Abstract：
:The studies reported here addressed the question of whether the pungent principle in chilies, capsaicin, suppresses taste and flavor intensity. Over a period of several minutes, groups of frequent and infrequent eaters of chili repeatedly rated the taste and flavor intensities of sweet and sour solutions that also contained either orange or vanilla flavor, and capsaicin at 0, 2, 4, and 16 ppm. As well as the intensity of the qualities while in the mouth, measures of the number of rating periods for the intensity to dissipate to zero, and the summed total intensity were also derived. Infrequent chili users rated the capsaicin burn as more intense than did the frequent users. With few exceptions, and for groups, sweetness was suppressed by the presence of capsaicin. By contrast, sourness was unaffected by capsaicin. Flavor intensities also showed suppression by capsaicin. High correlations between ratings of sweetness and flavor were found, suggesting that perceptual confusion between the two qualities may have been responsible for the flavor suppression. A second experiment examined the effects of capsaicin on ratings of strawberry flavor alone. This study produced little evidence of flavor suppression by capsaicin. These results are discussed in terms of an attentional model of capsaicin's effects.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Prescott J,Stevenson RJdoi
10.1016/0031-9384(95)02052-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
1117-27issue
6eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
0031938495020527journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Winning competitions has been shown to lead to higher testosterone (T) relative to losing in men and males of other species. In Experiment 1, 38 women and 37 men provided a saliva sample, completed a novel computer-based vocabulary competition task at which they won or lost based on their own ability, provided feedbac...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.11.017
更新日期：2007-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) has been linked to obesity in adults and children. This study examined the stability of EAH in children between 4.5 and 6 years old, and associations with energy intake and portion selection, as well as cross-sectional and prospective associations with body co...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.033
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The EMG, ECG and the behavioral activity of seven rats were recorded for three days previous to and 24 hours after lesioning both caudate-putamen complexes. Following the lesion, the paradoxical sleep stage lengthened by about 248%, without noticeable changes in the slow wave sleep or in the waking stages. The greates...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(75)90133-x
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The circadian system is believed to be composed of a population of oscillators that couple together and generate a single rhythm. If this coupling is not strong enough, the circadian system can be dissociated into two or more groups of oscillators, and this is manifested in a dissociation of the overt rhythm into at l...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00241-9
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inferior colliculus (IC) is primarily involved in the processing of acoustic stimuli, including those emitted by prey and predators. The role of the central nucleus of the IC (CIC) in fear and anxiety has been suggested based on electrophysiological, behavioral and immunohistochemical studies. The reactivity of hi...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.007
更新日期：2013-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Challenging animals with a demanding situation they are able to cope with and where they are rewarded may be a source of positive emotions and possibly of increased welfare. In order to test if this results in changes of immunological parameters and wound healing, 56 pigs (7-20 weeks of age), housed in groups of 8 ani...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.001
更新日期：2006-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible contribution of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DB) to the development of a simple form of counterconditioning (an associative mechanism leading to behavioural tolerance for stress) was assessed by comparison of the performance of animals with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the DB to that of sham-o...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(87)90178-8
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Body temperature (Tb) was monitored telemetrically in adult deer mice kept in an environmental chamber at low ambient temperature (Ta = 15 degrees C). Mice were challenged with various doses of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG, a glycolysis inhibitor) or mercaptoacetate (MA, a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor) or a combination of...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00495-7
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of wheel deprivation on running were explored. Eight male rats, well habituated to wheels, were each deprived of wheels for periods of 0, 1, 3, and 10 h during the night (Experiment 1) and 0, 1, 3, and 10 days (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, as wheel deprivation lengthened, wheel running in the first 24 h...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00278-9
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The temporal organization of masculine sexual behavior in rats is highly stereotyped; involving a sequence of mounts, intromissions and ejaculations. Sexual behavior has been described in exogamic and genetically manipulated rodent species. In this work, we compare the male sexual behavior of outbred Sprague-Dawley (S...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.030
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reward-related stimuli come to acquire incentive salience through Pavlovian learning and become capable of controlling reward-oriented behaviors. Here, we examined individual differences in anticipatory activity elicited by reward-related cues as indicative of how animals attribute incentive salience to otherwise neut...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.012
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects on rodent anxiety of kindling in the medial or basolateral amygdaloid nuclei in each hemisphere were examined. Anxiety was measured using the hole board and elevated plus maze tests. The animals were kindled in medial or basolateral amygdalas, of either the left or right hemisphere. Controls had electrodes...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)90002-7
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction of sucrose availability and oral self-administration of amphetamine was examined in 23 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fourteen rats were given a 0.075 mg/ml amphetamine sulfate solution as their sole source of fluid and 9 rats were given water. Feeding conditions were alternated between weeks with both gran...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(88)90312-5
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Memory and learning are impaired by imbalanced diet consumption. High-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) induces oxidative stress, which results in neuronal damage and interference with synaptic transmission; hence, a decline in cognitive function. Vitamin E is a fat soluble antioxidant that is believed to have positiv...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.06.011
更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of hypothyroidism on the odor detection ability of male Long-Evans rats was determined using high-precision olfactometry and a go/no-go operant task. Nonparametric signal detection measures of sensitivity and responsitivity, as well as measures of S+ response latency, the number of aborted trials, and se...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)00145-x
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Balb/c mice were infected with influenza virus PR8 (H1N1) by the intranasal route. At various subsequent times, brain samples were examined for their content of catecholamine and indoleamine metabolites, and plasma corticosterone was measured. Virus infection was associated with a progressive loss of body and thymus w...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90078-4
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:17-β estradiol (E2) has been shown to modulate fear conditioning by influencing freezing behavior following re-exposure to either the conditioning context or a cue associated with shock. Fear-related behaviors other than freezing may be influenced differently by E2 replacement. Accordingly, the present study examined ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.030
更新日期：2014-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of former athleticism and current activity status on static and dynamic postural balance in older adults. Fifty-six subjects participated in four study groups including former athletes, currently active (AA; n = 15; 69.1+/-4.4 years.; 77.8+/-9.8 kg), former athl...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00272-9
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of single waves of unilateral cortical spreading depression (CSD) on skin-heating behavior were studied in the rat with the unilateral lesion in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). A single CSD contralateral to the PO/AH lesion significantly increased the number of heating for 4 min after CSD had e...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injections of ACTH or corticosterone into late pregnant mice from Days 14 to 21 did not alter testes weights or feminine copulatory behavior of male offspring in adulthood. However masculine copulatory behavior was significantly reduced. Because ACTH does not cross the placenta, alterations in sexual behavior of male ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(84)90085-4
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nootropic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties have been shown in a standardized ethanol extract of Ptychopetalum olacoides (POEE), a medicinal plant traditionally used by the Amazonian elderly population. It has been revealed that POEE mechanisms of action include anticholinesterase effects, and involve beta-...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.022
更新日期：2008-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:One very synthetic way to represent a night's sleep is by way of a hypnogram: a graphical representation of the sleep stages as a function of time. The hypnogram is generally quantified by a series of variables that measure the durations and latencies of the various sleep stages including wake. These variables, howeve...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90289-r
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated whether juveniles of the nocturnal fish jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) and the diurnal fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are able to chemically communicate stress to conspecifics. Groups of 8 fish were reared in tanks under recirculated water (water exchanged among all the tanks) for each species. Fis...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.03.009
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The need to obtain data from individual laboratory animals has forced many researchers to singly-house small animals. This is costly to the researcher and isolation can adversely affect animal physiology and behavior which in turn may threaten the validity and generalization of experiment results to humans. We assesse...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.025
更新日期：2008-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Ibotenic acid (IBO) is assumed to lesion neurons and to spare fibers of passage. The effects of such lesions in the amygdaloid complex of rats were compared to those of radio frequency lesions (RF) on a passive avoidance task. Both lesions impaired the acquisition of the passive avoidance response. Plasma corticostero...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(85)90119-2
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In unanesthetized cats the emetic action of an injection of nicotine into the cerebral ventricle through chronically implanted cannulae was investigated. Nicotine injected in doses of 0.02-1.0 mg produced dose-dependent vomiting, which was abolished after ablation of the area postrema. However, copper sulfate given in...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(87)90250-2
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the developing rodent, there is a period from about days 4 to 14 when the adrenal response to stress is either minimal or non-existent. This has been designated as the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP). Numerous experiments have demonstrated that maternal factors are critical for the regulation of the pup's hypot...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00496-6
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postcopulatory genital autogrooming was studied in rats following desensitization of the glans penis due to topical application of an anesthetic ointment or to surgical transection of the dorsal penile nerve. These treatments sharply reduced the number of mounts resulting in intromission, but genital autogrooming was ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90228-x
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium deficit poses a life-threatening challenge to body fluid homeostasis and generates a sodium appetite - the behavioral drive to ingest sodium. Dr. Randall R. Sakai greatly contributed to our understanding of the hormonal responses to negative sodium balance and to the central processing of these signals. Reactiv...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.021
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune mice perform poorly in two-way active avoidance tasks, and the extent of this performance deficit appears to be related to the extent of autoimmunity following developmental manipulations. In the current study, the pituitary hormone prolactin, which has immune-enhancing effects, was used to manipulate this ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00200-x
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
