Abstract：
:Although the kinematics, mechanics, energetics and mathematics of trot-gallop gait transitions have been discussed in previous papers, no one article has tried to assimilate all the information. This review paper does this and includes a summary of the relatively new engineering (mathematical) approach to analyzing these transitions developed by Schoner et al. (29). The paper also presents unpublished data on gait transitions in cats and monkeys, and attempts to develop some general principles pertaining to trot-gallop transitions. Finally, the paper highlights areas where additional information is needed.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Vilensky JA,Libii JN,Moore AMdoi
10.1016/0031-9384(91)90026-ksubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-10-01 00:00:00pages
835-42issue
4eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
0031-9384(91)90026-Kjournal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:'Low-carb' diets have been suggested to be effective in body weight (BW) management. However, these diets are relatively high in protein as well. OBJECTIVE:To unravel whether body-weight loss and weight-maintenance depends on the high-protein or the 'low-carb' component of the diet. DESIGN:Body-weight (BW)...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.08.004
更新日期：2012-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:A causal relationship between declining nocturnal core temperature, increasing peripheral temperature, and sleep onset has been reported. The exact trigger for these thermoregulatory changes around sleep onset, however, is unknown. Our aim was to examine one possible trigger: prior knowledge of bedtime. Fourteen young...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.11.018
更新日期：2007-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was a description of hormonal profiles in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) in estrus that was induced by male exposure versus postpartum estrus. Hormonal profiles are reported in sexually naive females and in sexually experienced females, as a function of varying amounts of ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90195-9
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two experiments examined the contribution of the two catecholamines--epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE)--to the control of food intake and body weight gain in male rats during chronic exercise. Urinary excretion of both catecholamines rose significantly and was positively correlated to food intake inhibition (N...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(88)90278-8
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The studies reported here addressed the question of whether the pungent principle in chilies, capsaicin, suppresses taste and flavor intensity. Over a period of several minutes, groups of frequent and infrequent eaters of chili repeatedly rated the taste and flavor intensities of sweet and sour solutions that also con...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)02052-7
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic exercise is considered as one of the most effective means of countering symptoms of the metabolic syndrome (MS) such as obesity and hyperglycemia. Rodent models of forced or voluntary exercise are often used to study the mechanisms of MS and type 2 diabetes. However, there is little known on the impact of gene...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.025
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported that the opioid receptor blocker, naloxone, is less effective in reducing palatable food intake in offspring exposed to a maternal cafeteria diet during the perinatal period, implicating a desensitization of the central opioid pathway in the programming of food preferences. The present stud...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.007
更新日期：2014-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of restricting food and water intake to the light period on sleep and brain temperature (Tbr). Sprague-Dawley male rats were anesthetized and provided with electrodes and thermistors for electroencephalographic (EEG) and Tbr recordings. Baseline recordings ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00137-7
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chorda tympani nerve (CT) and the glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) have been considered important nerves for the sense of taste. We studied the effect of bilateral sectioning of the CT and/or GL on the sweet taste in the mouse. Before and after surgery we analyzed the daily drinking patterns, using the two-bottle prefe...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90171-b
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of nutritional supplementation with essential omega 3 and 6 fatty acids on CA1 neuronal death and recovery of functional impairments following global ischemia. Groups of Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions determined by the ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.07.020
更新日期：2008-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The present report explored firstly how palatability modified the effects of energy density (ED) on short-term food intake and changes in rated appetite within a single test meal, and secondly how repeated consumption altered these relationships. Experiment 1 contrasted disguised high (HED) and low (LED) versions of a...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.019
更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of the participation of different substantia nigra sites in the sensitization of resistant (R) animals to audiogenic seizures (AS), was performed after series of small (5 mC; n = 28), medium (10 mC; n = 57) and large (15 mC; 3 points of 5 mC each, n = 19) unilateral electrolytic lesions of the substantia ni...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)00050-s
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To test the hypothesis that hepatic vagal afferents mediate the satiety effect of pancreatic glucagon, we tested the effects of selective surgical and pharmacological lesions of the abdominal vagus on glucagon's potency to inhibit feeding. Surgical disconnection of only the hepatic branch of the abdominal vagus blocke...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(83)90207-x
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One group of male rats was reared continuously in small, stable colonies of three animals each during a ten-week period beginning when they were 46 days old. A second group of animals was also reared in small groups of three animals each but membership within these colonies was randomly changed at weekly intervals. Th...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(84)90373-1
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A ligation of the common bile duct (BDL) produces cholestasis and hypotension and increases the daily ingestion of sodium chloride solutions in rats. Low-dose captopril (CAP) treatment also modifies the ingestion of water and sodium in naive rats, and may do so in cholestatic rats. This study examined whether the elev...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00295-9
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a cytokine secreted by activated macrophages, inhibits sexual behavior in female but not male rats. The present study examined the effects of IL-1 on sexual attractiveness of the injected animal and on the sexual responses exhibited by its mating partner. In Experiment 1, a male rat was placed wi...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00381-8
更新日期：1997-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult male Betta splendens were gonadectomized and tested twice for aggressive behavior two weeks later. In a mutual viewing test environment, it was found that gonadectomized animals maintained their aggressive behavior on all six indices of aggression at a level equal to controls. Animals that showed some testis reg...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(79)90139-2
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies indicate that neonatal and adult rats are attracted to the taste of sugar as well as to starch-derived polysaccharides (e.g., Polycose). The present study investigated whether the relative preference for sweet and starchy tastes changes during the postweaning to adulthood period in male and female rats....
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90252-y
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-four-day old weanling male and female rats were either lesioned in the septal area, gonadectomized, lesioned and gonadectomized, or untreated. Tests for reactivity to electric shock were conducted at 26 and at 40 days of age. Neither males nor females showed any effect of the lesions are measured by flinch and ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(77)90046-4
更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to link parameters describing oral physiology and anatomy of consumers varying in age, gender and ethnicity to food oral processing behavior. Three groups of healthy consumers were compared: Dutch, Caucasian adults (18-30 yrs, n =32), Chinese, Asian adults (18-30 yrs, n =32) and Dutch, Caucas...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112766
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were instrumented with arterial catheters and directional-pulsed Doppler flow probes for assessment of blood pressure, heart rate, and blood flow in the renal, mesenteric, and hindquarter vascular beds. Subjects were tested in an intermittent shock procedure under paired and isolated social conditions and the car...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90198-4
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) evoked from the ventral tegmental area-substantia nigra (VTA-SN) and lateral hypothalamus-medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) was assessed following microinjections of mu (Tyr-D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Gly5ol: DAGO), delta-(D-Ala2, D-Met5)-enkephalin: DADME) or kappa (Dynorphin-B or Rimorphin)...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)90036-1
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the best-studied form of vertebrate synaptic plasticity, NMDA-receptor dependent long-term potentiation (NMDAR-LTP) has long been considered a leading candidate for a cellular locus for some aspects of learning and memory. However, assigning a specific role for this form of plasticity in learning and memory has pro...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00514-5
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The medial zone of parabrachial nuclei (PBN) serves as an obligatory synapse in the central gustatory system in rodents. Lesions in the PBN impair taste aversion learning and depletion-induced sodium appetite in rats, and also alter the ingestion of sapid stimuli. Interpretation of these lesion-induced behavioral defi...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90205-t
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucocorticoids have major effects on food intake, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This article highlights data on the changes that occur when glucocorticoids are removed by adrenalectomy, and the effects of central and systemic administered glucocorticoids on feeding behavior in rats. Next, ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.028
更新日期：2006-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Prolonged consumption of ketogenic diets (KD) has reported neuroprotective benefits. Several studies suggest KD interventions could be useful in the management of neurological and developmental disorders. Alterations in the Engrailed (En) genes, specifically Engrailed 2 (En2), have neurodevelopmental consequences and ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.001
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ghrelin, an acylated upper gastrointestinal peptide, is the only known orexigenic hormone. Considerable evidence implicates ghrelin in mealtime hunger and meal initiation. Circulating levels decrease with feeding and increase before meals, achieving concentrations sufficient to stimulate hunger and food intake. Prepra...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.022
更新日期：2006-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Ingestion of placenta and amniotic fluid has been shown to enhance opioid-mediated analgesia produced by morphine injection, footshock, vaginal/cervical stimulation, and during late pregnancy in rats. The present study was designed to determine how soon after ingestion the enhancement begins and how long it lasts. Tai...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90058-9
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is strong evidence from animal studies that prenatal stress has different effects on male and female offspring. In general, although not always, prenatal stress increases anxiety, depression and stress responses, both hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and cardiovascular, in female offspring rather than in male. Mal...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.02.011
更新日期：2012-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrasonic imaging was used to quantify oral movements made during the oral processing of foods while subjects assessed the intensity of the sensory attributes, thick, creamy, sweet and bitter. A series of four stimuli were prepared with high and low viscosities and high and low sweetness. Over five sessions, subjects...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.021
更新日期：2006-08-30 00:00:00
