Abstract:
:Sleeping and dreaming always have been a fundamental part of human existence. Most early writing on these subjects was almost entirely speculation. During the twentieth century, however, scientific observation and experimentation abounded. This article emphasizes the evolution of the key concepts and research findings that characterize sleep research and sleep medicine, crucial discoveries and developments in the formative years of the field, and those principles and practices that have stood the test of time.
journal_name
Neurol Clinjournal_title
Neurologic clinicsauthors
Dement WCdoi
10.1016/j.ncl.2005.07.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-11-01 00:00:00pages
945-65, vissue
4eissn
0733-8619issn
1557-9875pii
S0733-8619(05)00058-7journal_volume
23pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::Myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can be challenging to diagnose. This review provides a diagnostic approach based predominantly on the clinical history and neurologic examination. Laboratory testing that can be used to confirm the suspected diagnosis based on this pattern recognition approach is ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2014.04.008
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability. Despite its high incidence, acute management remains controversial. Most current forms of therapy are designed to reduce complications of a recent stroke or prevent recurrences. Experimental data suggest that the optimal time for intervention is the hour immedi...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite important advances in the treatment of epilepsy over the past several decades, many patients remain uncontrolled. Partial complex (psychomotor) seizures are the largest problem, with less than two thirds of patients successfully managed despite optimal medication use. In these situations, various surgical proc...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system plays a significant role in Alzheimer disease (AD). β-Amyloid deposition in the cortex is thought to be an initiating event in AD and the widely believed amyloid hypothesis proposes removal of amyloid may delay disease progression. Human trials of active or passive immune agents have failed to show b...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2013.03.012
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insomnia in its chronic form is present in high numbers of patients presenting to physicians. As older women who have medical problems have the highest rates of chronic insomnia, physicians must have a high index of suspicion and be prepared to explore various etiologic factors that might be operative. Treatment shoul...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2005.05.002
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injury to cranial nerves is a common sequela of blunt head trauma. The olfactory, facial, and audiovestibular nerves are damaged most often, followed by the optic and ocular motor nerves. The trigeminal and lower cranial nerves are rarely involved. Chances of recovery are greatest for the facial nerve, intermediate fo...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large body of medical and ethical opinion holds that it is justifiable to terminate medical treatment for permanently unconscious persons. But opponents of particular decisions to withhold or withdraw treatment may argue that the decisions violate laws against homicide, pose a threat to the lives of other less sever...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of changes have occurred in the management of Parkinson's disease in recent years, with the development of new therapeutic strategies based upon advances in pharmacotherapy and interventional procedures. The treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease is considered here with these advances in mind. Potenti...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70008-6
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its clinical introduction in the early 1980s, MRI has transformed the practice of differential diagnosis and disease monitoring for disorders affecting the central nervous system, in particular multiple sclerosis and the allied inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Widespread and dynamic inflammatory processes of...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.09.012
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be described as a disease with a poorly understood pathophysiologic mechanism and no treatment that dramatically impacts the course of the disease. Clinical trialists are faced with finding small treatment effects against a background of multiple potential treatments, a past history o...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.07.014
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electronystagmography in 1990 should identify a vestibular abnormality with which to associate the clinical symptoms. The vestibular test battery method and interpretation reveals its application in neurotologic diagnosis. ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recently described syndrome, disabling positional vertigo (DPV), is characterized by persistent and progressive vertigo that is always associated with nausea and occasionally with vomiting; symptoms are made worse with changes in head position and are lessened with bedrest. Patients with DPV have abnormal results on...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fourth edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines delirium as "a reversible state of confusion with a reduced level of consciousness manifest as an inability to focus, sustain or shift attention." Pharmacologic agents are important contributors to delirium in hospitalized elderly ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2004.01.001
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dementia, defined as progressive cognitive decline, is a feature of a wide variety of genetic disorders. For example, a search of "dementia" in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim) reveals 162 entries. Therefore this article cannot be encyclopedic and will be necessarily restricted to mo...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(01)00020-2
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe acquired brain injury has profound impact on alertness, cognition, and behavior. Among those who survive the initial injury, a significant minority fail to fully recover self and environmental awareness, and go on to experience prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOC) that can last a lifetime. Although there ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2011.07.009
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal and human research has clearly shown that anticonvulsants are teratogens and pose a risk for fetal malformations. In the case of dilantin it appears that fetal susceptibility correlates with the fetal level of the microsomal detoxifying enzyme epoxide hydrolase. The genetics of seizures in the parents does not ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vasculitides are diseases characterized by inflammation of blood vessels and inflammatory leukocytes in vessel walls. There is an increased propensity for ischemic stroke, resulting from compromise of vessel lumina with distal tissue ischemia; and hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic stroke, and aneurysmal formation and ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2019.01.004
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor and phonic tics represent the clinic hallmark of Tourette syndrome. Since there is no diagnostic test for tics, the clinical recognition of phenomenology is essential for proper diagnosis. Some, and possibly most, motor tics are preceded by a premonitory urge or sensation that is relieved by the execution of the...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70311-x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally, diseases affecting the motor unit had been subdivided based on anatomic criteria into diseases of the anterior horn cell, the peripheral nerve, the neuromuscular junction, and the muscle itself. For therapeutic considerations, however, a more precise cellular and clinicopathologic characterization of th...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The criteria that characterize restless legs syndrome (RLS) and the differential diagnoses are discussed. Clinical signs include sleep disturbance, involuntary movements in sleep or wakefulness, a normal neurologic examination, a chronic clinical course, and, in some cases, a positive family history. Periodic limb mov...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70277-2
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, the authors provide a conceptual framework in which to consider alternative approaches to identify the developmental consequences of exposing the developing brain to neurotoxic substances. Concepts underlying brain development and issues regarding neurobehavioral testing in children are reviewed. In a...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70210-3
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognizing and treating the cause of pain in the patient with cancer should be the initial approach to the management of this common symptom. Careful analysis of patients with cancer and pain has led to the elucidation of common neurologic pain syndromes unique to this disease process. Pain in patients with cancer is...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson disease (PD) is well recognized by its motor features of bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and gait and balance difficulties. However, PD is also characterized by a myriad of nonmotor symptoms, which may occur even before motor symptoms, early in the course of disease, and throughout the advancing disease. The...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2019.12.003
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many substances, organic and manufactured, may induce peripheral nerve damage when exposed to them. The expected clinical phenotype is of a distal, sensory or sensorimotor polyneuropathy, often painful, with axonal characteristics on electrodiagnostic and histopathologic analysis. Treatment is limited; often, the only...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2004.12.003
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders with recent evidence demonstrating differences in clinical features, pathologic changes, pathogenesis, and response to therapy. The inflammatory myopathies generally produce predominantly proximal, symmetric muscle weakness and wasting. Additional crit...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current law in the United States authorizes physicians to diagnose brain death by applying generally accepted neurologic criteria for determining loss of function of the entire brain. This article offers a medical-legal perspective on problems that may arise with respect to the determination of brain death. These incl...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70132-8
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As I have indicated in the foregoing discussion, there are several syndromes that with various degrees of proof seem to be caused by unilateral vascular compression of a cranial nerve at the brain stem. Jannetta has summarized this concept as follows: "As we age, our arteries elongate and our brains 'sag'. As a conseq...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is a proven effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke, it is often insufficient to achieve recanalization in patients with large intracranial artery occlusions. In these cases, intra-arterial reperfusion techniques may be useful. Intra-a...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2013.03.009
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legal issues must be considered in caring for patients with epilepsy. Doctors caring for people with epilepsy may be legally involved in three primary ways: as the agent of social control, as patient advocate, and as the target of liability or malpractice suits. This article examines these factors and the implications...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Personal experience indicates we sleep differently when sick. Data reviewed demonstrate the extent to which sleep is altered during the course of infection of host organisms by several classes of pathogens. One important unanswered question is whether or not the alterations in sleep during infection are of functional ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2006.03.002
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00