Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:Commuters leaving a station often choose the stair as a quicker exit than the escalator. This paper models the effects of speed leaving the station and stair width on choice of the stairs or escalator. METHODS:Aggregated data from previous studies (n=82,347) revealed a plateau at about 45% stair use as the number leaving each train rose. Subsequently, the time taken by passengers on the stairs and escalator was measured in a station in Birmingham, UK in 2007 (n=5848). The resulting transport rates (passengers s(-1)) for stairs and escalators at the average commuting traffic were used to estimate the effects of increases in stair width on choice of the stairs. RESULTS:Average transport rates were higher for the escalator (0.93+/-0.33 passengers s(-1)) than the stairs (0.58+/-0.24 passengers s(-1)). Modelling of the effects of transport rate with multiple regression suggested 40.1% of passengers would use the stairs, a figure close to the observed rate. Using similar calculations, a doubling of width of the stairs could result maximally in a 17.2% increase in stair use. CONCLUSIONS:Changes to the width of stairs could produce a permanent increase in lifestyle physical activity immune to the effects of time on healthy intentions.
journal_name
Prev Medjournal_title
Preventive medicineauthors
Eves FF,Lewis AL,Griffin Cdoi
10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.12.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-01 00:00:00pages
270-2issue
3eissn
0091-7435issn
1096-0260pii
S0091-7435(07)00506-3journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing regular physical activity in adults at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease is an important target for preventive medicine. This study evaluated demographic, social and cognitive predictors of self-reported changes in physical activity after 4 and 12 months in a randomized trial of behavioral c...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1006/pmed.2000.0688
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To identify factors associated with age of smoking initiation and distinguish vulnerable periods for initiation according to those factors. METHOD:Discrete time hazards analysis was used to model smoking initiation as a function of age (5-23), demographic and familial influence variables (measured at age 13)...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.09.004
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study characterized Oregon households according to type and degree of restrictions on smoking and explored whether smoking restrictions are associated with decreased environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. METHODS:A population-based, random-digit-dialed cross-sectional telephone survey of 6,199 adu...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.2002.1123
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In a contemporary sample of Saskatchewan farm people, to relate the degree of mechanized and also non-mechanized farm work to the occurrence of being overweight or obese. Secondarily to determine the prevalence of being overweight or obese, and to compare these prevalence levels with those reported for genera...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.012
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of all the neurotoxins, lead is the longest known and best understood. Because we know so much about what it does, where it is, and what is required to remove it from the presence of children, lead poisoning should also be one of the easiest diseases to eradicate. Despite this, progress in the primary prevention of ch...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1994.1105
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:States play a key role in addressing obesity and its risk factors through policymaking, but there is variation in state activity nationally. The goal of this study was to examine whether the presence of a consolidated Democratic or Republican "trifecta" - when a state's governorship and both houses of the legislature ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.028
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The impact of social participation on older adults' health may differ by individual socioeconomic status (SES). Consequently, we examined SES effect modification on the associations between types of social activity participation and incident functional disability. Cohort data from the 2003 Japan Gerontological Evaluat...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.006
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine what health behaviors patients choose to change in response to medical advice when they are given the potential net-present value (reduction in biological age) of modifying a behavior. METHODS:Baseline data for multiple health-risk behaviors that were recommended for change among 660 coronary an...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.09.007
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of a community based participatory research (CBPR) developed, multi-level smoking cessation intervention among women in subsidized housing neighborhoods in the Southeastern US. METHODS:A total of n=409 women in 14 subsidized housing neighborhoods in Georgia and South Carolina pa...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.008
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The magnitude of confounding is examined in nine case studies of two "weak" relationships: between artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer, and between oral contraceptives and cervical dysplasia. Confounding had little or no influence on the results of any published study. The responsible epidemiologist must always c...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(87)90081-8
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to assess accuracy in predicting adolescent smoking status using attitude, knowledge, behavioral, and sociodemographic variables. A cohort of 4,641 schoolchildren was tested in 1975 (grades 4-6), in 1978 (grades 6-8), and, finally, in 1983 (grades 10-12). From 1978 to 1983, eight variable...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(87)90042-9
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tamoxifen citrate, the most extensively evaluated antiestrogen, acts primarily as a cytostatic agent by binding to the estrogen receptor. In rodent mammary model systems, when tamoxifen is given continuously after exposure to a carcinogen, the majority of expected tumors do not develop. In humans, adjuvant tamoxifen t...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(89)90037-6
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"Product sampling" is an effective marketing strategy which lowers consumer buying resistance by providing a free sample of the product for the consumer to test. We used this strategy to demonstrate the palatability of the prudent diet (30-35% of calories from total fats, less than 10% from saturated fats, less than 3...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(83)90211-6
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted in 1976-1980, were analyzed for the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (cigarette smoking, serum cholesterol, and blood pressure) among 2,342 premenopausal women ages 20-44 years, stratified by oral contraceptive use. For oral cont...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(86)90003-4
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Extensive research has been carried out to quantify the efficacy and immunologic responses to influenza immunization, however, only little was reported on whether the timing of vaccine administration affects its effectiveness. The study aims were to compare post-immunization hospitalization and mortality rat...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.02.009
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the long-term adherence to a yearlong exercise intervention among postmenopausal women. We examined the patterns of adherence to a yearlong exercise intervention and the influence of demographic, physiologic, and psychosocial variables on patterns of adherence among 173 sedentary, o...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.017
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:It is unknown how much previous reviews on promoting physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents (aged 6-18years) take into account studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC, based on the World Bank definition) and the level of evidence of the effect of PA interventions in this population. T...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.025
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To provide updated information on smoking prevalence in Italy, with a focus on type of tobacco product, including hand-rolled (HR) cigarettes. METHOD:Two nationally representative surveys were conducted in 2011 and 2012 in Italy on a total sample of 6167 adults. Information on type of tobacco most frequently...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.02.009
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：METHODS:Serum lipoprotein profiles in 4,231 individuals, ages 5-26 years, were studied cross-sectionally in a biracial community to describe the race- and gender-specific changes from adolescence into young adulthood. RESULTS:White children and adolescents of both genders showed significantly higher covariates--adjust...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(91)90063-a
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although colorectal cancer is not one of the major tobacco-related cancers, a possible association with tobacco has been suggested following the observation of a relationship between cigarette smoking and colorectal adenomas. The issue of a long latency of tobacco on colorectal carcinogenesis has also been s...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1995.1091
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Research has shown that social images or prototypes of smoking peers play a role in adolescents' decisions to start smoking. To devise effective prevention measures, specific information is needed about how adolescents evaluate characteristics associated with smoker prototypes. Such evaluation is assumed to ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.025
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The relationship between strength training (ST) behavior and mortality remains understudied in large, national samples, although smaller studies have observed that greater amounts of muscle strength are associated with lower risks of death. We aimed to understand the association between meeting ST guidelines...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.038
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:5 a Day for Better Health is a simple message encouraging people to eat more fruits and vegetables. The Seattle 5 a Day worksite investigators designed and evaluated an intervention, organized on stages of behavioral change, to increase worksitewide fruit and vegetable consumption. METHODS:We recruited 28 w...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1006/pmed.2000.0806
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ernst Wynder did not believe that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), also known as secondhand smoke, was a cause of lung cancer because his own data did not support this. His view on the issue may have begun to change with our initial studies, carried out at the American Health Foundation, showing that metabolites of ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.07.020
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling on Exercise plus nutrition (PACE+) is an intervention based in primary care settings to help patients change physical activity and dietary behaviors. METHODS:One hundred seventy-three adults were assessed before and after a 4-month intervention. All patients comple...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1006/pmed.2001.0964
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More physical activity (PA) and less screen time (ST) are positively associated with mental health in adolescents; however, research is limited by short-term designs and the exclusion of ST when examining PA. We examined: (a) changes in PA, ST, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of anxiety over four assessments span...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.002
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term, low levels of antineoplastic drugs and ionizing radiation in the work environment may have genotoxic effects on chromosomes in personnel. The effects of ionizing radiation is acknowledged in occupational medicine and therefore various measures have been undertaken to prevent such effects. However, there are...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(92)90056-n
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1981-1982 the Division of Cancer Control (Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles) implemented a Know Your Body program in the Los Angeles and Santa Monica Unified School Districts. The results from this evaluation are based on analyses of over 1,400 elementary school children (ag...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(87)90020-x
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Identification of risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome is a main component of preconception care, but requires adequate time and knowledge. This study compares self-administered questionnaires to history taking by a physician to evaluate the reliability of such a screening tool for prepregnancy risk de...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.2002.1009
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Associations are examined between parental smoking and smoking onset by their children. Smoking parents are more likely to have children who start smoking in their teenage years; however, less is known about whether parental quitting is related to adolescent smoking. METHODS:A cross-sectional national sampl...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.11.008
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
