Abstract:
:Unresponsive patients with or without catatonic motor signs are etiologically heterogeneous, and all require a comprehensive neurodiagnostic assessment to rule out organic causes. Most cases prove to be due to primary psychiatric disorders, mostly mood disorders, especially mania, rather than schizophrenia. These patients respond to lorazepam administered by any route and, failing this, electroconvulsive therapy. Those patients with associated fever and autonomic instability are medical emergencies and need urgent treatment.
journal_name
Neurol Clinjournal_title
Neurologic clinicsauthors
Hurwitz TAdoi
10.1016/j.ncl.2011.07.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-11-01 00:00:00pages
995-1006issue
4eissn
0733-8619issn
1557-9875pii
S0733-8619(11)00052-1journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Neurologically critically ill patients, more often than others, are unable to communicate and, for a crucial period of time, have the vital functions of their brains hidden in the "black box" of the cranial vault behind a curtain of ambiguity and immobility. Customarily--and naively--we have relied upon beside clinica...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Syncope, or the sudden loss of consciousness, is a common presenting symptom for evaluation by neurologists. It is not a unique diagnosis but rather a common manifestation of disorders with diverse mechanisms. Loss of consciousness is typically preceded by a prodrome of symptoms and sometimes there is a clear trigger....
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2016.04.002
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major clinical uses for opioids are to control pain, suppress cough, and to treat diarrhea. These drugs, however, have the potential for abuse. It is postulated that the significant mood-altering effects of opioids combined with their pharmacology, in which tolerance and physical and psychological dependence occur...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the evidence for comorbidity of migraine with psychiatric disorders, particularly the affective and anxiety disorders. Studies of the association between migraine and depression in both clinical and community studies have provided consistent evidence regarding a substantial degree of comorbidity b...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70298-x
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article concentrates primarily on infections of viral origin, although numerous microorganisms can infect the fetal and newborn brain (see Tables 1 and 2). Intrauterine infections occur most often for HIV, CMV and rubella, whereas HSV is preferentially transmitted intrapartum. In the last decade, changes in the e...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anatomic and physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy are unique. A neurologist needs to be aware of normal pregnancy-induced physiologic changes in the cardiovascular, renal, hematologic, and autoimmune systems, and the local anatomic changes, which include alteration of body habitus and pelvic ligaments. ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2016.04.009
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::SEPs may be recorded over the spine and scalp to stimulation of any accessible mixed or sensory nerve in the extremities. SEP abnormalities are useful in detecting lesions in central somatosensory pathways. They do not establish a specific diagnosis, but they may suggest or support a diagnosis made on clinical grounds...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adverse effects of fetal drug exposures are well documented. Evidence for FAS, impaired intrauterine growth, birth defects, and mental retardation related to alcohol is compelling; evidence for alcohol-induced adverse behaviors and impaired speech is tenuous. Teratogenic, cognitive, or behavioral effects associate...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article discusses antibodies associated with immune-mediated myasthenia gravis and the pathologic action of these antibodies at the neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle. To explain how these antibodies act, we consider the physiology of neuromuscular transmission with emphasis on 4 features: the structure o...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2018.01.001
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many abnormalities of the orbit present with neuro-ophthalmic findings, such as impaired ocular motility or alignment, and sensory changes, including optic neuropathy. Comprehensive coverage of all orbital diseases is beyond the scope of this article. This review focuses on diagnosis and management of the most common ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2016.08.011
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overall, the majority of patients with optic pathway tumors will have stable disease regardless if they are radiated or receive chemotherapy. This is a very indolent tumor system and, for the most part, not a threat to life. Because of this, issues regarding appropriate therapeutic approaches have yet to be resolved. ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic injury to the posterior fossa is a complex pathologic condition because of the great heterogeneity of lesions present. Treatment of primary brain injuries and prevention of secondary brain injuries is the mainstay of management. It is imperative to recognize traumatic lesions of the posterior fossa early bec...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2014.07.010
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional disease-modifying agents are only moderately effective, so breakthrough disease activity is commonly seen. The evidence from randomized clinical trials and real-world observational data supporting the use of the second-line agents natalizumab, mitoxantrone, and cyclophosphamide are reviewed. Potential fut...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2010.12.005
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The appropriate diagnosis of the patient with epilepsy is first dependent on a determination of the type of seizure. When the type of seizure has been determined, consideration must be given to the nature of the epileptic syndrome, including concerns regarding the etiology of the attacks. The gradual evolution of the ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injury to cranial nerves is a common sequela of blunt head trauma. The olfactory, facial, and audiovestibular nerves are damaged most often, followed by the optic and ocular motor nerves. The trigeminal and lower cranial nerves are rarely involved. Chances of recovery are greatest for the facial nerve, intermediate fo...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The needle electromyographic (EMG) examination is a challenging component of the electrophysiologic study. Knowledge of anatomy and physiology, sound EMG technique, and good patient rapport are required. Every muscle sampled by needle EMG is assessed for insertional activity, spontaneous activity, and voluntary motor-...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(01)00005-6
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides a brief overview of the psychiatric syndromes most common in the elderly patient, as well as those most frequently accompanying neurologic disease. Diagnosis, work up, and treatment of depressive, psychotic, and anxiety disorders are also reviewed. This article is directed toward the practicing n...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70084-0
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable evidence exists of hypothalamic dysfunction in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This dysfunction is reflected in disturbances of endocrine function including abnormalities of gonadotropin, growth hormone, and corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Whereas these disturbances are gene...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We believe that our present understanding of these syndromes is insufficient to separate CIDP from MMN clearly and consider MMN to be a remarkably multifocal, predominantly motor variant of CIDP with the very unusual electrophysiologic feature of conduction block confined to motor axons. Further studies are clearly ne...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chorea (Greek for "dance") refers to irregular, rapid, flowing, non-stereotyped and random involuntary movements that often possess a writhing quality, referred to as choreoathetosis. When mild, it may be difficult to differentiate from restlessness. The movements can be strikingly asymmetric, as in hemichorea, or gen...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70041-4
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postamputation phenomena, including painful and nonpainful phantom sensations occur following loss of limbs and other body parts. Peripheral and central nervous system mechanisms play a role in persistent phantom pain. Understanding the pathophysiology of this syndrome has improved in recent years. Comprehensive evalu...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70105-5
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author discusses the noninvasive tests and their roles relative to intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of patients with carotid disease. ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudotumor cerebri is a perplexing syndrome of increased intra-cranial pressure without a space-occupying lesion. The terminology for the disorder has changed over the years and the diagnostic criteria revised to reflect advances in diagnostic technology and insights into the disease process. The classification and n...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0733-8619(03)00096-3
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the magnitude of the problem of motor fluctuations in patients who have Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa, a significant effort has been expended by physicians, researchers, and pharmaceutical manufacturers over the years to find effective treatments. This article briefly reviews the medical options for ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.05.006
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycogen is a crucial source of energy in the initial stages of muscle activity and during exercise of high intensity. There are 10 well-defined biochemical defects of glycogen metabolism expressed in muscle and affecting the following enzymes: alpha 1,4 glucosidase (glycogenesis type II), debrancher enzyme (III), bra...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors highlight the potential importance of neuropeptides as clinical tools in the study and treatment of pain. Although many questions remain unanswered, it is encouraging that several clinical and experimental advances have shed new light on the neuropharmacology of nociception and have prompted new hope for m...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past 40 years have seen the evolution of acute ischemic stroke management from unproven therapies du jour, such as steroids, heparin for stroke in evolution, and hypervolemic-hemodilution, to more of a scientific basis for our decision-making process. This evolution is directly related to the advancements in imagi...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2011.09.014
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antidepressants are the most commonly prescribed class of medications in the United States. The clinician should be mindful of the many antidepressants that can produce seizures following an accidental exposure or an overdose. A broader understanding of the seizure potential of antidepressants, combined with the abili...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2011.05.003
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most patients who have endured a stroke sustain behavioral changes, although in many instances these effects can be subtle. Although behavioral changes after a stroke tend to improve, they may persist and have serious effects on daily living activities. This article reviews the more familiar behavioral changes that fo...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.08.009
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eclampsia continues to be a significant cause of maternal and fetal death throughout the world. Neurologists have a specific role to play in the diagnosis and management of patients who have eclampsia, especially those who have recurrent seizures, raised intracranial pressure, and coma. Postpartum patients may be admi...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2004.07.005
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00