Abstract：
RATIONALE:Research in pediatric psychopharmacology has expanded considerably in the last 10 years. Still, controversy remains about the effectiveness and safety of commonly used psychotropics and their role in child treatment, thus pointing to the need for more in-depth and targeted investigations. OBJECTIVES:To review recent accomplishments and current limitations of pediatric psychopharmacology, and discuss approaches to further research. METHODS:Selective review of the relevant literature and research in progress. RESULTS:Controlled clinical trials have been conducted in many common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, thus providing a basis on which evidence-based treatment guidelines can be constructed. Little innovation has, however, occurred in treatment development and testing. Safety concerns are prominent and have a major influence on clinical practice and drug utilization. CONCLUSIONS:While a research infrastructure has been successfully built for conducting pediatric clinical trials, important aspects such as long-term treatment effects, optimal sequencing and individualization of interventions, and integration of neuroscience findings into innovative, theory-driven treatment development remain to be addressed.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Vitiello Bdoi
10.1007/s00213-006-0414-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-01 00:00:00pages
5-13issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
191pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:There have been a number of claims that high-dose administration of cocaine to rats leads to neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons. In this study possible neurotoxic effects on monoamine neurons were examined by measuring the effects of cocaine (35 mg/kg daily for 10 days) on the binding of radioligands to uptake sit...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244815
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After learning a light-cued, go-no go successive discrimination to criterion, male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide on six performance sessions, followed by two drug-recovery (saline) sessions. Chlordiazepoxide impaired discrimination performance in a dose-dependent manner, with animals ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00652237
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of lormetazepam (0.03 mg/kg IV) a benzodiazepine (BZ) derivative in combination with ZK 93 426 (0.04 mg/kg IV) a beta-carboline, benzodiazepine receptor antagonist were evaluated in humans. Independently, the effects of ZK 93 426 on its own were investigated. A psychometric test battery to evaluate sedatio...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00172956
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of benzodiazepine (triazolam 0.25 and 0.50 mg) on different aspects of cognitive function were assessed. Triazolam impaired free recall and recognition of information presented after drug administration. In contrast to these impairments in explicit memory, a memory function that did not require conscious a...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02245415
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) are gut derived hormones. GLP-1 and GLP-2 were shown to have pleiotropic effects in intestinal and pancreatic diseases. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to investigate the activities of GLP-1 and GLP-2 on nociception and inflammation in mice, involving th...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-018-5154-7
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Continuous low-level (0.825 mg/kg/h for 20 h) administration of AP through SC in-dwelling silicone reservoirs in the rat induced behavioral and biochemical changes that were similar to those induced by low levels (0.1 mg/kg) of acutely administered AP (decreased behavioral activity and decreased dopamine metabolism in...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427314
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of fixed-ratio (FR) size, scopolamine, and the interactions between FR size and scopolamine were investigated in male F344 rats on working memory as assessed by spatial alternation behavior maintained under FR schedules of food presentation where the interval between trials was varied among values of 2, 4,...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244001
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to assess the contribution of cerebellar effects of ethanol to the production of ataxia, "nervous" (nr/nr) and control (nr/+ or +/+) C3H mice were tested for locomotor ability 2 min after being given intraperitoneal ethanol injections. The nr/nr mice suffer from loss of most of their cerebellar Purkinje cells...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00423259
更新日期：1976-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of morphine, ketocyclazocine, cyclazocine, and SKF-10,047 were tested alone and in conjunction with naltrexone or naloxone, in rats responding under a multiple fixed-interval 3-min schedule of food presentation. Under this paradigm, electric shock was delivered on a fixed-ratio schedule for responses occur...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00435274
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cholinergic receptor blockade in the rat prefrontal cortex on cognitive processes. The nicotinic antagonists neuronal bungarotoxin and dihydro-beta-erythroidine and the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine were injected into the prelimbic area of the prefrontal ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246154
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Administration of the serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) facilitates the expression of masculine sexual behavior in male and female rats as well as in male rhesus monkeys and inhibits lordosis behavior in female rats. In the present study the effects of 8-OH-DPAT on ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244989
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a test of conditioned punishment, saline-treated controls showed a moderate bias in responding away from a lever producing a response-contingent auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) that had been paired with mild footshock during training and towards a lever producing a neutral auditory CS. Systemic treatment with th...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050174
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the majority of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, long-term dopamine (DA) replacement therapy leads to dyskinesia characterized by abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). There are various mechanisms of dyskinesia, such as the sensitization of striatal DA D1 receptors (D1R) and upregulation of DA D3 receptors (D3R)...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05353-6
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nine human subjects were exposed to a multiple fixed-ratio (FR) differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule of monetary reinforcement. Presses on a manipulandum requiring relatively high force were occasionally followed by an increased money total displayed on a computer screen. Subjects were exposed to the ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00177913
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the nucleus accumbens septi (ACB) and corpus striatum (CPU) in self-stimulation were investigated by injecting directly or indirectly acting stimulant drugs or a dopamine-(DA)-receptor blocking agent into each site bilaterally. d-Amphetamine (68 nmol) facilitated hypothalamic self-stimulation when injected...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426546
更新日期：1977-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:We test methods to advance (shift earlier) circadian rhythms without producing misalignment between rhythms and sleep. We previously tested (1) a gradually advancing sleep/dark schedule plus morning bright light and afternoon/evening melatonin and (2) the same sleep schedule with only morning bright light. No...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-012-2869-8
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Abstinence from drug occurs in human addicts for several reasons, including the avoidance of adverse consequences. OBJECTIVES:To explore a model of drug use in the face of adverse consequences in rats through intermittent punishment of drug seeking and to investigate whether the ability to withhold seeking r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0805-0
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:It is widely assumed that the upcoming therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease will require to act on more than one target to be effective. We investigated here whether a combination of the nicotinic receptor allosteric modulator/cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine can act synergistically with the type 4 serotonin re...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4664-z
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of naloxone, metenkephalin, and morphine were tested on phencyclidine(PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors, ataxia, and hyperactivity in the rat. Naloxone (8 mg/kg) significantly decreased stereotypy, ataxia, and hyperactivity across all PCP doses tested (2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg). Metenkephalin (40 microgram...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00470593
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Opioids remain the drugs of choice for treating moderate to severe pain, although adverse effects often limit use. Drugs acting concomitantly as agonists at μ opioid receptors and antagonists at δ opioid receptors produce antinociceptive effects with a reduced profile of adverse effects; one such drug, benzyl...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-020-05638-1
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:A number of studies have indicated a relationship between the intake of palatable foods or fluids and drug self-administration. OBJECTIVES:Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the intake of sucrose or fat was related to subsequent cocaine self-administration. METHODS:In separate groups of rat...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000375
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (methylone) are synthetic drugs found in so-called "bath salts" products. Both drugs exert their effects by interacting with monoamine transporter proteins. MDPV is a potent uptake blocker at transporters for dopamine and norepinep...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-015-4057-0
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The reinforcing effects of stimulant drugs such as D-amphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine are modulated by behavioral demands following drug administration. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to assess the reinforcing effects of methylphenidate under different behavioral demands using a modified progres...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-004-1946-z
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol drinking may lead to increased aggression in certain individuals, and both fighting and drinking increase levels of dopamine and serotonin in mesocorticolimbic structures. Assessing the dynamic changes in these neurotransmitters during the course of drinking and fighting has remained challenging. OB...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0637-3
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Alcohol-associated cues elicit craving in human addicts but little is known about craving mechanisms. Current animal models focus on relapse and this may confound the effect of environmental cues. OBJECTIVES. To develop a model to study the effects of environmental cues on alcohol consumption in animals not e...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1454-6
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of intra-amygdala injections of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on memory and exploratory behavior in rats were examined in the present study. Rats with chronically implanted cannulae received intra-amygdala injections of vehicle or CRF at a dose of 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 micrograms, either immediately afte...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00177566
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Central CB1 cannabinoid receptors regulate anxiety-like and appetitive consummatory behaviors. Pharmacological antagonism/inverse-agonism of CB1 receptors increases anxiety and decreases appetitive behaviors; however, neither well-defined dose nor context dependence of these effects has been simultaneously as...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-013-3042-8
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In experiment 1, rats (n = 12) were trained to discriminate the benzodiazepine (BDZ) compound chlordiazepoxide (CDP, 20 mg/kg, IP) from saline in a two-lever food-reinforced procedure, and subsequently were tested for stimulus control with different doses of CDP, Ro 15-1788 (a proposed BDZ receptor antagonist) and Ro ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00652236
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioral consequences of prolonged continuous exposure to cocaine were examined in rhesus monkeys. Operant behavior was sampled for 0.5 h every 6 h, and cocaine was continuously infused through an intravenous catheter. Cocaine (4.0-32 mg/kg/day) initially caused reductions in the rate of responding for food and ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00176861
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Intermittent social defeat stress can induce neuroadaptations that promote compulsive drug taking. Within the mesocorticolimbic circuit, repeated cocaine administration activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). OBJECTIVE:The present experiments examine whether changes in ERK phosphorylation are ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3796-7
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
