Abstract：
:Severe acquired brain injury has profound impact on alertness, cognition, and behavior. Among those who survive the initial injury, a significant minority fail to fully recover self and environmental awareness, and go on to experience prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOC) that can last a lifetime. Although there are no standards of care to guide clinical management, a growing body of empirical evidence is beginning to accrue to inform clinical decision making. In this article, we review the state of the science as it pertains to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with DOC.
journal_name
Neurol Clinjournal_title
Neurologic clinicsauthors
Hirschberg R,Giacino JTdoi
10.1016/j.ncl.2011.07.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-11-01 00:00:00pages
773-86issue
4eissn
0733-8619issn
1557-9875pii
S0733-8619(11)00055-7journal_volume
29pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract：:Dramatic progress has been made recently in diagnosing and treating herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). Advances in imaging technology have greatly enhanced our ability to diagnose the illness noninvasively. Acyclovir is of proven efficacy and is generally well-tolerated. The major clinical management problem is...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2008.03.005
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune system plays a significant role in Alzheimer disease (AD). β-Amyloid deposition in the cortex is thought to be an initiating event in AD and the widely believed amyloid hypothesis proposes removal of amyloid may delay disease progression. Human trials of active or passive immune agents have failed to show b...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2013.03.012
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Different types of conduction defects, avenues available for functional recovery after demyelination, therapeutic and diagnostic measures, and electrophysiologic testing are covered. ...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain metastases are a common complication of cancer and alter patient management more than metastases at any other site of distant progression. Supportive therapies include steroids and antiseizure medications. Definitive treatments include radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy. The optimal choice of treatment...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2007.07.011
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insomnia in its chronic form is present in high numbers of patients presenting to physicians. As older women who have medical problems have the highest rates of chronic insomnia, physicians must have a high index of suspicion and be prepared to explore various etiologic factors that might be operative. Treatment shoul...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2005.05.002
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neoplastic meningitis appears to be increasing in frequency with improvements in the treatment of many cancers. It is most often recognized in patients with leukemia, breast cancer, lymphomas, and small-cell cancer of the lung, although it may be seen with virtually any malignancy. Treatment should include intrathecal...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selecting appropriate laboratory tests in diagnosing peripheral neuropathies is important because it increases the yield of correct diagnoses and is cost effective. A large number of tests are available. This article provides a guide to selecting appropriate tests and reviews the clinical situations that suggest speci...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70246-2
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:SEPs may be recorded over the spine and scalp to stimulation of any accessible mixed or sensory nerve in the extremities. SEP abnormalities are useful in detecting lesions in central somatosensory pathways. They do not establish a specific diagnosis, but they may suggest or support a diagnosis made on clinical grounds...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A specific genetic diagnosis can be reached for most children with muscular dystrophy. Advanced diagnostics, including genetic testing and analysis of nonmuscle tissues, such as skin and blood, often allow the diagnosis to be reached using minimally invasive procedures. These diagnostic advances accompany improved und...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8619(03)00065-3
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adverse effects of fetal drug exposures are well documented. Evidence for FAS, impaired intrauterine growth, birth defects, and mental retardation related to alcohol is compelling; evidence for alcohol-induced adverse behaviors and impaired speech is tenuous. Teratogenic, cognitive, or behavioral effects associate...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unresponsive patients with or without catatonic motor signs are etiologically heterogeneous, and all require a comprehensive neurodiagnostic assessment to rule out organic causes. Most cases prove to be due to primary psychiatric disorders, mostly mood disorders, especially mania, rather than schizophrenia. These pati...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2011.07.006
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paraproteinemia frequently is associated with peripheral neuropathy. The clinical manifestations can be protean owing to the potential for multiple organ involvement. A methodical diagnostic approach to patients who have a plasma cell dyscrasia and neuropathy is necessary to ensure the appropriate detection of more wi...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2006.12.002
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug-induced seizures are a commonly encountered problem for physicians. In this article, drugs that cause seizures are discussed with regards to the incidence of seizures, associated clinical factors, risk factors, and special treatment considerations. This information should help physicians determine appropriate eva...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Overall, the majority of patients with optic pathway tumors will have stable disease regardless if they are radiated or receive chemotherapy. This is a very indolent tumor system and, for the most part, not a threat to life. Because of this, issues regarding appropriate therapeutic approaches have yet to be resolved. ...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past 40 years have seen the evolution of acute ischemic stroke management from unproven therapies du jour, such as steroids, heparin for stroke in evolution, and hypervolemic-hemodilution, to more of a scientific basis for our decision-making process. This evolution is directly related to the advancements in imagi...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2011.09.014
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Legal issues must be considered in caring for patients with epilepsy. Doctors caring for people with epilepsy may be legally involved in three primary ways: as the agent of social control, as patient advocate, and as the target of liability or malpractice suits. This article examines these factors and the implications...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reasonable clinical approach to the patient who has low back pain includes a search for any of the red flags that would prompt consideration of additional diagnostic testing for serious underlying disease. The common patterns of back pain would be explored in an effort to categorize the patient's symptoms and to b...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70113-4
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury is a common and complex clinical entity that deserves better and continued research on interventions and initial treatment postinjury. Current medical management of traumatic brain injury is articulated on minimizing secondary injury by optimizing cerebral perfusion and oxygenation and preventin...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.001
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eclampsia continues to be a significant cause of maternal and fetal death throughout the world. Neurologists have a specific role to play in the diagnosis and management of patients who have eclampsia, especially those who have recurrent seizures, raised intracranial pressure, and coma. Postpartum patients may be admi...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2004.07.005
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurologists frequently evaluate patients complaining of vision loss, especially when the patient has been examined by an ophthalmologist who has found no ocular disease. A significant proportion of patients presenting to the neurologist with visual complaints have nonorganic or functional visual loss. Although there ...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2010.03.012
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sports-related concussions (SRCs) are common among athletes in the United States. Most athletes who sustain an SRC recover within 7 to 10 days; however, many athletes who sustain the injury do not recover as expected and experience prolonged, persistent symptoms. In this document, the authors provide an overview of th...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2017.03.008
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can be challenging to diagnose. This review provides a diagnostic approach based predominantly on the clinical history and neurologic examination. Laboratory testing that can be used to confirm the suspected diagnosis based on this pattern recognition approach is ...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2014.04.008
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberous sclerosis is a multisystem disorder characterized by changes primarily involving the skin, eye, and central nervous system. Although the disease often produces mental retardation and seizures, this is not universal, and some patients with tuberous sclerosis lead a relatively normal life. ...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author defines lacunes, classifies types of lacunes and their causes, discusses the correlation between lacunes and specific syndromes, and suggests appropriate therapy. ...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychogenic movement disorders (PMDs) can present with varied phenomenology that may resemble organic movement disorders. The diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation with a supporting history and classic features on neurologic examination. Ancillary testing, such as imaging and neurophysiologic studies, can provide ...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2014.09.013
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnostic testing is of limited value among patients with migraine who present to an emergency department. Various nonopioid, disease-specific treatments are available for patients who present to an emergency department with migraine headache and associated features. Emergency physicians should recognize that the acu...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2019.07.005
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most CNS fungal infections can be divided into those that occur in normal hosts and those that occur in the immunosuppressed host. Cryptococcal infection, however, is common in both groups. The usual clinical presentation of a CNS fungal infection is chronic headache and mental status change. The CSF shows a lymphocyt...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addressed are the features of postviral and postvaccinial syndromes affecting the CNS. The relationships among acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, EAE, and MS are discussed. Among the postvaccination syndromes covered are the neurologic sequelae of pertussis immunizations, with a description of a mouse model of this...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors highlight the potential importance of neuropeptides as clinical tools in the study and treatment of pain. Although many questions remain unanswered, it is encouraging that several clinical and experimental advances have shed new light on the neuropharmacology of nociception and have prompted new hope for m...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of IH for 24 hours in patients who remain comatose following resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest improves outcomes. How-ever, the induction of hypothermia has several physiologic effects that need to be considered. A protocol for the rapid induction of hypothermia is described. At present, the ra...
journal_title：Neurologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ncl.2005.10.007
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
