Abstract:
:The genomic RNA of an alphavirus encodes four different nonstructural proteins, nsP1, nsP2, nsP3, and nsP4. The polyprotein P123 is produced when translation terminates at an opal termination codon between nsP3 and nsP4. The polyprotein P1234 is produced when translational readthrough occurs or when the opal termination codon has been replaced by a sense codon in the alphavirus genome. Evolutionary pressures appear to have maintained genomic sequences encoding both a stop codon (opal) and an open reading frame (arginine) as a general feature of the O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) genome, indicating that both are required at some point. Alternate replication of ONNVs in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts may determine predominance of a particular codon at this locus in the viral quasispecies. However, no systematic study has previously tested this hypothesis in whole animals. We report here the results of the first study to investigate in a natural mosquito host the functional significance of the opal stop codon in an alphavirus genome. We used a full-length cDNA clone of ONNV to construct a series of mutants in which the arginine between nsP3 and nsP4 was replaced with an opal, ochre, or amber stop codon. The presence of an opal stop codon upstream of nsP4 nearly doubled (75.5%) the infectivity of ONNV over that of virus possessing a codon for the amino acid arginine at the corresponding position (39.8%). Although the frequency with which the opal virus disseminated from the mosquito midgut did not differ significantly from that of the arginine virus on days 8 and 10, dissemination did began earlier in mosquitoes infected with the opal virus. Although a clear fitness advantage is provided to ONNV by the presence of an opal codon between nsP3 and nsP4 in Anopheles gambiae, sequence analysis of ONNV RNA extracted from mosquito bodies and heads indicated codon usage at this position corresponded with that of the virus administered in the blood meal. These results suggest that while selection of ONNV variants is occurring, de novo mutation at the position between nsP3 and nsP4 does not readily occur in the mosquito. Taken together, these results suggest that the primary fitness advantage provided to ONNV by the presence of an opal codon between nsP3 and nsP4 is related to mosquito infectivity.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Myles KM,Kelly CL,Ledermann JP,Powers AMdoi
10.1128/JVI.80.10.4992-4997.2006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-05-01 00:00:00pages
4992-7issue
10eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
80/10/4992journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Particular interest in human T lymphocyte lymphoma/leukemia virus (HTLV) derives from the close association of HTLV with several types of human mature T lymphocyte malignancies and the strong possibility that HTLV is the causative agent of this group of leukemias and lymphomas. This is the first report to show that HT...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.53.2.440-446.1985
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a potent inhibitor in vivo of transcription by all three host RNA polymerases (RNAP). In the case of host RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), the inhibition is due to lack of activity of the TATA-binding protein (TBP), which is a subunit of the basal transcription ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.9.4453-4458.2001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucosal surfaces are the primary portals for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Because systemic immunization, in general, does not induce effective mucosal immune responses, a mucosal HIV vaccine is urgently needed. For this study, we developed papillomavirus pseudoviruses that express HIV-1 Gag. The ps...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.19.10249-10257.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The E3 complex transcription unit of adenovirus encodes four major mRNAs (a, c, f, and h) and two minor (d and e) mRNAs with overlapping exons, alternative splice sites, and two polyadenylation sites, termed E3A (upstream) and E3B (downstream). mRNAs a and d use the E3A polyadenylation site, and mRNAs c, e, f, and h u...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.10.5914-5923.1992
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A human lymphoid cell line (F172-D8) excreting a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) anti-gp41 monoclonal antibody was used to construct a plasmid containing the cDNA of the single-chain variable fragment (scFvD8) corresponding to this antibody. A stable human osteosarcoma cell line was obtained which expresse...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.12.5712-5715.2000
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Previous experiments carried out in a sheep scrapie model demonstrated that the transfusion of 200 μl of prion-infected whole blood has an apparent 100% efficacy for disease transmission. These experiments also indicated that, despite the apparent low infectious titer, the intravenous administration of white...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02783-15
更新日期:2016-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Actively replicating endogenous retroviruses entered the human genome millions of years ago and became a stable part of the inherited genetic material. They subsequently acquired multiple mutations, leading to the assumption that these viruses no longer replicate. However, certain human tumor cell lines have been show...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00646-08
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Live attenuated RNA viruses make highly efficient vaccines. Among them, measles virus (MV) vaccine has been given to a very large number of children and has been shown to be highly efficacious and safe. Therefore, this vaccine might be a very promising vector to immunize children against both measles and other infecti...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.21.11546-11554.2003
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unfolded-protein response (UPR), activated by sensor molecules PERK, ATF6, and IRE1 to resolve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, has emerged as a key target for host cells and viruses to control the infection outcomes. The UPR regulates ER protein folding, controls cell fate upon ER stress, and plays an important...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00200-12
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies with simian virus 40-transformed mouse 3T3 cells which are temperature sensitive for the expression of the transformed phenotype (ts SV3T3 cells) have shown that T-antigen expression and viral DNA transcription are under cell cycle control. Using these ts SV3T3 cells, we studied the expression of the ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.30.3.711-719.1979
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids is inhibited by enzymatic dephosphorylation of the NS protein. We provide evidence that specific, partial dephosphorylation of NS molecules is the only detectable change in nucleocapsids treated with bacterial alkaline phosphatase under conditions that...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.43.1.104-112.1982
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sheep genome harbors approximately 20 endogenous retroviruses (enJSRVs) highly related to the exogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). One of the enJSRV loci, enJS56A1, acts as a unique restriction factor by blocking JSRV in a transdominant fashion at a late stage of the retroviral cycle. To better understand...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01859-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have evaluated the physical state and infectious nature of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in the saliva of nine persons with past or current Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). KSHV DNA in saliva had the physical characteristics of DNA present in virions. Inoculation of 293 cells with cell-free saliva fluid resu...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.9.7083-7087.1997
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of retroviral DNA and RNA synthesis are parameters vital to understanding viral growth, especially for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which encodes several of its own regulatory genes. We have established a single-cycle growth condition for HIV in H9 cells, a human CD4+ lymphocyte line. The full-leng...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.9.3708-3713.1989
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genome of a canine parvovirus isolate strain (CPV-N) was cloned, and the DNA sequence was determined. The entire genome, including ends, was 5,323 nucleotides in length. The terminal repeat at the 3' end of the genome shared similar structural characteristics but limited homology with the rodent parvoviruses. The ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.1.266-276.1988
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transmembrane fusion (F) glycoprotein of measles virus is an important target antigen of human HLA class I- and class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Genetically engineered F proteins and nested sets of synthetic peptides spanning the F protein were used to determine sequences of F recognized by a num...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.4.2276-2284.1993
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the temporal relationship between human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) quasispecies in tissues and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of infected individuals. Sequential PBMC and tissue samples from various organs obtained at autopsy from three patients who died of AIDS-related complications were...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.1.488-496.1998
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of action of hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein in transcriptional transactivation and in tumorigenesis remains obscure. We have used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify a cellular protein that can interact with HBV X protein. This protein, designated X-associated protein 1 (XAP-1), is a human homolog...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.2.1107-1114.1995
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we show that replication-competent subgenomic hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA can be transferred to permissive Huh7 cells, leading to the establishment of viral RNA replication. Further, we show that these events are mediated by exosomes rather than infectious virus particles. If similar events occur in viv...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02721-14
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Influenza A viruses (IAVs) rely on host factors to support their life cycle, as viral proteins hijack or interact with cellular proteins to execute their functions. Identification and understanding of these factors would increase our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms manipulated by the viruses. In this s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02170-14
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have demonstrated that influenza A virus infection activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by binding of influenza NS1 protein to the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K. Our previous study proposed that two polyproline motifs in NS1 (amino acids 164 to 167 [PXXP], SH3 bindin...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01427-07
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The DNA damage response (DDR) that evolved to repair host cell DNA damage also recognizes viral DNA entering the nucleus during infections. Here, we investigated the modulation of DDR signaling during de novo infection of primary endothelial cells by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Phosphoryl...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03126-13
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative splicing of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) P19-generated pre-mRNAs generates the small Rep proteins Rep52 and Rep40, which differ in their carboxyl termini. Both proteins are required for optimal packaging of AAV2 genomes. AAV5 Rep-encoding P19-generated transcripts are primarily polyadenylated withi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01961-09
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chimpanzee is the only animal model for investigating the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis types A through E in humans. Studies of the host response, including microarray analyses, have relied on the close relationship between these two primate species: chimpanzee samples are commonly tested with human-based reagen...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01205-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular site of herpesvirus tegument assembly has yet to be defined. We have previously used a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged tegument protein, namely VP22, to show that VP22 is localized exclusively to the cytoplasm during infection. Here we have const...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.6.2575-2583.2001
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports the use of zonal ultracentrifuge techniques to conduct biophysical studies of rhinoviruses grown with WI-38 cells. Good clean-out of infectivity from rhinovirus harvests was obtained with the continuous-flow B-V and B-IX rotors. Use of the B-V rotor resulted in the successful concentration of rhinov...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.2.9.937-943.1968
更新日期:1968-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::BALB/c mice treated with pristane and Abelson virus have been used as an animal model system for the rapid induction of plasmacytomas. Myelomonocytic tumors with helper Moloney murine leukemia virus clonally inserted into the c-myb locus were observed in about 10% of pristane-primed BALB/c mice infected with Abelson v...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.12.3721-3725.1987
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The majority of currently circulating influenza A(H1N1) viruses are antigenically similar to the virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. However, antigenic variants are expected to emerge as population immunity increases. Amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin protein can result in escape from ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02962-14
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabies continues to present a public health threat in most countries of the world. The most efficient way to prevent and control rabies is to implement vaccination programs for domestic animals. However, traditional inactivated vaccines used in animals are costly and have relatively low efficiency, which impedes their...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02324-16
更新日期:2017-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus envelope (E) proteins are small (approximately 75- to 110-amino-acid) membrane proteins that have a short hydrophilic amino terminus, a relatively long hydrophobic membrane domain, and a long hydrophilic carboxy-terminal domain. The protein is a minor virion structural component that plays an important, no...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01472-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00