Abstract:
:One feature of neuronal discharge proposed to play a role in coding temporal information is the relative refractory period that follows each action potential. In neurons innervating hair cells, there is an extended refractory period that can last =100 ms. We have taken a pharmacological approach to examine the extended refractory period in the Xenopus lateral line organ. We show that each action potential in the afferent fiber, whether generated spontaneously or through an antidromic electrical pulse, decreases the probability of subsequent afferent discharge for a period of =100 ms. We show that the extended refractory period can be modulated with drugs that alter glutamatergic transmission between the hair cell and the afferent fiber. The extended refractory period can be enhanced by perfusion with agents that reduce synaptic activity. These agents include blockers of voltage-dependent transmitter release, such as cobalt, as well as glutamate receptor antagonists, such as CNQX and kynurenic acid. Conversely, perfusion with agents that increase synaptic activity through activation of the glutamate receptors, such as AMPA or kainate, reduces the magnitude of suppression during the extended refractory period. The extended refractory period is greatly reduced by iberiotoxin and tetraethylammonium (TEA), indicating it may be mediated in large part by a calcium-dependent potassium channel. The ability to modulate the extended refractory period with changes in synaptic input suggests a simple, dynamic mechanism by which strong input (i.e., large or frequent excitatory postsynaptic potentials) can be strengthened and weak inputs weakened.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Dawkins R,Sewell WFdoi
10.1152/jn.01107.2003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-08-01 00:00:00pages
1105-15issue
2eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
01107.2003journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. Intracellular recordings from neostriatal neurons in an in vitro slice preparation of the rat brain were used to analyze the pharmacological sensitivity of the action potential (AP) repolarization and the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that follows a single action potential. The interspike voltage trajectory and the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.1.287
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural oscillations are observed ubiquitously in the mammalian brain, but their stability is known to be rather variable. Some oscillations are tonic and last for seconds or even minutes. Other oscillations appear as unstable bursts. Likewise, some oscillations rely on excitatory AMPAergic synapses, but others are GAB...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00119.2020
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose that the descending command from area 4 that is responsible, in part, for the change in limb trajectory required to step over an obstacle in one's path also plays a role in triggering the anticipatory postural modifications that accompany this movement. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the discharge cha...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.406
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discharge of muscle spindle afferents from monkey spindle afferents from monkey jaw-closing muscles was studied during mastication of natural foods by extracellular recording from the fibers or cell bodies of the tract and mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve. In all, 39 muscle afferents were studied. The spin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.3.560
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to explore the neuronal mechanisms responsible for muscle atonia that occurs after the microinjection of bicuculline into the nucleus pontis oralis (NPO). Specifically, we wished to test the hypothesis that motoneurons are postsynaptically inhibited after the microinjection of bicucull...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1908
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During anticipated postural perturbations induced by limb movement, the central nervous system generates anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in the trunk and hip musculature to minimize disturbances to equilibrium. Age-related changes in functional organization of the nervous system may contribute to changes in A...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00428.2018
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regional blood oxygenation in the cerebellum and posterior cerebral cortices was monitored with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at four Tesla while 16 normal subjects performed three tasks with identical visual stimulation: fixation; attention focused upon either stimulus shape or color and sustained duri...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1535
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) on rat paraventricular nucleus (PVN) putative parvocellular neurons using whole cell patch-clamp recordings and single-cell reverse transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (single-cell RT-mPCR) techniques. Under c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01325.2004
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A quantal analysis of transmission at the identified molluscan synapse, V2-RPr1, was performed during development. The study was intended to determine the pre- and postsynaptic contributions to the marked changes in transmitter release described in the previous report. 2. The success of the quantal analysis was pre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.6.2211
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Two subtypes of astrocytes that expressed distinctly different ion channel complements were identified in primary cultures from rat spinal cord and hippocampus using whole cell patch-clamp techniques. One population of cells expressed voltage-activated Na+ currents and displayed outwardly rectifying I-V relationshi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.626
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular function is regulated by a dynamic balance composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Sympathoexcitatory presympathetic neurons (PSNs) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla project directly to cardiac and vasomotor sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord. In proximity to the PSNs ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01054.2012
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although T-type Ca(2+) channels in the reticular thalamic nucleus (nRT) have a central function in tuning neuronal excitability and are implicated in sensory processing, sleep, and epilepsy, the mechanisms involved in their regulation are poorly understood. Here we recorded T-type Ca(2+) currents from intact nRT neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00926.2006
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unitary excitatory (EPSP) and inhibitory (IPSP) postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were evoked between neurons in Rexed's laminae (L)II-V of spinal slices from young hamsters (7-24 days old) at 27°C using paired whole cell recordings. Laminar differences in synaptic efficacy were observed: excitatory connections were more...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00684.2010
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We reexamined the important areas of conflict in (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid [(1S,3R)-ACPD]-induced potentiation of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and, for the first time, investigated the role of mGluRs in EPSP-spike (E-S) coupling. 2. (1S,3R)-ACPD (10 microM) bath applied...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.3126
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Somatic K currents of cultured hippocampal, striatal, and spinal cord neurons of embryonic rat were recorded under voltage clamp in membrane spheres ("blebs") excised by means of a tight-seal pipette. 2. The somatic K current in blebs was subject to rapid and near complete inactivation during 300-ms depolarizations...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.5.1708
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subacute and chronic changes in tonic GABAergic inhibition occur in human and experimental epilepsy. Less is known about how tonic inhibition is modulated over shorter time frames (seconds). We measured endogenous tonic GABA currents from cultured rat hippocampal neurons to evaluate how they are affected by 1) transie...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00460.2012
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synapsin is a synaptic vesicle-associated protein implicated in the regulation of vesicle trafficking and transmitter release, but its role in heterosynaptic plasticity remains elusive. Moreover, contradictory results have obscured the contribution of synapsin to homosynaptic plasticity. We previously reported that th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00604.2007
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. High-threshold Ca2+ currents were studied in large pyramidal cells acutely dissociated from the rat amygdaloid complex. L-, N-, and P-type currents were present in about equal proportions in these cells and accounted for most of the whole-cell current. ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.433
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Using the patch-clamp technique, we investigated whether the glutamate-elicited current in mechanically isolated cone photoreceptors from the salamander retina is generated by a Cl- channel or a glutamate transporter. 2. The current reversed near the equilibrium potential for Cl-, was decreased by three Cl- channel...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.4.1760
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The active stiffness of ventral superficial abdominal muscle (VSM) of the hermit crab, Pagurus pollicarus, was measured with ramp stretches of different amplitudes and velocities. Active stiffness was calculated by subtracting the peak force produced by passive stretch and the isometric force just before stretch fr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1989.62.5.997
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prominent arginine-vasopressin (AVP) binding and AVP V(1) type receptors are expressed early in the developing rat spinal cord. We sought to characterize their influence on neural excitability by using patch-clamp techniques to record AVP-induced responses from a population of motoneurons and interneurons in neonatal ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1202
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responses of low characteristic-frequency (CF) neurons in the inferior colliculus were obtained to amplitude-modulated (AM) high-frequency tones in which the modulation rate was equal to the neuron's CF. Despite all spectral components lying outside the pure tone-evoked response areas, discharge rates were modulated b...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00034.2004
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In four human subjects, we measured the latency of saccadic eye movements made to a second, eccentric target after an initial, foveated target was extinguished. In separate interleaved trails, the targets were either both stationary ("fixation") or both moving with the same velocity ("pursuit"). For both fixation a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.4175
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Many cells in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of the monkey that represent the foveal region of the visual field discharge during pursuit eye movements. Damage to these areas produces a deficit in the maintenance of pursuit eye movements when the target towards the side of the brain with the lesion. In the prese...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1989.62.1.31
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plantar cutaneous afferent transmission is critical for recovery of locomotion in spinalized animals, whereas a phase-dependent reflex modulation is apparent during fictive or real locomotion. In nine people with a chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) the effects of foot sole stimulation on the soleus H-reflex and tibiali...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00880.2009
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of GAT-3 transporters in regulating GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition was examined in the rat neocortex using an in vitro slice preparation. Pharmacologically isolated GABA(A) receptor-mediated responses were recorded from layer V neocortical pyramidal cells, and the effects of SNAP-5114, a GAT-3 GABA tran...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00420.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor-unit synchronization, which is a measure of the near simultaneous discharge of action potentials by motor units, has the potential to influence spike-triggered average force and the steadiness of a low-force isometric contraction. The purpose of the study was to estimate the contribution of motor-unit synchroniz...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.1.358
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several models exist for explaining primary visual cortex (V1) orientation tuning. The modified feedforward model (MFM) and the recurrent model (RM) are major examples. We have implemented these two models, at the same level of detail, alongside a few newer variations, and thoroughly compared their receptive-field str...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00015.2005
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pair of antagonistic thermoreceptive cells is associated with each of two peg-in-pit sensilla located on the antennal tip of Aedes aegypti. One, the warm cell, responds to rapid warming with a sudden increase in the rate of discharge. The other, a cold cell, responds to rapid cooling with a sudden increase in the di...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01164.2004
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. K+ conductances were characterized in isolated, identified superior colliculus-projecting (SCP) rat visual cortical neurons. SCP neurons were identified in vitro under epifluorescence illumination after in vivo retrograde labeling with rhodamine-labeled microspheres or "beads." For experiments, SCP neurons were iso...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2163
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00