Abstract：
:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research to date has focused almost exclusively on the pathophysiology of injured neurons with very little attention paid to non-neuronal cells. However in the past decade, exciting discoveries have challenged this century-old view of passive glial cells and have led to a reinterpretation of the role of glial cells in central nervous system (CNS) biology and pathology. In this chapter we review several lines of evidence, indicating that glial cells, particularly astrocytes, are active partners to neurons in the brain, and summarize recent findings that detail the significance of astrocyte pathology in traumatic brain injury.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Floyd CL,Lyeth BGdoi
10.1016/S0079-6123(06)61005-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
61-79eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(06)61005-4journal_volume
161pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:PTSD arises by definition as a direct consequence of the experience of an acute severe stressor. The formation of traumatic memory and its extinction, sympathetic and adrenocortical stress systems activity in relation to individual vulnerability form the core of animal models for PTSD. ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)67008-3
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saccadic oscillations are unwanted back-to-back saccades occurring one upon the other that produce a high-frequency oscillation of the eyes (usually 15-30 Hz). These may occur transiently in normal subjects, for example, around the orthogonal axis of a purely horizontal or vertical saccade, during combined saccade-ver...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00616-X
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hand preference is a sensorimotor skill whose development both reflects and promotes the development of hemispheric lateralization for manual and cognitive functions. Extensive comparative, crosscultural, and paleoanthropological evidence demonstrates the prevalence of limb lateralized preferences across vertebrate sp...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.06.007
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The following chapter offers an overview of results of experimental studies conducted among healthy individuals examining the effects of acute administration of Δ9-THC and other cannabinoids, alone or in combination, on brain function and behavior, also as a function of previous cannabis exposure. In light of their me...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.010
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative models of the oculomotor plant and control of the saccadic eye movement system are presented in this chapter. Oculomotor plant models described here are linear, including a second-order model by Westheimer (1954), Bahill et al. (1980) and Enderle et al. (2000). The model of the saccade generator is initia...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(02)40040-4
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Puerperal psychosis, an episode of mania or psychosis precipitated by childbirth follows approximately one in 1000 deliveries. The evidence of clinical, outcome and genetic studies supports the hypothesis that the majority of puerperal psychotic episodes are manifestations of an affective disorder diathesis with a pue...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)33024-8
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain processing of pain in humans is based on multiple ascending pathways and brain regions that are involved in several pain components, such as sensory, immediate affective, and secondary affective dimensions. These dimensions are processed both serially and in parallel. They include spinal ascending pathways that ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(06)57020-7
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The noradrenergic (NA) afferent projection to the cerebellar cortex, which originates mainly from the locus coeruleus (LC), may act on the target neurons by utilizing both alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. Experiments performed in decerebrate cats have shown that unilateral injection into the vermal cortex of the cerebel...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63828-5
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cognitive changes that occur with ageing are usually referred to as 'age-related cognitive decline'. The most pronounced changes may be found in the executive functions that require integrity of the prefrontal cortical circuitry. With age, sleep also changes profoundly, with more sleep fragmentation, earlier awake...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00011-7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter reviews the neurological phenotype of Down syndrome (DS) in early development, childhood, and aging. Neuroanatomic abnormalities in DS are manifested as aberrations in gross brain structure as well as characteristic microdysgenetic changes. As the result of these morphological abnormalities, brain circuit...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-54299-1.00006-6
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinogeniculate connections are one of the most striking examples of connection specificity within the visual pathway. In almost every connection there is one dominant afferent cell per geniculate cell, and both afferent and geniculate cells have very similar receptive fields. The remarkable specificity and strength ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)54001-4
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanism is at the heart of understanding, and this chapter addresses underlying brain mechanisms and pathways of cognition and the impact of sleep on these processes, especially those serving learning and memory. This chapter reviews the current understanding of the relationship between sleep/waking states and cogni...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00001-4
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) triggers a form of respiratory plasticity known as long-term facilitation (LTF), which is manifested as a progressive increase in respiratory motor activity that lasts for minutes to hours after the hypoxic stimulus is removed. Respiratory LTF has been reported in numerous animal model...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-63488-7.00011-2
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive control and decision making are two important research areas in the realm of higher-order cognition. Control processes such as interference control and monitoring in cognitive and affective contexts have been found to influence the process of decision making. Development of control processes follows a gradua...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-62604-2.00018-6
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deficits in motivation are at the core of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Research in MDD has been heavily focused on anhedonia and depression or negative/positive symptoms of depression, with less research attention focused on the dysregulation of motivational processes. Op...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.009
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:VLBW infants are at risk of lesions including intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leucomalacia. Those with normal IQ still present with reading difficulties. Oculomotor performance was assessed on 14 VLBWs (IQ > 85) and 15 full-term age-matched controls. Anti-saccade errors were significantly higher for t...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(02)40070-2
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegeneration; however, therapies to prevent or treat AD are inadequate. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein accrues in cortical senile plaques, one of the key neuropathological hallmarks of AD, and is elevated in brains of early onset AD patients in a small number o...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17506-4
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Language is predominantly a left hemisphere function, yet patients with extensive damage to known language areas often recover quite well in the days to weeks to even years following focal brain injury. This recovery period can be divided into three overlapping stages: acute, subacute, and chronic, each with different...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)57009-8
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of consciousness within cognitive neuroscience has been dominated in recent years by investigations originating from collaborations between neuroscientific investigators and Buddhist meditation practitioners. The results have been remarkable, particularly when quantitative and qualitative research methods ha...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.016
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This investigation was designed to study the role of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular responses elicited by microinjection of cholinergic agonists in the intermediate portion of the NTS, the VLPA and VLDA areas and the IML of the spinal cord. Microinjections of L-glutamate (1.77 nmol in 20-50 nl in 0...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62007-5
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is a FAD-dependent enzyme with a molecular mass of about 62 kDa, present with high activity in most tissues of vertebrates. Structural requirements of a substrate for PAO are two positively charged amino groups, separated by a short carbon chain and an alkyl substituent on one or both nitrogen ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61229-7
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress is known to play a key role in the initiation and promotion of the neurodegeneration that characterizes the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). An accumulation of redox active transition metals, including iron and copper, is likely a major generator of reactive oxidative species and other free rad...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)80005-2
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex hormone effects on hypothalamic neurons have been worked out to a point where receptor mechanisms are relatively well understood, a neural circuit for a sex steroid-dependent behavior has been determined, and several functional genomic regulations have been discovered and conceptualized. With that knowledge in han...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)58012-4
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motor control is defined as the process of restricting the output of the motor nervous system so that meaningful and coordinated behavior ensues. The high dimensionality of the computation underlying motor control is presented and a simplifying framework is outlined. Evidence that movements are performed non-continuou...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63380-4
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An unresolved issue in visual motion perception is how distinct are the processes underlying 'first-order' and 'second-order' motion. The former is defined by spatio-temporal variations of luminance and the latter by spatio-temporal variations in other image attributes such as contrast or depth, for example. Using neu...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)14414-7
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of estrogen biosynthesis. It is expressed in many tissues such as the gonads, brain and adipose tissue. The regulation of the level and activity of aromatase determines the levels of estrogens that have endocrine, paracrine and autocrine effects on tissues. Estrogen...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)81012-6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasopressin (VP) is one of the principal neurotransmitters of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). By means of anatomical, physiological and electrophysiological techniques we have demonstrated that VP containing pathways from the SCN serve to affect neuroendocrine and 'autonomic' neurons in the paraventricular nucleus....
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61581-2
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basic tendencies to detect and respond to significant events are present in the simplest single cell organisms and persist throughout all invertebrates and vertebrates. Within vertebrates, the overall brain plan is highly conserved, though differences in size and complexity also exist. The forebrain differs the most b...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53860-4.00021-0
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concerted efforts are realizing cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). In this chapter, I describe efforts at the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University. These efforts use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as donor cells. The iPSCs were established as human leukocyte antig...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cellular and ionic mechanisms that generate the rhythm in central pattern generator (CPG) networks for simple movements are not well understood. Using vertebrate locomotion, respiration and mastication as exemplars, I describe four main principles of rhythmogenesis: (1) rhythmogenic ionic currents underlie all CPG...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53613-6.00014-9
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
