Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:We investigated the frequencies of the functionally important variants of the CYP2A6 gene in black African populations. METHODS:Using genomic DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism and allele-specific PCR, the allele frequencies of CYP2A6 *1A, *1B, *2, *4A, *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *10 and * 11 among 120 black Africans- including 105 Ghanaians, 12 Nigerians, 2 Ivorians and 1 Ugandan-were determined. RESULTS:The allele frequencies were 80.5% for CYP2A6*1A, 11.9% for CYP2A6*1B, 1.9% for CYP2A6*4A and 5.7% for CYP2A6*9 in the Ghanaian subjects. No subject homozygous for the CYP2A6*4A allele, a whole gene deletion type of polymorphism prevalent among Orientals, was found. Furthermore, CYP2A6 variants such as *2, *5, *6, *7, *8, *10 and *11 were absent in these black African populations. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides, for the first time, the results of the analysis of CYP2A6 allele frequency in black African populations and confirms large ethnic differences in the polymorphic CYP2A6 gene.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Gyamfi MA,Fujieda M,Kiyotani K,Yamazaki H,Kamataki Tdoi
10.1007/s00228-004-0854-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-02-01 00:00:00pages
855-7issue
12eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:The present study was carried out to investigate current prescribing and dispensing practices in the largest two teaching hospitals in Sudan and compare them with those of published studies in developing countries. METHODS:A descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted among hospital outpa...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-006-0216-x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have compared the effect on ventilation of ketorolac, an injectable non-steroidal analgesic, with that of morphine in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, using two doses of ketorolac (10 and 90 mg i.m.) and one of morphine (10 mg i.m.). The effect on ventilation was measured with a CO2 rebreathing techniq...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00558243
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The aim of this study was to quantify the reasons and opinions of patients who reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the Netherlands to a pharmacovigilance centre. METHOD:A web-based questionnaire was sent to 1370 patients who had previously reported an ADR to a pharmacovigilance centre. The data were analysed...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-010-0865-7
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Olaparib is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated for ovarian and metastatic breast cancer. Increased serum creatinine levels have been observed in patients taking olaparib, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to investigate if patients receiving olaparib have increased...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-03070-0
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to define the pharmacokinetic profile of free carbamazepine (F-CBZ) in adult Omani epileptic patients in order to improve on dosing schedules through population pharmacokinetic analysis using the NONMEM program. METHOD:Steady-state trough F-CBZ serum concentrations, carbamazepine (C...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280100300
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nine healthy adults were administered indocyanine green (ICG) 0.5 mg.kg-1 IV alone and after the administration of the following oral drugs: nifedipine 10 mg, propranolol 80 mg, propranolol 80 mg and nifedipine 10 mg, and propranolol 80 mg after nifedipine 10 mg every 8 h for 5 days. Heart rate and mean arterial blood...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00679780
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ninety-six depressed outpatients from 5 centres were given viloxazine 200-400 mg/day. The treatment produced significant clinical improvement as evaluated by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Thirteen patients dropped-out because of possible side effects. Many untoward symptoms were described by all the patien...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00613832
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty-eight severely hypertensive patients were treated with oral clonidine. Each patient received a "loading" dose of 0.2 mg clonidine, followed by 0.1 mg hourly until the blood pressure was substantially reduced, or until a total dose of 0.8 mg has been administered. Thirty-five (82.1%) patients responded favourabl...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00606664
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concentrations of lormetazepam and its glucuronide in plasma and milk were determined during administration of 10 daily doses of lormetazepam 2 mg (2 tablets of Noctamid-1) to five mothers delivered by Caesarian section. Their babies were breast-fed throughout the study, and the plasma levels of lormetazepam and i...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00542330
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of the study was to develop a European list of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) for older people, which can be used for the analysis and comparison of prescribing patterns across European countries and for clinical practice. METHODS:A preliminary PIM list was developed, based on the German P...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00228-015-1860-9
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The debrisoquine hydroxylation phenotype was studied in 152 unselected healthy Tasmanian subjects, who were mostly Caucasians of British ancestry. Following a 10 mg oral dose of debrisoquine (D), the ratio of D/4-hydroxydebrisoquine excreted in 8-h urine (metabolic ratio, MR) was determined. MR values were bimodally d...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315235
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects on renal hemodynamics and salt-water handling of equipotent doses of the cardioselective beta-blocker metoprolol (M, 100 mg) and of the non-selective (intrinsic sympathetic activity) beta-antagonist pindolol (P, 10 mg) were compared in 30 WHO Grade 1-2 hypertensive men. M lowered pulse rate more than P. Sy...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00558292
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate statin use in the elderly by age (≥ 80 vs. 65-79 years) in relation to established indications. METHODS:A population-based cohort, including data from four registers, encompassing inhabitants in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, was used. Statin users were defined as those filling statin prescript...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-019-02645-w
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of benazepril and amlodipine in monotherapy versus in combination with plasma t-PA and PAI-1 activity in hypertensive type-2 diabetic patients. METHODS:After an initial 6-week wash-out, single-blind placebo period, 38 patients, 17 men and 21 females, were rand...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-003-0621-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Until recently, ondansetron was approved for the prevention of nausea and vomiting only in patients older than 2 years. However, as the use of ondansetron in patients younger than 2 years had been documented, characterization of ondansetron pharmacokinetics in this younger pediatric age group was warranted. ME...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00228-009-0730-8
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of cimetidine in general practice was studied in relation to the guidelines approved by the Dutch National Drug Regulatory Agency (DRA). National and regional figures showed that the frequency with which cimetidine was prescribed in general practice was greater than could be explained on the basis of approved ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00542346
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to analyse inter-and intra-country quantitative and qualitative differences in anti-asthmatic prescriptions to children and adolescents. METHODS:A literature search was performed in EMBASE and MEDLINE to identify pharmaco-epidemiological studies published from January 1, 2000 ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-010-0845-y
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Pharmacokinetic parameters are important for dose adjustment of aminoglycosides, but they are highly variable in neonates. In this study the pharmacokinetics of a netilmicin loading dose was investigated on the first postnatal day in preterm neonates with very low gestational age (GA). METHODS:In an open pro...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-006-0153-8
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis concurrently treated with choline magnesium trisalicylate, ibuprofen, naproxen, or a non-NSAID analgesic (control treatment). The apparent systemic clearance of methotrexate was significantly reduced by all three treatments. Tri...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00278469
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of theophylline was investigated in five hyperthyroid, five hypothyroid, and five euthyroid patients, all with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Wide individual variability was found in theophylline kinetics, but the rate of elimination of theophylline was significantly higher in hyperthyroid...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00544240
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Our objectives were to assess the detection and incidence of drug-induced agranulocytosis in two university hospitals using hematology laboratory data. METHODS:A prospective study was undertaken at Toulouse University Hospital (France) and Navarra University Hospital (Spain) for 1 year (from 1 May 2004 to 30 Apri...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-006-0242-8
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of propranolol, a drug commonly used in cardiovascular disorders, to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) was studied in vitro in malnutrition. Compared to normal and hospital controls, the level of AGP was found to be elevated in undernourished subjects with and without infection. In the same patients the free...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00547044
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To explore the views and perspectives of children on the unlicensed/off-label use of medicines in children and on the participation of children in clinical trials. METHODS:Focus-group discussions, involving school children, were carried out in a range of primary and secondary schools in Northern Ireland. A ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-011-1110-8
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Spinal-cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of neuropathic pain (NP). Current pharmaceutical treatments for NP in SCI patients are not effective. Two promising options are gabapentin (GP) and pregabalin (PB). Their predominant mechanism of action is believed to be the inhibition of calcium currents, leading ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-008-0523-5
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:After liver transplantation (LT), genotypic differences between the recipient and the transplanted liver, medications and post-LT complications may all affect drug metabolism. We have studied the effect of two CYP2D6 mutations in the donor and the recipient on post-LT CYP2D6 phenotype. METHOD:The CYP2D6 phen...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050419
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSES:Tacrolimus (TAC) is the most widely used immunosuppressant for the prevention of acute rejection after solid organ transplantation. Its pharmacokinetics (PK) show considerable variability, making TAC a good candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The principal aim of the study was to describe the PK o...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-013-1501-0
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The plasma levels and myocardial content of verapamil and its metabolites norverapamil, N-dealkylverapamil and N-dealkylnorverapamil were determined in 15 patients with valvular [3] or ischaemic [12] heart disease. The mean myocardial plasma concentration ratio (M/P) was 7.05 for verapamil, 11.45 for norverapamil, 8.9...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00607910
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of treatment with diflunisal on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of indomethacin has been studied in 16 healthy volunteers. The steady-state plasma concentration and AUC of indomethacin were significantly increased two- to threefold during treatment with diflunisal and its total clearance and total volume ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00558077
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The new competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist, ramixotidine 2 HCl (CM 57755), has been tested in healthy male volunteers for its ability to inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. In the first study, in 8 subjects, pentagastrin 6 micrograms.kg-1 was injected s.c., 90 min after the following 4 or...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00637671
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclofenil was given as a single oral dose of 200 mg, and also as 200 mg/day for eight days, to seven healthy female volunteers. Plasma was analyzed for the active metabolite and pharmacokinetic modelling was performed. A biological half life of 29 h was bound after the single dose and 18 h after the eighth day of con...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00561952
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
