction, except when titers were determined during the secondary response to tetanus toxoid. Besides its specificity and sensitivity, ELISA is a convenient method for measuring both IgM and IgG antibodies. Finally, evidence is presented that in the rat, the humoral immune response to LPS is a thymus-independent phenomenon. Thus, by using the antibody response to LPS and tetanus toxoid in function studies of the immune system of the rat, insight can be obtained in the thymus-independent and thymus-dependent humoral immune response.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Vos JG,Buys J,Beekhof P,Hagenaars AMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-05-31 00:00:00pages
518-34eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
320pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This paper presents a review of the publicly available knowledge base concerning turbine blade tip heat transfer, from the early fundamental research which laid the foundations of our knowledge, to current experimental and numerical studies utilizing engine-scaled blade cascades and turbine rigs. Focus is placed on hi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05843.x
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the late sixties, several new antifungal drugs have become available. Initially, they were all intended for topical use, and, consequently, animal and human pharmacology always primarily aimed at confirming therapeutic efficacy. With the new tendency for the development of orally active antifungal drugs, human a...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb40412.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anesthetic effect of certain steroids in vertebrate systems is well documented, but it is not known if these compounds can cause anesthesia in simpler organisms. To answer this question, ether, short-chain alkanols, and pregnanolone were tested for their ability to induce anesthesia in 20 aquatic species from 7 ph...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33891.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When an arbovirus enters an arthropod in an infected blood meal, several mechanisms may interact to affect its life cycle and ultimate transmissibility. Intrinsic absolute failure in the establishment of infection must be contrasted with infection that is successfully established but is variably modulated in its viral...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35101.x
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolation of Coxiella Burnetii in the standard laboratory setting is hazardous; therefore most diagnoses are based on retrospective detection of a rising antibody titer to C. burnetti. As a result, this disease is usually undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Methods for the rapid detection of C. burnetti have now been develop...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42253.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complex dielectric properties of canine skeletal muscles were measured at 25 degrees C during ischemia in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 200 MHz. The dielectric spectrum of skeletal muscle shows an alpha-dispersion below 1 kHz and a beta-dispersion with a relaxation frequency of about 100 kHz. The alpha-dispers...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09449.x
更新日期:1999-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Nocturnal cortisol release in humans is synergistically regulated by circadian rhythm and sleep. Cortisol concentrations typically reach a nadir during the slow wave sleep-rich periods of early nocturnal sleep, whereas during the late night, when rapid eye movement (REM) sleep predominates, cortisol levels are enhance...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1314.020
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sophisticated imaging and fetal sampling techniques have defined the natural history and pathophysiologic characteristics of many previously mysterious conditions of newborn. Although most prenatally diagnosed malformations are best managed by appropriate medical and surgical therapy after delivery, an increasing numb...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08928.x
更新日期:1998-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::On their plasma membranes, cells express receptor proteins with high affinity for regulatory peptides, such as somatostatin. Changes in the density of these receptors during disease, for example, overexpression in many tumors, provide the basis for new imaging methods. The first peptide analogues successfully applied ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1294.026
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over most of the past century, it was thought that the adult brain was completely incapable of generating new neurons. However, in the last decade, the development of new techniques has resulted in an explosion of new research showing that (i) neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, is not restricted to embryonic deve...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-298-2_9
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have presented a perspective of progress in three areas of simulations of complex molecules: the development of force fields for molecular simulation; the application of computer graphics, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics in simulations of DNA and DNA-drug complexes and the application of computer graphic...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb20954.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Balb/c mice were infected with Coxiella burnetii and samples of blood and major organs from the infected mice were collected on days 1 to 14 after infection. The DNAs extracted from the samples were detected by a developed real-time quantitative PCR specific for C. burnetii and high loads of C. burnetii were found...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1355.027
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is already a global pandemic, with focal "hot spots" of ongoing transmission. Although DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course) chemotherapy is the goal of global tuberculosis control, short-course chemotherapy will not cure multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. In settings of high...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb11375.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human organism is in a state of dynamic equilibrium, homeostasis. The stress system is activated when homeostasis is challenged by extrinsic or intrinsic forces, the stressors. This system, whose central component is the central nervous system (CNS) and includes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and noradrener...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44666.x
更新日期:1995-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A) is a fetal insulin receptor isoform that is overexpressed in cancer. We investigated whether insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II may elicit a different gene expression response from insulin in cells expressing only IR-A and lacking IGF-I receptor (R-/IR-A cells). Cells were stimulated...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1322.053
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fraction with lymphokine properties was isolated from supernatant medium of the continuous cultured human lymphoblast cell line, 1788. Culture medium containing 2% human serum was used for cell growth in order to minimize antigenicity of supernatant fractions isolated from the medium. The culture medium was passed t...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb41685.x
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emission factors for indoor straw combustion are a major data gap for estimating the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions in China. The emission factors for open-fire straw burning were borrowed from our previous study and a rough estimate was developed. As one of the most important emission sources in ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1454.006
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes and obesity are major global public health problems, with migrant populations in high-income countries being particularly affected. Type 2 diabetes and obesity are also major threats in low- and middle-income countries, from which most migrant populations originate. Transitioning of societies and the r...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13204
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Different estrogen-3-sulfates (estrone-3-sulfate, estradiol-3-sulfate, and estriol-3-sulfate) can provoke important biologic responses in different mammary cancer cell lines; there is a significant increase in progesterone receptor. However, no significant effect was observed with estrogen-17-sulfates. The reason for ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb34286.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by increased numbers of T lymphocytes within the alveolar structures and the consequent spontaneous release of a variety of mediators relevant to the pathogenesis of this disorder. This phenomenon is associated with a different expansion of the T cell subpopulations pre...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb18488.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preliminary reports indicate the influence of oxidative stress and interleukins, particularly TGF-beta1, in maintenance of bone mass. This study was designed to determine any possible variations of cellular lipid peroxidation, the total antioxidant power, and concentration of TGF-beta1 in blood and saliva of osteoporo...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1378.062
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Syndrome X is a clinical syndrome in which multiple risks cluster in an individual, and it is a common basis of vascular disease in the industrial countries. The molecular basis of Syndrome X, however, has not been elucidated. We have analyzed body fat distribution using CT scan and have shown that people who have acc...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07793.x
更新日期:1999-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::The most common ototoxic compounds in clinical practice are aminoglycoside antibiotics, cisplatin, and loop diuretics (ethacrynic acid and furosemide). These agents also have substantial renal effects in the form of nephrotoxicity or diuresis. The understanding of these renal effects may provide insight into ototoxic ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb00278.x
更新日期:1999-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::The tumor suppressor p53 is a phosphoprotein barely detectable in the nucleus of normal cells. Upon cellular stress, particularly that induced by DNA damage, p53 can arrest cell cycle progression, thus allowing the DNA to be repaired; or it can lead to apoptosis. These functions are achieved, in part, by the transacti...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06705.x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The general aim of this experiment was to investigate the processes involved in reading musical notation and to study the relationship between written music and its auditory representation. Our main interest was to determine if musicians can develop expectancies for plausible or implausible auditory events on the sole...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1284.028
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biologics are playing an increasingly significant role in the practice of modern medicine and surgery in general and orthopedics in particular. Cell-based approaches are among the most important and widely used modalities in orthopedic biologics, with mesenchymal stem cells and other multi/pluripotent cells undergoing...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13575
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multiple actions of somatostatin are mediated by specific membrane-bound receptors present in all somatostatin target tissues, such as brain, pituitary, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. For instance, in the human gastrointestinal tract, three different types of tissue compartments express somatostatin...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb17262.x
更新日期:1994-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mice deficient for complement factors C3, C4, or C5 are resistant to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) immune lymph node cells (LNC) of C3 deficient mice produce less interleukin 6 (IL-6), and EAMG-resistant IL-6 deficient mice have less serum C3. Increased serum C1q-circu...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1405.009
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression regulation, in particular at the level of transcription, has been demonstrated to play a key role in the development of human diseases, including cancer, and in bacteria it is crucial for proliferation as well as for pathogenicity. Transcriptional regulation is based on complex networks of interactions...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1430.023
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A generation of research in cognitive psychology has given rise to many tasks that tap at various aspects of attention. It is now widely agreed that attention is not a single thing and that its measurement needs a strategy to study each of its various aspects. While there is no widely agreed taxonomy of attentional op...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1417.011
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00