Abstract：
:The present experiments were designed to evaluate pharmacologically the role of three neuroanatomically related systems--dopamine, glutamate and GABA--in the motor-stimulant response to amphetamine and cocaine. The data indicate that stimulant-induced stereotypy is blocked by antagonists of all three systems and that agonists of all three systems administered into the striatum induce stereotypy. Furthermore, the interaction among them occurs in the striatum; and the reaction sequence, as determined by the effect of the relatively selective antagonists on agonist-induced stereotypy, appears to be a dopaminergic activation of a glutamatergic system which in turn activates a GABAergic system. Because the GABAergic system represents the major efferents from the striatum, the evidence suggests that the motor-stimulatory effects of amphetamine and cocaine result from a disinhibition of inhibitory systems in the thalamus, resulting in facilitation of excitation in the cortex.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Karler R,Calder LD,Thai LH,Bedingfield JBdoi
10.1016/0006-8993(94)01334-esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-02-06 00:00:00pages
100-4issue
1eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
0006-8993(94)01334-Ejournal_volume
671pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:Alzheimer׳s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with elusive pathogenesis, which accounts for most cases of dementia in the aged population. It has been reported that persistent inflammatory responses and excessive chemotaxis of microglia stimulated by beta-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers in the brain may accelerate th...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.035
更新日期：2015-08-27 00:00:00
abstract：:In rat models of absence epilepsy, epileptic spike-wave discharges appeared in EEG spontaneously, and the incidence of epileptic activity increases with age. Spike-wave discharges and sleep spindles are known to share common thalamo-cortical mechanism, suggesting that absence seizures might affect some intrinsic prope...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.001
更新日期：2014-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently developed antisera selective for angiotensin Type 2 (AT2) receptors were used to localize AT2 receptors in rat brain by immunohistochemistry. While the results from these experiments were largely consistent with previous autoradiographic and radioligand binding analyses of AT2 receptor populations in brain, t...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(94)90794-3
更新日期：1994-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Binding sites for iodinated endothelin (ET)-2, ET-3 and vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) were visualised in the adult rat brain using quantitative autoradiography and have a similar anatomical distribution to that of ET-1 and sarafotoxin S6b. Highest densities of binding sites for all 5 labelled peptides were pr...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(91)90201-6
更新日期：1991-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diminished dopaminergic neurotransmission contributes to decreased reward and negative eating behaviors in obesity. Bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for obesity and rapidly reduces hunger and improves satiety through unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that dopaminergic neurotransmission would...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.064
更新日期：2010-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Glia represents the most numerous group of nervous system cells and CNS development and function depend on glial cells. We developed a purified Muller glia culture to investigate the expression of several neurotransmitter markers on these cells, such as dopaminergic, cholinergic, GABAergic and peptidergic receptors or...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.031
更新日期：2005-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of escapable and yoked inescapable electric tailshocks on extracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT) in the basolateral amygdala were measured by in vivo microdialysis. Inescapable, but not escapable, shock increased extracellular 5-HT in the amygdala relative to restrained controls. Basal levels of 5-HT wer...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00960-3
更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Chromatography of partially purified choline acetyltransferase (CAT) over carboxymethyl cellulose may result in the loss of up to 95% of the enzyme activity. This loss of activity can be prevented by running the chromatographs at low protein concentration with a large gradient volume suggesting that interactions betwe...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(83)90552-8
更新日期：1983-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro evidence indicates that norepinephrine release in the mammalian hippocampus is modulated by glutamate receptors. With the use of microdialysis, we have now evaluated the role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the regulation of hippocampal norepinephrine output in vivo. Stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.065
更新日期：2011-04-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Smoking is considered the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, but studies in animals suggest that nicotine is only weakly reinforcing. The maintenance of a dangerous habit by a weakly reinforcing agent has been the topic of some dispute. Using a two-lever "choice" self-administration procedure dev...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03215-2
更新日期：2002-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present report is to investigate in detail morphometric changes of axon terminals of area 17 of adult cat induced by methylmercury intoxication. Six adult male cats (Felix catus), with 12 h day-light cycle and ad libitum water and food regimen, received a single dose of MeHgCl (6.4 mg/kg) dissolved in m...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.09.036
更新日期：2008-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of pre-treatment of synaptic membranes with beta-adrenoceptor agonists and cholera toxin on [3H]clonidine and [3H]yohimbine binding were examined in rat cerebral cortex. Pre-incubation of cerebral cortical membranes with isoproterenol (10 or 200 microM) or dobutamine (1, 10 or 200 microM) at 37 degrees C for 4...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90531-1
更新日期：1985-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to determine differences in cortical processing of consonant-vowel syllables and acoustically matched non-speech sounds, as well as novel human and nonhuman sounds. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to vowel, vowel duration, consonant, syllable intensity, and frequency chan...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.052
更新日期：2010-04-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Fos expression in vestibular brainstem and cerebellar regions was evaluated during vestibular adaptation in the Mongolian gerbil. In addition, vestibular adaptation was evaluated in both normal and compensated animals, as vestibular compensation reorganizes the vestibular pathway constraining adaptive processes. Behav...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2005.05.029
更新日期：2005-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:YM-14673 is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog that has a modification of the N-terminal (pyroglutamyl) moiety of the tripeptide. It is longer acting than TRH and has substantially greater potency with regard to central facilitatory activity. In the present studies, the effect of YM-14673 was examined in rat...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(89)90509-x
更新日期：1989-05-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Starvation inhibits egg-laying in the snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. In starved animals the neurosecretory Caudo-Dorsal Cells (CDC), which produce the egg-laying hormone, are hyperpolarized as compared to the CDC of controls. However, they are more responsive to repetitive intracellular stimulation, which induces the hormo...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)90528-5
更新日期：1982-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The conduction velocity of frog ischiadic nerves incubated in vitro in osmolarities between 220 and 1000 mOsm decreased with the degree of fiber shrinkage. The latter (non-circularity factor) was determined from computer-assisted measurements in freeze-substituted or in chemically fixed fibers. Freeze-substituted norm...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(84)90546-8
更新日期：1984-04-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) causes selective motor neuron loss through unknown mechanisms of cell damage. Damaged neurons frequently undergo apoptosis mediated by the p53 cell survival regulator. We therefore studied whether motor neuron diseas...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02745-1
更新日期：2000-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Two neuropeptides reacting with antibodies directed against the C-terminal region of somatostatin 28(1-12) were purified to homogeneity from rat brain extracts. Amino acid analysis revealed that the larger peptide (8 kdaltons) consisted of 76 amino acids. Microsequencing established its aminoterminal structure as: Ala...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(84)91394-5
更新日期：1984-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Norepinephrine (NE), acting on brain adrenoceptors, plays an important role in barrel field neuronal activity and plasticity. For this reason, the distribution of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the somatosensory cortex barrel field was studied by autoradiographic techniques in rats undergoing plastic change or ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(93)90005-8
更新日期：1993-09-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of low-antinociceptive doses of selective mu- (DAMGO) or delta- (DPDPE) opioid agonists on the dose-dependent antinociceptive effects produced by intrathecal administration of sequentially increasing doses of selective mu-, delta-, or kappa-(U50,488H) opioid agonist...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)91449-o
更新日期：1992-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous companion paper [Brain Res. 846 (1999) 87-105] we have shown that the dorsal root activity of a decerebrate cat is composed of both orthodromic and antidromic discharges as determined by spike triggered averaging (STA). Furthermore we have shown that, during fictive locomotion in decerebrate and paralyze...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2003.08.067
更新日期：2004-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:In situ hybridization (ISH) is an essential technique for mapping gene expression in the brain. Although many ISH protocols provide for quantitative analysis of individual mRNAs in different brain regions or across experimental conditions, this technique has lacked the necessary standardization for quantitative compar...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2003.11.069
更新日期：2004-03-12 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred and four visual units of the (ventral) lateral geniculate nucleus (GL) of chicks (Gallus domesticus) were studied with extracellular microelectrodes. Most were extremely responsive to moving targets even at low speeds (0.1 degrees/sec). They were classified as follows. (1) movement-sensitive units with uni...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(79)90823-0
更新日期：1979-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Immobilization of frogs for 1 h induces analgesia which is blocked but not reversed by low doses of naloxone. After 9 days of daily immobilization for 1 h, the treatment fails to cause analgesia thus indicating that tolerance has developed. Animals tolerant to immobilization-induced analgesia do not show cross-toleran...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(84)90073-8
更新日期：1984-04-02 00:00:00
abstract：:To clarify the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites on desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor channel in mouse skeletal muscle cells, we investigated the time-dependent decrease in the channel opening frequency of ACh (1 microM)-activated channel currents by the cell-attached patch c...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02206-4
更新日期：2000-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The discontinuous terminal distributions of thalamo- and nigrostriatal axons were examined in adjacent tissue sections from single cat brains by combined anterograde labeling with tritiated proline autoradiography and wheat germ-horseradish peroxidase histochemistry. Injection of one tracer into the centromedian-paraf...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90287-2
更新日期：1985-05-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Abdominal musculature participates in generating a large number of behaviors and protective reflexes, although each abdominal muscle is frequently activated differentially during particular motor responses. For example, rectus abdominis has been reported to play less of a role in respiration than other abdominal muscl...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02597-5
更新日期：2001-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported that some neurons in the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) are tonically activated by endogenous angiotensins in rats and that activities of these angiotensin II-sensitive neurons in the AHA are enhanced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In addition, neural activations induced by bot...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.029
更新日期：2005-02-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies in our laboratory using rat brain tissue have shown that neuropeptide Y (NPY) can enhance NMDA- and potassium-stimulated dopamine release from various brain regions and that this enhancement is reversed by sigma (sigma) receptor antagonists. In the current study, we sought to determine whether SH-SY5Y...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02722-0
更新日期：2000-09-22 00:00:00
