Interactions between narcotic agonists, partial agonists andd antagonists evaluated by punished an unpunished behavior in the rat.

abstract：RATIONALE:There is a close relationship between arousal and pupil diameter, decrease in the level of arousal being accompanied by constriction of the pupil (miosis), probably reflecting the attenuation of sympathetic outflow as sedation sets in. Paradoxically, sedation induced by benzodiazepines is not accompanied by m...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Hou RH,Samuels ER,Langley RW,Szabadi E,Bradshaw CM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Central application of MTII, a melanocortin 3/4 receptor agonist, reduces food intake. The behavioral mechanisms underlying the anorexia, however, have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES:We examined the ingestive behavioral effects of MTII at the microstructural level using two complementary approaches. METHODS...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Williams DL,Grill HJ,Weiss SM,Baird JP,Kaplan JM

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of drugs on one aspect of impulsive behaviour were evaluated using a schedule in which rats were trained to complete a fixed consecutive number of responses on one of two levers before pressing the second to obtain a reinforcer (FCN). Terminating the chain before completing the FCN resulted in the omission...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Evenden JL

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists, which block both the mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors, have been shown to have anxiolytic effects in the lick suppression test in rats. OBJECTIVE:The anxiolytic potential of the selective mGlu1 antagonist 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3]beta-quinolin-7-yl)(cis-4-methox...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Steckler T,Lavreysen H,Oliveira AM,Aerts N,Van Craenendonck H,Prickaerts J,Megens A,Lesage AS

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple new method, the "tape test" has been developed for studying the enhancement of learning by drugs in "learning-dull" rats. A piece of adhesive tape is pressed on the left front pad of the rats. The time of tape removal by the animal, i.e., the problem-solving time is measured. In our experiments the selected l...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Ezer E,Szporny L

更新日期：1976-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin receptors of the 5HT2 type were labeled on platelet membranes using tritiated ketanserin. Blood was collected from the umbilical cord of newborns and venous samples were collected from 6-year-old children as well as junior-high and high school students (ages 13 through 18) to determine age-related changes in...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Biegon A,Greuner N

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a randomised, double-blind, parallel groups study, 40 patients referred for surgical removal of impacted third molars received either (a) temazepam 40 mg orally followed at 35 min by IV saline or (b) oral placebo followed by IV diazepam 10 mg (Diazemuls). Patients were divided into High-Anxious and Low-Anxious grou...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： O'Boyte CA,Harris D,Barry H,Cullen JH

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:An acute challenge with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can induce psychotic symptoms including delusions. High electroencephalography (EEG) frequencies, above 20 Hz, have previously been implicated in psychosis and schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of intrav...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Nottage JF,Stone J,Murray RM,Sumich A,Bramon-Bosch E,Ffytche D,Morrison PD

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The glutamatergic cortico-striatal and subthalamo-entopeduncular pathways are both overactive in parkinsonism. Previous behavioural investigations have shown that intra-entopeduncular injection of either NMDA-site or glycine-site antagonists results in alleviation of parkinsonian symptoms, although injection of the fo...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Carroll CB,Holloway V,Brotchie JM,Mitchell IJ

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of the selective 5-HT1A agonists 8-OH-DPAT and flesinoxan and the selective 5-HT2 antagonists ritanserin and ketanserin on immobility time in rats bred for predisposition to catalepsy have been studied. Treatment with 8-OH-DPAT as well as flesinoxan caused a marked dose-dependent decrease in immobility tim...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Kulikov AV,Kolpakov VG,Maslova GB,Kozintsev I,Popova NK

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A neutral stimulus can acquire conditioned rewarding properties through association with an intrinsically rewarding stimulus. The acquisition of responding for conditioned rewards requires that environmental stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valu...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Sutton MA,Beninger RJ

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Key-press responding of mice was maintained under a fixed-ratio (FR) 30-response schedule of food presentation. Successive 3-min periods during which the experimental chamber was illuminated and the schedule was in effect were preceded by 10-min time-out (TO) periods during which all lights were out and responses had ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Solomon RE,Goodrich JE,Katz JL

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Endogenous γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor (GABAAR)-active neurosteroids (e.g., allopregnanolone) regulate central nervous system excitability and many physiological functions, so fluctuations are implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Pertinently, evidence supports an inverse relationship between en...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Jensen JP,Nipper MA,Helms ML,Ford MM,Crabbe JC,Rossi DJ,Finn DA

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Nicotine increases glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens, and thus enhances dopamine neurotransmission in the mesolimbic system that has been implicated in mediating the rewarding effects of drugs. Metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5) are found in the nucleus accumbe...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Paterson NE,Semenova S,Gasparini F,Markou A

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Concurrent abuse of cocaine and heroin is a common form of polydrug abuse, but the interactions between the reinforcing effects of cocaine and heroin are poorly understood. Dose-addition analysis is a tool for the quantitative assessment of drug interactions, but this analysis has not been applied to evaluati...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Negus SS

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic exposure to very mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to depress the consumption of, and preference for, highly palatable sweet solutions. The present study used the place conditioning procedure to investigate whether these effects result from a decreased sensitivity to reward. Rats were subject...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Papp M,Willner P,Muscat R

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nefiracetam is undergoing preclinical and clinical tests as a cognition-enhancing drug in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are lost in AD, and nicotinic as well as muscarinic cholinergic receptors are involved in the modulation of eyeblink conditioning. Experiments were carried out using young...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Woodruff-Pak DS,Hinchliffe RM

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:In drug-dependent individuals, the primary excessive motivation is for drugs. Studies also indicate altered interest for "natural" rewarding activities associated with motivational disorders that may be relevant to drug dependence. However, to date, the impact of drug dependence and withdrawal upon motivation...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Rouibi K,Contarino A

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Microinjections of ethanol and acetaldehyde into ventral tegmental area (VTA) produce locomotor activation in rats through mechanisms dependent on the mu-opioid receptors. However, it is not clear how these drugs can interact with these receptors. It has been hypothesized that salsolinol could be the responsi...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Hipólito L,Sánchez-Catalán MJ,Zornoza T,Polache A,Granero L

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the studies reported here, we investigated the effects of nicotine on memory for unrelated word lists. Nicotine was delivered through cigarette smoking, and memory performance was assessed using both intentional and incidental recall tasks, and employing an additional, indirect measure of memory. We report the resu...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Rusted J,Graupner L,Warburton D

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The novel dopamine autoreceptor antagonists (-)-DS 121 and (+)-UH 232 were tested for their ability to alter cocaine self-administration behavior in rats reinforced on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. (-)-DS 121 (15 mg/kg) and (+)-UH 232 (30 mg/kg) produced significant decreases in breaking point. (-)-DS 121 produce...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Smith A,Piercey M,Roberts DC

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Previous studies have shown that buspirone, a partial 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, produces antinociceptive effects in rats and mice; Ca(2+) plays a critical role as a second messenger in mediating nociceptive transmission. 5-HT(1A) receptors have been proven to be coupled functionally with various types of Ca(...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Liang JH,Wang XH,Liu RK,Sun HL,Ye XF,Zheng JW

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Certain disorders, such as depression and anxiety, to which serotonin dysfunction is historically associated, are also associated with lower assessments of other people's trustworthiness. Serotonergic changes are known to alter cognitive responses to threatening stimuli. This effect may manifest socially as r...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Simonsen A,Scheel-Krüger J,Jensen M,Roepstorff A,Møller A,Frith CD,Campbell-Meiklejohn D

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The dopaminergic system has been proposed to mediate alcohol-induced locomotor activity, yet the mechanisms underlying this behavioral response remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES:This study was conducted to investigate the role of dopamine D2-like receptors in mediating alcohol-induced behavioral responses...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Tran S,Facciol A,Gerlai R

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The ability of nicotine to induce dependence (result in a withdrawal syndrome) is typically thought to require long-term, daily smoking. Emerging evidence suggests that symptoms of nicotine withdrawal may occur following only a few cigarettes. Whether acute exposure to nicotine can induce dependence in animal...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Harris AC,Manbeck KE,Schmidt CE,Shelley D

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Inattentional blindness (IB) is the inability to detect a salient yet unexpected task irrelevant stimulus in one's visual field when attention is engaged in an ongoing primary task. The present study is the first to examine the impact of both task difficulty and alcohol consumption on IB and primary task perf...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Harvey AJ,Bayless SJ,Hyams G

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:While reserpine-induced oral movements (OM), an animal model of tardive dyskinesia, are more persistent in old than in adult rats, old animals present spontaneous OM, which are phenomenologically similar to those presented by reserpine-treated adult rats. We postulate that these OM may be the result of oxidat...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Abílio VC,Vera JA Jr,Ferreira LS,Duarte CR,Carvalho RC,Grassl C,Martins CR,Torres-Leite D,Bignotto M,Tufik S,Ribeiro Rde A,Frussa-Filho R

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral performances of normotensive and hypertensive adult male baboons were tested before, during, and following chronic oral dosing with nifedipine. Performances during a five-color simultaneous match-to-sample task were measured during three dosing schedules (0.20, 0.68, and 1.14 mg/kg/day) and vehicle. Each do...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Turkkan JS,Hienz RD

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The metabotropic glutamate (mGlu5) receptor subtype 5 antagonist MPEP attenuates self-administration of numerous drugs of abuse. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of the present study was to explore whether MPEP-induced decreases in nicotine and cocaine self-administration reflect attenuation of the reinforcing and inc...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Paterson NE,Markou A

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments investigated the effect of alcohol on retrieval of lexical information. In each, volunteers received alcohol (1 ml per kg body weight) in one session and no alcohol in another in counterbalanced order. Experiment 1 was a computerised version of the Mill Hill vocabulary test in which subjects were requi...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Maylor EA,Rabbitt PM,Kingstone AF

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00