Abstract:
RATIONALE:The ability of nicotine to induce dependence (result in a withdrawal syndrome) is typically thought to require long-term, daily smoking. Emerging evidence suggests that symptoms of nicotine withdrawal may occur following only a few cigarettes. Whether acute exposure to nicotine can induce dependence in animals has not been well established. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this paper is to examine whether the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine elicits withdrawal-like signs in rats following acute nicotine exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS:Mecamylamine (3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) administered ≈2 h after a single dose of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) elicited increases in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds and somatic signs, two well-established effects of withdrawal from long-term (chronic) nicotine exposure. The magnitude of these effects remained constant across five daily test sessions. A lower dose of mecamylamine (1.5 mg/kg, s.c.) had little or no effect on ICSS thresholds or somatic signs following acute nicotine exposure, but precipitated robust increases in these measures during a chronic nicotine infusion. Finally, rats exhibited a small increase in ICSS thresholds over time following a single nicotine injection (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.), possibly reflecting a modest spontaneous withdrawal-like effect. CONCLUSIONS:Mecamylamine elicited withdrawal-like signs in rats following a single dose of nicotine. The different effects of mecamylamine 1.5 mg/kg following acute versus chronic nicotine exposure supports the notion that these models simulate the early and more advanced stages of nicotine dependence, respectively. While further optimization and validation of these models is necessary, they may provide a novel approach for studying the earliest stages of nicotine dependence.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Harris AC,Manbeck KE,Schmidt CE,Shelley Ddoi
10.1007/s00213-012-2814-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
291-302issue
2eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
225pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE:Studies about whether or not the cognitive performance of women is influenced by changes in levels of sex steroid hormones across the menstrual cycle have produced ambiguous results. OBJECTIVES:This study tested whether flight simulator performance differs significantly between the menstrual and the luteal p...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100700
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00496858
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abstract::The behavioral responses to separate and combined administration of the D1 agonist SKF-38393 and the D2 agonist quinpirole following acute dopamine (DA) depletion via alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) or AMPT/reserpine were examined in infant (10-day-old) and weanling (21-day-old) rat pups. At both ages, AMPT pretreatmen...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244963
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433744
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
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更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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