A hemagglutinating substance in chitin.

abstract：:An assay is described in which an oligonucleotide probe is specifically digested by lambda exonuclease only when it is annealed to its complementary sequence. In this assay, a cycling effect occurs whereby a small amount of target sequence acts as a specific co-factor in the enzymatic degradation of a larger number of...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Copley CG,Boot C

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:SOP3 is a web-based software tool for designing oligonucleotide primers for use in the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Accessible via the Internet, the application is optimized for developing the PCR and sequencing primers that are necessary for Pyrosequencing. The application accepts as input gene...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Alexander AM,Pecoraro C,Styche A,Rudert WA,Benos PV,Ringquist S,Trucco M

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blue/white selection is the standard method for detecting a cloned DNA fragment. In the absence of an insert, uninterrupted expression of the vector-encoded alpha-complement of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), results in the hydrolysis of X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside) and the subsequent blue stai...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Heuermann K,Cosgrove J

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report here an improved method for analyzing protein surface expression utilizing a cold-adapted trypsin. Preservation of activity of the enzyme at 0-4°C permits modification of the protease method of surface analysis to temperatures at which trafficking of mammalian plasmalemmal proteins is blocked. This is an imp...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Ahmad F,Coleman SK,Kaila K,Blaesse P

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of reverse transcription (RT) PCR for relative quantitation of gene transcripts relies on the reproducibility of the individual RT, PCR and product measurement steps. Semi-competitive RT-PCR (RT-cPCR) uses an internal competitor template in the PCR step to improve quantitation. We have surveyed the reproducibi...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Hall LL,Bicknell GR,Primrose L,Pringle JH,Shaw JA,Furness PN

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tandemly polymerized regulatory elements, antisense RNA segments or ribozymes are potentially useful in selective gene silencing. However, existing methods of tandemly polymerizing short DNA segments are laborious. We present a procedure that can create cloned arrays of 40-70 monomer units in two steps. We have create...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Graham GJ,Maio JJ

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic immunization is an attractive approach to generate antibodies because native proteins are expressed in vivo with normal posttranscriptional modifications, avoiding time-consuming and costly antigen isolation or synthesis. Hydrodynamic tail or limb vein delivery of naked plasmid DNA expression vectors was used ...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Bates MK,Zhang G,Sebestyén MG,Neal ZC,Wolff JA,Herweijer H

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have utilized 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU) substituted DNA as a probe for a number of applications including, principally, for chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) but also for DNA end-labeling to detect apoptotic cell death and for filter hybridization. Br-dUTP was used as a substitute...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Mühlmann-Díaz MC,Dullea RG,Bedford JS

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene expression studies require analysis of RNA, but isolation of total RNA from very small samples by traditional methods can be difficult and inefficient. The Absolutely RNA microprep kit provides a convenient method for isolating total RNA from small numbers of cells such as those harvested by laser capture microdi...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Dolter KE,Braman JC

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescent dye terminator Sanger sequencing (FTSS), with detection by automated capillary electrophoresis (CE), has long been regarded as the gold standard for variant detection. However, software analysis and base-calling algorithms used to detect mutations were largely optimized for resequencing applications in whi...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Davidson CJ,Zeringer E,Champion KJ,Gauthier MP,Wang F,Boonyaratanakornkit J,Jones JR,Schreiber E

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A fully automated nucleic acid analysis system is described, which offers positive sample identification, improved sensitivity and reduced user interaction compared to conventional techniques. The system relies on the sequence-specific capture of DNA onto solid-phase particles, confirming product identity without the ...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Brown A,Akinsanya AA,Barker SJ,Brophy M,Dobb AK,Doyle SM,Hudson IR,Minter SJ,Wraith MJ,Oultram JD

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new qualitative PCR product detection assay called competitive amplified single mutation detection by selective probe hybridization immunoassay (CASSI) was developed for genotyping the most common apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphisms. Single target DNA strands immobilized using biotin on streptavidin-coated micropl...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Köhler T,Rost AK,Purschwitz K,Vondran S,Remke H,Wagner O,Richter V

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequencing of the human genome in combination with computational annotation has provided tremendous data on predicted genes. However, for most of them, no corresponding cDNAs are available yet. Furthermore, even where cDNA clones were obtained, gene transcripts often have many different splice variants that are not co...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Mitani Y,Nakayama T,Harbers M,Hayashizaki Y

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The yeast two-hybrid system has been used to characterize many protein-protein interactions. A two-hybrid system for E. coli was constructed in which one hybrid protein bound to a specific DNA site recruits another to an adjacent DNA binding site. The first hybrid comprises a test protein, the bait, fused to a chimeri...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Hays LB,Chen YS,Hu JC

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a novel gene amplification method, enables the synthesis of larger amounts of both DNA and a visible byproduct--namely, magnesium pyrophosphate--without thermal cycling. A positive reaction is indicated by the turbidity of the reaction solution or the color change after a...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Goto M,Honda E,Ogura A,Nomoto A,Hanaki K

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies specific to avian myeloblastosis virus envelope glycoprotein gp80 were raised. Immunoliposomes were prepared using anti-avian myeloblastosis virus envelope glycoprotein gp80 antibody. The antibody was palmitoylated to facilitate its incorporation into lipid bilayers of liposomes. The fluorescence emission s...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Kalvakolanu DV,Abraham A

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sample automation and management is increasingly important as the number and size of population-scale and high-throughput projects grow. This is particularly the case in large-scale population studies where sample size is far outpacing the commonly used 96-well plate format. To facilitate management and transfer of sa...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Cario CL,Witte JS

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is an enormous initiative to establish the genetic basis for disorders of brain function. Unfortunately, genetic intervention is not accomplished easily in the nervous system. One strategy is to engineer and deliver to neurons specialized viral vectors that carry a gene (or genes) of interest, thereby exploiting...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Neve RL,Neve KA,Nestler EJ,Carlezon WA Jr

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serum protein transferrin (Tf) is a valuable marker for genetic studies of primates, because it is usually polymorphic, exhibiting as many as 13 allelic forms with high heterozygosity. The standard procedure to detect the different phenotypes requires vertical electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels for 18 h at 4 d...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Manis GS,Samples NK,Stone WH

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiolabeled proteins are used in a variety of laboratory applications as well as in radioimmunotherapy. This review focuses on methods that utilize genetic engineering to introduce exogenous phosphorylation sites into proteins. Protein kinase substrate sites can be introduced into target proteins to serve as tags for...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Clark WA,Izotova L,Philipova D,Wu W,Lin L,Pestka S

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are little independent data available about how well single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technologies perform in the typical molecular genetics laboratory. We evaluated the utility and accuracy of a widely used technology, template-directed dye-terminator incorporation with fluorescence-polarization ...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Akula N,Chen YS,Hennessy K,Schulze TG,Singh G,McMahon FJ

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we present a procedure for preparing amino acid mixtures--having both the desired composition and a physiological pH--at high concentrations for cell-free expression systems. Up to 2.1 mg/mL of active protein was synthesized in batch mode reactions with an all Escherichia coli cell-free expression system. Our met...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Caschera F,Noireaux V

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a simple and inexpensive method to quantitate loading and transfer of RNA and to examine RNA integrity for use with Northern hybridization. This technique involves quantitation by computer-assisted video densitometry of a negative photograph of 28S and 18S rRNA from ethidium bromide-stained RNA fixed to nylo...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Correa-Rotter R,Mariash CN,Rosenberg ME

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Determining the primary sequences of informational macromolecules is no longer a limiting factor for our ability to completely understand the biological functioning of cells and organisms. Similarly, our understanding of transcriptional regulation (transcriptomics) has been greatly enhanced by the availability of micr...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Kandpal R,Saviola B,Felton J

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A technique, Replacement PCR Mutagenesis, was developed to replace one immunoglobulin variable region (V) in a M13 phage cassette with a different, homologous V. This allows the use of the same mutagenesis and subsequent expression vectors for many V regions or V segments. The method combines PCR of V fragments and in...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Near RI

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Address correspondence to Martin A. Kennedy, Department of Pathology & Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand. E-mail: martin.kennedy@otago.ac.nz. ...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Stevens AJ,Appleby S,Kennedy MA

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary human fibroblasts and a series of cell lines (A549, BNL CL.2, H225, NIH 3T3 and Rat-1) are efficiently transfected by using positively charged complexes of plasmid DNA and transferrin-polylysine or polylysine in the presence of glycerol (1 molar to 1.8 molar, depending on the cell type). An increase in gene ex...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Zauner W,Kichler A,Schmidt W,Sinski A,Wagner E

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Replication studies on human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) rely on a few laboratory strains that are divergent from dominant HIV-1 subtypes in the epidemic. Several phenotypic differences between diverse HIV-1 isolates and subtypes could affect vaccine development and treatment, but this research field lacks robust...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Dudley DM,Gao Y,Nelson KN,Henry KR,Nankya I,Gibson RM,Arts EJ

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) was adapted to the genotyping of the N-arylamine-acetyltransferase (NAT2) gene. This assay allows the use of 96-well microplates and robotic workstations for high sample throughput. We found this assay to be accurate, efficient and reliable. Another advantage for epidemiologica...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Bigler J,Chen C,Potter JD

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method for conserving primers and differently labeled fluorogenic hydrolysis (i.e., TaqMan) probes at ambient conditions is presented. Primers and hydrolysis probes with four different fluorophore-quencher combinations (6- FAM-BHQ1, HEX-BHQ1, ROX-BHQ650, and Cy5-BHQ2) were mixed with trehalose and xanthan at final c...

journal_title：BioTechniques

authors： Rombach M,Kosse D,Faltin B,Wadle S,Roth G,Zengerle R,von Stetten F

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00