Abstract:
RATIONALE:Concurrent abuse of cocaine and heroin is a common form of polydrug abuse, but the interactions between the reinforcing effects of cocaine and heroin are poorly understood. Dose-addition analysis is a tool for the quantitative assessment of drug interactions, but this analysis has not been applied to evaluation of the reinforcing effects of cocaine and heroin. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate interactions between the reinforcing effects of cocaine and heroin using dose-addition analysis. METHODS:Rhesus monkeys were trained under a concurrent-choice schedule of food delivery (1 gm pellets) and drug injections (cocaine or heroin, 0-0.1 mg kg(-1) injection(-1)). Full dose-effect curves were determined for cocaine alone and heroin alone. Subsequently, full dose-effect curves were determined for three fixed-proportion mixtures of cocaine and heroin (fixed proportions of 1:3.2, 1:1 and 3.2:1 cocaine/heroin). Dose-addition analysis was used to assess whether cocaine/heroin interactions were super-additive, additive, or sub-additive. RESULTS:Cocaine, heroin, and all cocaine/heroin mixtures maintained dose-dependent and monotonic increases in drug choice and dose-dependent decreases in response rates. Choice dose-effect curves for cocaine/heroin mixtures were shifted to the left of dose-effect curves for cocaine or heroin alone, and dose-addition analysis indicated that cocaine/heroin interactions on drug choice were sub-additive or additive. Cocaine/heroin interactions on response-rate measures were also sub-additive or additive. CONCLUSIONS:These results confirm that mixtures of cocaine and heroin produce reinforcing effects in rhesus monkeys; however, cocaine/heroin interactions were only or sub-additive or additive. Thus, these results do not support the hypothesis that simultaneously delivered cocaine and heroin produces super-additive reinforcing effects.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Negus SSdoi
10.1007/s00213-004-2133-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-06-01 00:00:00pages
115-24issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
180pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study examined the possibility that amphetamine-induced stereotypy and facilitation of memory consolidation are both mediated by amphetamine's stimulation of dopaminergic activity in the caudate nucleus. In the first experiment, rats were given pairings of a tone and a shock followed by SC amphetamine (2 mg/kg). ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427774
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Rivastigmine patches are used for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little is known about the serum concentration of rivastigmine and its metabolite or clinical adherence in relation to skinfold thickness after rivastigmine patch application. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to examine the asso...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5135-x
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared the efficacy of buprenorphine to methadone for decreasing cocaine use in patients with combined opioid and cocaine use. Participants (n = 51) were enrolled in a 26-week treatment program and randomly assigned to either buprenorphine or methadone. Dosing was double-blind and double-dummy. Patients w...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02247469
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Impulsive behavior is associated with both alcohol use disorders and a family history of alcoholism (FHA). One operational definition of impulsive behavior is the stop-signal task (SST) which measures the time needed to stop a ballistic hand movement. OBJECTIVE:Employ functional magnetic resonance imaging (f...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3038-4
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The effects of caffeine, especially caffeinated coffee, on human performance have been extensively studied. However, few studies have been naturalistic representations of how tea/coffee is normally consumed in terms of dose and time of consumption. OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the effects of day-long c...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002130000383
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a conditioned avoidance procedure in rats, the present study examined the ability of 8-OH-DPAT, ritanserin, and prazosin to alter the effects of the dopamine antagonists, raclopride and haloperidol, on avoidance- and on escape responding. The 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.16 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the inhib...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050124
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Atypical antipsychotic drug (APD)-induced weight gain causes non-compliance, increasing the risk of relapse and medical complications. OBJECTIVES:In an animal model, we assessed body weights, food intake, body fat/lean body mass contents and blood serum levels of glucose and lipids in female rats treated wit...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0081-9
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown that pretreatment with dopamine (DA) receptor blockers disrupts the effect of intravenously (IV) and intracerebrally (ICV), but not intraperitoneally (IP) administered cocaine on place preference conditioning (PPC). The present study was undertaken to further evaluate possible differences between IV ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00735892
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger synthesized in both the neuronal and glial populations by nitric oxide synthase type 1 (NOS1). Nicotine regulates NO production in a sex-dependent manner, both molecules being involved in motor function. OBJECTIVE:The present study evaluates sex differences in motor coordinat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3284-5
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tardive dyskinesia has been hypothesized to be caused by a neuroleptic-induced dopamine hypersensitivity in the nigrostriatal system. This study evaluated with dopamine antagonists the possibility that such dopamine hypersensitivity extends to the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) system, which regulates, by inhibiti...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00428314
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dysfunction of brain dopamine systems is involved in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Challenge studies with dopamine receptor agonists have been performed to assess dopamine receptor functioning, classically using the release of growth hormone (GH) from the hindbrain as primary outcome measure. The obj...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1686-1
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation has been proposed to be positively correlated with the rewarding effects of ethanol (Wise and Bozarth 1987). The present experiments provided a test of this hypothesis using a genetic model. Three behavioral indices of the motivational effects of ethanol (drinking, taste condition...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245064
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Previous studies indicate that the rewarding effect of D-1 dopamine receptor stimulation in nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is greater in food-restricted (FR) than in ad libitum fed (AL) rats. The D-1 receptor is positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and activates protein kinase A (PKA). OBJECTIVES:The purpos...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2602-z
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anxiolytic activity of diazepam (DZP) (0.25-1 mg/kg) was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic adult Charles Foster albino rats of either sex. Diabetes was induced by injecting STZ IP (50 mg/kg; in citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Experiments were performed 72 h later. The rats were subjected to various an...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050523
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of lithium on serotonin (5-HT)-mediated responses in the brain was assessed by measuring changes in the prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) responses to L-tryptophan (LTP) in eight normal subjects. On the 4th day of lithium treatment the PRL responses were significantly enhanced, and this enhancement wa...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00179198
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental differences in seizure susceptibility in mice and the roles of the histaminergic neuron system in inhibition of convulsions in development. First, we studied developmental differences in electrically-induced seizures. Since the 14-day-old mice showed a dif...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244911
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of major depression (MD) as well as in the mediation of antidepressant drug effects. OBJECTIVES:To analyze CNR1 gene variants in MD and clinical response to citalopram (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors [SSRI]). METHODS:The role of CN...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-2995-y
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the benzomorphan antagonist Mr 2266 and the selective delta-antagonist ICI 154,129 on the body weight gain of 6-day-old suckling rat pups was observed. Mr 2266 significantly reduced body weight gain in these animals, though ICI 154,129 had no affect on this variable. These findings suggest that mu- and ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432046
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intact male and ovariectomized female rats were trained to lever press under a random ratio (RR) schedule of food reinforcement. Effects of different doses of pentobarbital (1-16 mg/kg) and progesterone (10-80 mg/kg) on response output were studied. Low doses of pentobarbital increased responding, high doses decreased...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00179930
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food reward has been associated with activation of noradrenergic mechanisms in the brain. Using rats trained to press a lever for food reward, we have investigated the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions, which severly depleted hypothalamic noradrenaline, on the willingness of the rats to press the lever for food rew...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427343
更新日期:1979-06-28 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Temporal differentiation of operant behaviour is sensitive to dopaminergic manipulations. Studies using the fixed-interval peak procedure implicated D2 dopamine receptors in these effects. Less is known about the effects of dopaminergic manipulations on temporal differentiation in other timing schedules. OBJ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0339-x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Several antipsychotic drugs are metabolised by the polymorphic cytochrome P(450) CYP2D6. The impact of the polymorphism on the plasma levels and the occurrence of side effects have not been clearly established. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of the CYP2D6 polymorphism on the steady-state plasma concentr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1059-5
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Negative mood states are characterized by both stress hormone dysregulation and serotonergic dysfunction, reflected by altered thalamic serotonin transporter (5-HTT) levels. However, so far, no study examined the individual association between cortisol response and cerebral in vivo 5-HTT levels in patients su...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1903-y
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of mu and kappa opioids to alter the discriminative-stimulus and rate-decreasing effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT was examined in rats trained to discriminate either a low (0.1 mg/kg) or a high (0.3 mg/kg) dose of 8-OH-DPAT from water using a two-lever food-reinforced drug discrimination pr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246263
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The residual effects of three hypnotics were investigated by the method of 24-h polygraphy (EEG, EMG, and EOG). The drugs were triazolam 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg, flurazepam 15 mg and 30 mg, nitrazepam 5 mg and 10 mg, and placebo. The subjects were healthy volunteers, eight men and eight women with an average age of 34.3 ye...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00426651
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Evidence that alcohol leads to increased aggressive behaviour is equivocal and confounded by evidence that such effects may operate indirectly via expectancy. One mechanism by which alcohol consumption may increase aggressive behaviour is via alterations in the processing of emotional facial cues. OBJECTIVES...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1463-1
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The widespread deficits in cognitive flexibility observed across psychiatric disorders call for improved rodent tests to understand the biology of cognitive flexibility and development of better psychotherapeutics. Current reversal learning paradigms have a forced-choice setup that challenges the interpretati...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05687-6
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of bilateral nucleus accumbens microinjections of d-ala-met-enkephalinamide (DALA) were assessed in behavioral activation and lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation (LHSS) rate-frequency curve-shift paradigms in normal and accumbens 6-OHDA (4.0 micrograms) treated rats. Microinjections of DALA (2.5 microgra...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244999
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Hypericum perforatum L., known as St. John's wort (SJW), is used as a phytotherapeutic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate forms of depression. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SJW extract (STW 3-VI; 250 and 500 mg/kg; p.o.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) on gene...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2032-3
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a 15-s intershock interval, an increase in shock-induced fighting was observed following intraventricular 96 microgram 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) and 90 microgram 6-hydroxydopa (6-OHdopa). The incidence of predatory mouse killing was enhanced by 5,7-DHT, but was not affected by 6-OHdopa. Pain sensitivity ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432684
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00