Abstract:
:Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis was performed on several different types of human cancers, including carcinoma of the uterine cervix, neuroblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, stomach cancer, and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), to determine the chromosomal loci of putative tumor-suppressor genes in each type of tumor because less of heterozygosity (LOH) is supposed to unmask the recessive mutation of tumor-suppressor gene in the remaining allele. Chromosomal loci showing frequent LOH differed among these tumors, suggesting that there are several tumor-suppressor genes in the human genome and that critical genes for the development of each type of tumor are different. In some cases LOH was observed in the early stage of tumor such as chromosome 3p loss in carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and in other cases it was observed only in the advanced stage of tumor such as chromosomes 4 and 16q loss in hepatocellular carcinoma. These results suggest that there are two different types of tumor-suppressor genes: one is the gene whose inactivation is responsible for malignant transformation of a normal cell and the other is the gene whose inactivation is responsible for the progression of a tumor cell. In SCLC, LOH at three different chromosomal loci, 3p, 13q, and 17p, was simultaneously observed in nearly 100% of tumors. It was observed even in stage I tumors and an untreated tumor, and it occurred prior to N-myc amplification. These results may imply that at least six genetic alterations are necessary to convert a normal cell into a fully malignant cancer cell in SCLC.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Yokota J,Sugimura T,Terada Mdoi
10.1289/ehp.9193121subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-06-01 00:00:00pages
121-3eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Spatial epidemiology is the description and analysis of geographic variations in disease with respect to demographic, environmental, behavioral, socioeconomic, genetic, and infectious risk factors. We focus on small-area analyses, encompassing disease mapping, geographic correlation studies, disease clusters, and clus...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.6735
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in genetic susceptibility to hazardous chemicals affect individuals of both human and nonhuman populations. In both cases, differences in response to chemicals or general ill health result as a function of these differences in genetic susceptibility. However, ecological systems are a compilation of hundred...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4843
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead-induced nephropathy produces both tubular and interstitial manifestations of cell injury, but the pathophysiology of these lesions is not completely understood. Delineation of the molecular factors underlying renal handling of lead is one of central importance in understanding the mechanisms of renal cell injury ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.919177
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The progression of the cell cycle is controlled by the action of both positive and negative growth regulators. The key players in this activity include a family of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, which are themselves regulated by other kinases and phosphatases. Maintenance of balanced cell cycle controls may be ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s59
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have suggested an effect of high arsenic concentration on cognitive and neurobehavioral function in humans. OBJECTIVE:Our goal was to identify demographic and nutritional factors that are associated with As exposure and the influence of this exposure on cognitive function in school-age chil...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9961
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::mental retardation: timing and thresholds; (italic)b(/italic)) endocrine dysfunction and developmental disabilities: dose and target implications; (italic)c(/italic)) attention-deficit disorder-ADHD and learning disabilities; and (italic)d(/italic)) new horizons: extending the boundaries. Support for the Rochester con...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3373
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the many forms that biological warfare may take is the targeting of major food crops. In a poor country where millions of citizens depend on staple crops such as rice, an act of bioterrorism that destroys the crop would create a famine, resulting not only in malnutrition and starvation but also in reduced immun...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.108-a126
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated the disease burden from water, sanitation, and hygiene at the global level taking into account various disease outcomes, principally diarrheal diseases. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) combines the burden from death and disability in a single index and permits the comparison of the burden from wa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.110-1240845
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed and applied a new measurement methodology to investigate dermal absorption of chloroform while bathing. Ten subjects bathed in chlorinated water while breathing pure air through a face mask. Their exhaled breath was delivered to a glow discharge source/ion trap mass spectrometer for continuous real-t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106337
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toxicology studies have shown adverse effects of developmental exposure to industrial phenols. Evaluation in humans is challenged by potentially marked within-subject variability of phenol biomarkers in pregnant women, which is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to characterize within-day, between-da...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1994
更新日期:2018-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the general population is exposed to carbaryl and other contemporary-use insecticides at low levels. Studies of laboratory animals, in addition to limited human data, show an association between carbaryl exposure and decreased semen quality. In the present study we explored whether environmental exposures to 1...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7234
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term increases in ambient air pollution have been associated with an increased incidence of acute cardiac events. We assessed the effect of inhalation exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) on myocardial ischemia in a canine model of coronary artery occlusion. Six mongrel dogs underwent thoracotomy fo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5775
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of its unique geology, Minnesota can be divided into four agricultural regions: south-central region one (corn, soybeans); west-central region two (wheat, corn, soybeans); northwest region three (wheat, sugar beets, potatoes); and northeast region four (forested and urban in character). Cancer mortality (1980-...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107205
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with a host of pathological conditions in humans. In rodents Pb exposure has been shown to alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the effects of lead on responses of the HPA axis to a psychosocial laboratory stressor adm...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1103873
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomarkers are desirable for quantitating human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and for predicting potential health risks for exposed individuals. A number of biomarkers of ETS have been proposed. At present cotinine, measured in blood, saliva, or urine, appears to be the most specific and the most sensi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s2349
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, mutagenicity testing was done on preselected compounds in a manner in which the testing laboratories knew the identity of the substances under test and the "expected" results, i.e., positive for compounds selected because of their carcinogenicity and negative for food additives. There is no completed s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7720253
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fumonisin B1(FB1) is a fungal metabolite of Fusarium verticillioides (= F. moniliforme), a fungus that grows on many crops worldwide. Previous studies demonstrated that male BD IX rats consuming diets containing 50 ppm fumonisin B1 developed hepatocellular carcinomas. In our recent studies, diets containing FB1 at 50 ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s2309
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential danger of natural mercury accumulation in the diet of the Eskimo is evaluated through mercury levels determined in cord blood, placenta, maternal blood, hair, and milk of 38 maternal-infant pairs from Anchorage and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Although mercury levels are not discernably dangerous, trends t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7615135
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rodent models for urban air pollution show consistent induction of inflammatory responses in major brain regions. However, the initial impact of air pollution particulate material on olfactory gateways has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) and brain regional respon...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP134
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This subject concerns the complex interrelationship of a genetically determined protein deficiency, enzymes which are inhibited by that protein, environmental challenges such as cigarette smoke and industrial pollutants, and the occurrence of obstructive lung disease (Fig. 1). Unequivocal establishment of an etiologic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.792957
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytotoxic action of a series of mineral dusts has been studied using Chinese hamster V79-4 cells obtained from three separate laboratories in the UK. The dusts which have been studied include samples of asbestos from the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer reference series and an internationally available sample...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8351189
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elemental boron was isolated in 1808. It typically occurs in nature as borates hydrated with varying amounts of water. Important compounds are boric acid and borax. Boron compounds are also used in the production of metals, enamels, and glasses. In trace amounts, boron is essential for the growth of many plants, and i...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s7113
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are xenobiotics that mimic the interaction of natural hormones and alter synthesis, transport, or metabolic pathways. The prospect of EDCs causing adverse health effects in humans and wildlife has led to the development of scientific and regulatory approaches for evaluat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP5580
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational cancer research methods was identified in 1996 as 1 of 21 priority research areas in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). To implement NORA, teams of experts from various sectors were formed and given the charge to further define research needs and develop strategies to enhance or augment res...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.111-1241299
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the knowledge of high risk groups in the standard-setting process is examined. The overall conclusion is that many potential high risk segments of the population have not been studied adequately and that this deficiency in our knowledge markedly reduces the ability of decision makers to derive appropriate ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8352257
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although it is well established that air pollutants can exacerbate asthma, the link with new asthma onset in children is less clear. OBJECTIVE:We assessed the association between the onset of childhood asthma with both time of birth and time-varying exposures to outdoor air pollutants. METHOD:An open cohor...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1509838
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of sodium selenite administered intragastrically in repeated doses to rats receiving ethylmercuric chloride po in various repeated doses (0.25 or 2.5 mg Hg/kg) on the excretion, whole-body retention, and organ distribution of mercury was studied. Selenium was found to affect the distribution of ethylmercury...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.39-1568742
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prostaglandins (PGs) play key roles in development and maintenance of homeostasis of the adult body. Despite these important roles, it remains unclear whether the PG pathway is a target for endocrine disruption. However, several known endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) share a high degree of structural si...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002635
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Findings from national surveys suggest that everyone in the United States is exposed to perchlorate. At high doses, perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate inhibit iodide uptake into the thyroid and decrease thyroid hormone production. Small changes in thyroid hormones during pregnancy, including changes withi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409614
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality curves for groups of fasted male rats treated with single, oral doses of 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE, vinylidene chloride) were not monotonically increasing sigmoids, but were complex with maxima or extended plateaus in the region of dose between 100 and 700 mg of 1,1-DCE/kg. The exact shape was a function...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7721157
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00