Induction and latent periods.

abstract：:Progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) varies considerably and may be influenced by factors such as age, smoking, number of male partners per year, and CD4 T-lymphocyte count. The loss of CD4 lymphocytes is known to be the dominant factor...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Begtrup K,Melbye M,Biggar RJ,Goedert JJ,Knudsen K,Andersen PK

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Contemporary searches for new risk factors frequently involve genome-wide explorations of very large numbers of candidate risk variants. Given that diseases can often be classified into subtypes that possess evidence of etiologic heterogeneity, the question arises as to whether or not a search for new risk factors wou...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Begg CB,Zabor EC

更新日期：2012-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been shown to be effective in different populations, but data among injection drug users are limited. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug users recruited into the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Link to Intravenous Experiences (ALIVE) Study as early ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Vlahov D,Galai N,Safaeian M,Galea S,Kirk GD,Lucas GM,Sterling TR

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-controlled tree-temporal scan statistic-a new signal-detection method-can evaluate whether any of a wide variety of health outcomes are temporally associated with receipt of a specific vaccine, while adjusting for multiple testing. Neither health outcomes nor postvaccination potential periods of increased ris...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Yih WK,Maro JC,Nguyen M,Baker MA,Balsbaugh C,Cole DV,Dashevsky I,Mba-Jonas A,Kulldorff M

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The association of serum selenium with the subsequent risk of death from cancer was investigated in a case-control study that was nested in a prospective nine-year follow-up study in the Netherlands. In 1975-1978, 10,532 persons in the Dutch town of Zoetermeer who were aged five years or more participated in a medical...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kok FJ,de Bruijn AM,Hofman A,Vermeeren R,Valkenburg HA

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence support the notion that elevated blood viscosity may predispose to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus by limiting delivery of glucose, insulin, and oxygen to metabolically active tissues. To test this hypothesis, the authors analyzed longitudinal data on 12,881 initially nondiabe...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Tamariz LJ,Young JH,Pankow JS,Yeh HC,Schmidt MI,Astor B,Brancati FL

更新日期：2008-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The personality domains of extraversion and neuroticism are regarded as being stable individual psychological characteristics, yet it remains unclear whether they are associated with chronic disease over an extended period of time. In a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation nested within the original prospe...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Batty GD,Jokela M,Kivimaki M,Shipley M

更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolving concept of gender-based violence (GBV) is a multifaceted issue of public health significance. Until recently, most studies examining GBV have been conducted in North America. In this issue of the Journal, Palermo et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(5):602-612) report their secondary analyses involving approx...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Beydoun HA,Beydoun MA

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ambient air pollution and temperature have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome and its components-abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose concentration, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia-predict cardiovascula...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Wallwork RS,Colicino E,Zhong J,Kloog I,Coull BA,Vokonas P,Schwartz JD,Baccarelli AA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies in the United States have indicated that maternal first trimester smoking and infant transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) locus mutations are associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and that a synergistic effect of these two risk factors occurs. Based on a Danish case-control study of CL...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Christensen K,Olsen J,Nørgaard-Pedersen B,Basso O,Støvring H,Milhollin-Johnson L,Murray JC

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study's objective was to investigate healthy aging in older French adults 5 years after a period of daily nutritional-dose supplementation with antioxidant nutrients. The study was based on the double-blind, randomized trial, Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals (SU.VI.MAX) Study (1994-2002) and...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Assmann KE,Andreeva VA,Jeandel C,Hercberg S,Galan P,Kesse-Guyot E

更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients at the same stage of chronic disease may have had different rates of disease progression. The authors developed a mathematical modeling approach that allows reconstructing and comparing populations in terms of the disease progression rates of their participants when the disease onset and progression rates are...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ioannidis JP,Cappelleri JC,Schmid CH,Lau J

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus remains obscure. In an attempt to clarify some aspects of the epidemiology, including its compatibility with an acute infectious process, the authors undertook in-depth analyses of childhood cases accumulated in a population-based register in Montreal during the peri...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Siemiatycki J,Colle E,Aubert D,Campbell S,Belmonte MM

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cervical condyloma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are related to human papillomavirus infections, some of which may be involved in the etiology of cancer of the uterine cervix. This case-control study was designed to assess the relation of age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and cigaret...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Brisson J,Roy M,Fortier M,Bouchard C,Meisels A

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The continued elimination of measles requires accurate assessment of its epidemiology and a critical evaluation of how its incidence is changing with time. National surveillance of measles in the United States between 2001 and 2011 provides data on the number of measles introductions and the size of the resulting tran...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Blumberg S,Enanoria WT,Lloyd-Smith JO,Lietman TM,Porco TC

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some reports indicate that exposure to specific polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners is related to breast cancer risk. The authors recruited participants in a case-control study from October 1994 to March 1997 to assess the relation between breast cancer risk and concentrations of 14 PCB congeners measured in plas...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Demers A,Ayotte P,Brisson J,Dodin S,Robert J,Dewailly E

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternal angiogenic factors (placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1), and soluble endoglin) may be associated with fetal growth restriction, and the associations may differ according to stage of pregnancy. Among children born to pregnant women without preeclampsia in Norway between 1992 and...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Åsvold BO,Vatten LJ,Romundstad PR,Jenum PA,Karumanchi SA,Eskild A

更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical activity tends to decline from childhood into adulthood. Maintaining high levels of physical activity throughout life is therefore an important public health objective. Relatively little is known about changes in physical activity behavior over the life course, the domains of physical activity in which they o...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Corder K,Ogilvie D,van Sluijs EM

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many nonrandomized interventions rely upon a pre-post design to evaluate effectiveness. Such designs cannot account for events external to the intervention that may produce the outcome. We describe a method to construct a surveillance registry-based comparison group, which allows for estimating the effectiveness of th...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Robertson MM,Waldron L,Robbins RS,Chamberlin S,Penrose K,Levin B,Kulkarni S,Braunstein SL,Irvine MK,Nash D

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One measure of the severity of a pandemic influenza outbreak at the individual level is the risk of death among people infected by the new virus. However, there are complications in estimating both the numerator and denominator. Regarding the numerator, statistical estimates of the excess deaths associated with influe...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Wong JY,Wu P,Nishiura H,Goldstein E,Lau EH,Yang L,Chuang SK,Tsang T,Peiris JS,Wu JT,Cowling BJ

更新日期：2013-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Using data from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, we evaluated the influence of adulthood weight history on mortality risk. The National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study is an observational cohort study of US men and women who were aged 50-71 years at entry in 1995-1996. This...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Adams KF,Leitzmann MF,Ballard-Barbash R,Albanes D,Harris TB,Hollenbeck A,Kipnis V

更新日期：2014-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:High-level arsenic exposure is consistently associated with QT prolongation, a risk factor for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Arsenic may act on QT by increasing cardiac calcium currents. The authors hypothesized that low-level arsenic exposure would be associated with QT duration and that this effect would be s...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Mordukhovich I,Wright RO,Amarasiriwardena C,Baja E,Baccarelli A,Suh H,Sparrow D,Vokonas P,Schwartz J

更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of clinically recognized coronary heart disease and its relation to risk factors have been studied for 596 sibships in the Framingham Heart Study cohort. Only the 186 pairs of brothers were considered in the multivariate analysis, since the rate of coronary heart disease in women is low. Multiple logisti...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Snowden CB,McNamara PM,Garrison RJ,Feinleib M,Kannel WB,Epstein FH

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prenatal course, labor and delivery of 90 mothers of infants who died of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in Connecticut from 1974 through 1976 were studied by hospital chart reviews. Charts of 90 pair-matched controls whose infants survived the first year of life were also examined. Significant associations we...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Arsenault PS

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiovascular morbidity has been associated with particulate matter (PM) air pollution, although the relation between pollutants and sudden death from cardiac arrest has not been established. This study examined associations between out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and fine PM (of aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm, or PM(2...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Silverman RA,Ito K,Freese J,Kaufman BJ,De Claro D,Braun J,Prezant DJ

更新日期：2010-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to compare estimates from two quasi-induced exposure methods of the effects of driver- and vehicle-related conditions on the risk of causing a road crash for drivers of vehicles with four or more wheels. From the Spanish register of road crashes with victims, the authors selected, for 1993-2002...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lardelli-Claret P,Jiménez-Moleón JJ,Luna-del-Castillo Jde D,García-Martín M,Moreno-Abril O,Bueno-Cavanillas A

更新日期：2006-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Whether loci that influence fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) levels, as identified by genome-wide association studies, modify associations of diet with FG or FI is unknown. We utilized data from 15 U.S. and European cohort studies comprising 51,289 persons without diabetes to test whether genotype and die...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Nettleton JA,Hivert MF,Lemaitre RN,McKeown NM,Mozaffarian D,Tanaka T,Wojczynski MK,Hruby A,Djoussé L,Ngwa JS,Follis JL,Dimitriou M,Ganna A,Houston DK,Kanoni S,Mikkilä V,Manichaikul A,Ntalla I,Renström F,Sonestedt E

更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined claims-based approaches for identifying a study population free of coronary heart disease (CHD) using data from 8,937 US blacks and whites enrolled during 2003-2007 in a prospective cohort study linked to Medicare claims. Our goal was to minimize the percentage of persons at study entry with self-reported ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kent ST,Safford MM,Zhao H,Levitan EB,Curtis JR,Kilpatrick RD,Kilgore ML,Muntner P

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin D may reduce telomere shortening through anti-inflammatory and anti-cell proliferation mechanisms. In the present study, we examined the association between vitamin D and relative leukocyte telomere length by using both plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) biomarkers. V...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Liu JJ,Prescott J,Giovannucci E,Hankinson SE,Rosner B,Han J,De Vivo I

更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammographic percent density, the proportion of fibroglandular tissue in the breast, is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, but its determinants in young women are unknown. We examined associations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) breast-tissue composition at age 21 years with prospectively collected measuremen...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Denholm R,De Stavola B,Hipwell JH,Doran SJ,Busana MC,Leach MO,Hawkes DJ,Dos-Santos-Silva I

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00