Abstract:
:Selecting appropriate laboratory tests in diagnosing peripheral neuropathies is important because it increases the yield of correct diagnoses and is cost effective. A large number of tests are available. This article provides a guide to selecting appropriate tests and reviews the clinical situations that suggest specific tests. Electrodiagnostic testing is valuable in almost all patients with peripheral neuropathy. Quantitative sensory testing adds additional information and is especially useful in patients with small fiber neuropathy. On occasion, routine blood tests may discover metabolic disorders causing a patient's neurologic disorder. A number of antibody assays for neuropathies are available commercially, with the most useful being anti-MAG, anti-GM1, anti-GQ1b, anti-Hu, and anticalcium channel antibodies, but only in very select situations and not as "screening studies". The role of cutaneous nerve and skin biopsies in selected disorders is discussed.
journal_name
Neurol Clinjournal_title
Neurologic clinicsauthors
Griffin JW,Hsieh ST,McArthur JC,Cornblath DRdoi
10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70246-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-02-01 00:00:00pages
119-33issue
1eissn
0733-8619issn
1557-9875pii
S0733-8619(05)70246-2journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a vasculitis of small arteries and veins of unknown cause restricted to the central nervous system (CNS), and controversy and disagreement exist over the means to establish the diagnosis. Cerebral arteriography, cerebrospinal fluid examination, and MRI singly o...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2014.12.004
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Supratentorial low-grade gliomas comprise a group of primary central nervous system neoplasms with characteristics of neuroglial cells (i.e., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) and relatively low anaplastic potential, although through time they tend to behave more aggressively. Immediate surgical intervention and subseq...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The natural history of MS is highly variable. There is substantial heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations but, at this point, it is reasonable to consider all idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system as representing a spectrum of the same disease. In large populations, 20% to ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The last 2 decades represent a period of unparalleled advancement in the understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). The discovery of several forms of familial parkinsonism with mendelian inheritance has elucidated insights into the mechanisms underlying the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2014.09.010
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spine trauma is a devastating clinical condition that affects many people annually on a worldwide basis. Management of spinal trauma has become much more surgically oriented with advances in stabilization techniques over the past two decades. The degree of injury to the spinal cord dictates the prognosis of the patien...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2012.09.012
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum toxin therapy has emerged as a treatment modality for a variety of spastic- or contracture-related muscle diseases. Its safety has been proven for long-term use in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and certain types of strabismus. Recent approval from the Federal Drug Adminis...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As in most areas of clinical medicine, the history often is the key to determining the diagnosis in patients presenting with neurotologic symptoms. The most common cause of vertigo--benign positional vertigo--can be diagnosed at the bedside based on the characteristic history and the finding of fatigable positional ny...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70244-9
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxic myopathies may occur with a variety of prescribed medications, illicit drug abuse, or other toxins. The article discusses an overview of some of the compounds that may cause myopathy, the clinical and laboratory features, histology, mechanisms of action, and potential risk factors of myopathy. The ability to rec...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70341-8
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fourth edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines delirium as "a reversible state of confusion with a reduced level of consciousness manifest as an inability to focus, sustain or shift attention." Pharmacologic agents are important contributors to delirium in hospitalized elderly ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2004.01.001
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can be challenging to diagnose. This review provides a diagnostic approach based predominantly on the clinical history and neurologic examination. Laboratory testing that can be used to confirm the suspected diagnosis based on this pattern recognition approach is ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2014.04.008
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapidly progressive dementias (RPDs) are neurologic conditions that develop subacutely over weeks to months or, rarely, acutely over days. In contrast to most dementing conditions that take years to progress to death, RPD quickly can be fatal. It is critical to evaluate patients who have RPD without delay, usually in ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2007.04.001
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recently described syndrome, disabling positional vertigo (DPV), is characterized by persistent and progressive vertigo that is always associated with nausea and occasionally with vomiting; symptoms are made worse with changes in head position and are lessened with bedrest. Patients with DPV have abnormal results on...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias are a diverse and clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by degeneration and dysfunction of the cerebellum and its associated pathways. Clinical and diagnostic evaluation can be challenging because of phenotypic overlap among causes, and a stratified an...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2013.04.006
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this series of clinical vignettes, the authors have attempted to provide a "feel" for the varied causes of syncope. The neurologist should be able to diagnose most causes of syncope using a simple algorithmic approach. Initial evaluation includes detailed clinical history, physical examination, and 12-lead ECG. Fol...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2006.02.002
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the evidence for comorbidity of migraine with psychiatric disorders, particularly the affective and anxiety disorders. Studies of the association between migraine and depression in both clinical and community studies have provided consistent evidence regarding a substantial degree of comorbidity b...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70298-x
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As I have indicated in the foregoing discussion, there are several syndromes that with various degrees of proof seem to be caused by unilateral vascular compression of a cranial nerve at the brain stem. Jannetta has summarized this concept as follows: "As we age, our arteries elongate and our brains 'sag'. As a conseq...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinician should be alert to the possibility of cerebrovascular disease in cancer patients who develop signs of diffuse or focal cerebral dysfunction. The cause of cerebrovascular disease can usually be determined by knowing the primary tumor type, extent of metastatic disease, and type of antineoplastic treatment...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally, diseases affecting the motor unit had been subdivided based on anatomic criteria into diseases of the anterior horn cell, the peripheral nerve, the neuromuscular junction, and the muscle itself. For therapeutic considerations, however, a more precise cellular and clinicopathologic characterization of th...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent trial limited to arteriovenous malformations discovered not to have bled, medical management was superior to medical management plus intervention. The trial was halted after 226 randomizations and a mean follow-up of 3.3 years owing to a disparity favoring the medical arm. Eligible patients were selected a...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2014.12.006
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oromandibular disorders are functional disorders and associated pains in the anatomic region of the temporomandibular joint. Their diagnosis and treatment are controversial because of the lack of conformity concerning these disorders among health care providers. This article provides a clear classification of these di...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurologic symptoms are a prominent and often disturbing component of the migraine syndrome in many patients. Collectively termed "aura," migraine-related neurologic symptoms include visual, sensory, language, and motor disturbance. They occur in about one quarter of migraine patients, are classically transient, and a...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.11.002
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author defines lacunes, classifies types of lacunes and their causes, discusses the correlation between lacunes and specific syndromes, and suggests appropriate therapy. ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vasculitis or angiitis refers to a group of inflammatory disorders of the blood vessels that cause structural damage to the affected vessel, including thickening and weakening of the vessel wall, narrowing of its lumen, and, usually, vascular necrosis. Systemic vasculitis is classified according to the vessel size and...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2009.09.015
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, the authors provide a conceptual framework in which to consider alternative approaches to identify the developmental consequences of exposing the developing brain to neurotoxic substances. Concepts underlying brain development and issues regarding neurobehavioral testing in children are reviewed. In a...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70210-3
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 2 per cent of organ transplant recipients develop primary CNS lymphomas. There is no pathognomonic clinical or radiographic presentation of the tumor, although multicentric involvement of deep white matter is common. Evidence has linked PCNSL to immunosuppression and to infection with the EBV. The most r...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) accounts for approximately 95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced by the cell. The central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle are highly susceptible to dysfunction of this complex enzyme system. Although most OXPHOS...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70180-8
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is often a fine line between medical malpractice and maloccurrance. Physicians need to develop techniques and skills that enhance the patient-physician relationship based on honesty and informed consent. Documentation and proper maintenance of medical records is demanded by the current legal and health care syst...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70376-5
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Giant cell arteritis is a systemic vasculitis with a wide clinical spectrum, and it represents a medical emergency. Visual loss is the most feared complication, and when it happens, it tends to be profound and permanent. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are imperative to minimize potentially devastating visual loss and ...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2010.03.002
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postherpetic pain persisting 1 month or longer occurs in only a small percentage of all patients with herpes zoster. In most patients, PHN tends to diminish with time. The incidence is, however, directly related to age. Any therapeutic claim for prophylaxis or treatment of PHN has to be evaluated with these observatio...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of a monoclonal protein in the serum of a patient with peripheral neuropathy raises the suspicion of systemic amyloidosis, POEMS syndrome, macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, or lymphoma. If these conditions are excluded, the patient is classified as having a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined signifi...
journal_title:Neurologic clinics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00