Abstract:
:The authors assessed the relation between cigarette smoking and nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease in a case-control study of 124 cases of ulcerative colitis, 109 cases of Crohn's disease, and 250 age- and sex-matched control subjects in hospital for acute nongastric or intestinal conditions unrelated to smoking. For ulcerative colitis, the risk for current smoking compared with never smoking was 0.5, with a 95% confidence interval (Cl) of 0.3-1.0. They observed decreasing risk with increasing number of cigarettes smoked. The risk for ex-smokers, however, was greater than that for never smokers (relative risk = 2.7; 95% Cl = 1.5-4.9). The elevated risk of ulcerative colitis in ex-smoking in the presence of an overall lack of association with ever-smoking may plausibly be attributed to either 1) brief induction time of a protective effect of smoking on ulcerative colitis or 2) selective cessation of smoking due perhaps to very early symptoms of the disease. If time at first onset of bowel symptoms, instead of clinical diagnosis, is considered as the index date, the negative association between ulcerative colitis and current smoking would have weakened in men and disappeared in the overall series. There was clear evidence of a positive association between cigarette smoking and Crohn's disease (relative risk for ever smokers vs. never smokers = 4.0; 95% Cl = 2.2-7.3). The risk estimates increased with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and duration of habit. The association between current smoking and Crohn's disease was even stronger when age at first onset of bowel symptoms was considered as the index date, but the risk for ex-smokers fell below unity.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Franceschi S,Panza E,La Vecchia C,Parazzini F,Decarli A,Bianchi Porro Gdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114550subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-03-01 00:00:00pages
445-52issue
3eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
125pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Investigations of gene (G)-environment (E) interactions have led to limited findings to date, possibly due to weak effects of individual genetic variants. Polygenic risk scores (PRS), which capture the genetic susceptibility associated with a set of variants, can be a powerful tool for detecting global patterns of int...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz175
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benign breast disease is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. To further clarify whether there is a genetic link between benign and malignant breast lesions, the authors identified 14,648 first-degree female relatives of 8,807 patients in whom breast cancer was diagnosed at <50 years of age by using Danish...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn133
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium and dairy foods in relation to prostate cancer were examined in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP (formerly known as the American Association of Retired Persons) Diet and Health Study (1995/1996-2001). Diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Multivariate relative risks and...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm268
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease occurs with unusually high incidence in Alaskan Eskimos. In 1983, the authors evaluated the unique susceptibility of the Yupik-speaking Eskimo population in southwest Alaska. A matched case-control design was used to assess the influence of age, breast feeding, and ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116024
更新日期:1991-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental and prevalent case-control studies suggest an association between biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and adiposity and cancer risk, but results from prospective studies have been limited. The authors' objective was to prospectively examine the relations between these biomarkers and cancer r...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/aje/kws359
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In view of the carcinogenic potential and widespread use of conjugated estrogens (CEs), this study evaluated patterns and determinants of oral ambulatory CE use. Among 1273 women 30 to 69 years of age interviewed in Greater-Boston hospitals, there were 161 (13%) ever-users of CEs; 88 (7%) had used the drug within the ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112731
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although randomized controlled trials are regarded as the gold standard for comparison of treatments, evidence from observational studies is still relevant. To cope with the problem of possible confounding in these studies, investigators need methods for analyzing their results which adjust for confounders and lead to...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn010
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer is diagnosed at a younger age and a more advanced stage in African-American women than in White women. The authors investigated the effects of several factors, including race, on stage of breast cancer in women aged 20-54 years living in Atlanta, Georgia, and diagnosed between 1990 and 1992. A total of 2...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm177
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An epidemic of viral hepatitis beginning in late 1975 in a residence for multiply handicapped children, recognized very early in its course, was investigated prospectively to permit comparison of enzymatic and serologic tests. Thirty-three residents of the institution and 46 full- and part-time employees were studied ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112497
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 40,000 blood samples drawn in 1968-1972 by the Social Insurance Institution's mobile clinic in Finland have been stored. Linking cancer incidence data obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry with this material yielded 32 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed after drawing of the blood sample. These 32 ind...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116656
更新日期:1993-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors compared US motor vehicle and motorcycle mortality rates during periods when each of several alcohol-related laws were in effect with mortality rates during other periods. During the period 1980-1997, there were 792,184 deaths due to motor vehicle crashes and 63,052 deaths due to motorcycle crashes. An est...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwf186
更新日期:2003-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have provided evidence of an inverse association between atopic allergic conditions (AACs) and invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in predominantly white populations. We examined the association between AACs (asthma, hay fever, or allergy) and CRC among white, African-American, Native Hawa...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu361
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In systematic studies of the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis, DNA fingerprinting is used to estimate the fraction of incident cases attributable to recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rather than reactivation disease and to identify risk factors for recent transmission. This approach is based on t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/155.6.565
更新日期:2002-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic epidemiology represents a hybrid of epidemiologic designs and statistical models that explicitly consider both genetic and environmental risk factors for disease. It is a relatively new field in public health; the term was first coined only 35 years ago. In this short time, the field has been through a major e...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww001
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case-only design, which requires only diseased subjects, allows for estimation of multiplicative interactions between factors known to be independent in the study population. The design is being used as an alternative to the case-control design to study gene-environment interactions. Estimates of gene-environment ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/154.8.687
更新日期:2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that both active and passive smokers have an increased risk of breast cancer compared with women who have never been either actively or passively exposed. Data on lifetime active and passive smoking were collected in 1999-2000 from 468 predominantly premenopausal breast cancer patients diagnosed...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwf093
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a case-control study, matching on a disease risk score (DRS), which includes many confounders, should theoretically result in greater precision than matching on only a few confounders; however, this has not been investigated. We simulated 1,000 hypothetical cohorts with a binary exposure, a time-to-event outcome, a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv269
更新日期:2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Second-generation assays for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), a highly sensitive and specific marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have redefined the epidemiology of RA. In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) RA study (2009-2011), we evaluated the prevalence of anti-CCP positivity among 15,691 (10.2% of ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu003
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking has been posited as a possible risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but large population-based studies of patients with incident disease are still needed. The authors performed a population-based case-control study in the Netherlands between 2006 and 2009, including 494 patients with incident A...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws015
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of 8,006 men of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii who were followed from 1966 to 1983 for incident cardiovascular disease, 1,381 died and 290 had a protocol autopsy which included determination of the extent of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries and aorta. More than 50 biologic, lifestyle, and dietary character...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/126.2.214
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration, within its normal range, has recently been proposed as a reliable marker of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a central pathogenic role in many metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases, incidences of which have recently increased in South Korea. Since serum G...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal genetic variation may serve as a biomarker in studies aimed at clarifying fetal determinants of infant or adult disease. The log-linear approach to case-parent triad data (LCPT) can be used to investigate maternal genetic polymorphisms in relation to offspring disease risk, but LCPT operating characteristics ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi021
更新日期:2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Experimentally, high-carbohydrate diets have been shown to elevate triglycerides, but it has not been established whether this rise is permanent or transient. The authors approached this question by studying 719 boys from worldwide populations with marked differences in long-term carbohydrate intake. Fasting serum tri...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115497
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies of overdiagnosis are challenged by unclear definitions and the absence of unified measures. This spurs great controversies. Etymologically, overdiagnosis means too much diagnosis and stems from the inability to distinguish what is important from what is not. Accordingly, in order to grasp, measur...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz148
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The state of pneumococcal carriage-that is, pneumococcal colonization in the nasopharynx of healthy persons-represents a reservoir for the spread of pneumococci among individuals. In light of the introduction of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, further knowledge on the dynamics of pneumococcal carriage is importan...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp351
更新日期:2010-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although erectile dysfunction is frequently seen in patients with manifestations of arteriosclerotic disease, the independent contribution of serum cholesterol in predicting erectile dysfunction is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between serum cholesterol and erectile dysfunction. Medical hi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117181
更新日期:1994-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known the about the reproductive health of offspring after fertility treatment. In 2001-2005, the authors approached young Danish men attending a compulsory physical examination to determine their fitness for military service. A total of 1,925 men volunteered, delivered a semen sample, had a physical examina...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwk035
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of adult health risks from exposures that occurred in childhood may require case-control studies in which subjects who are now adults are asked to provide information that might be more accurately provided by their parents. The quality of parental smoking and drinking histories provided by adult offspring w...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114453
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The health status of 1025 urban senior citizens in a Montreal metropolitan area was determined by a questionnaire based on the subjects' view of physical, mental, and general well-being, and of dependence (indicators of Belloc et al., Berkman, Grogono and Woodgate, and Linn). A principal component analysis was made of...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112820
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have documented that age at immigration and generational status are important predictors of socioeconomic outcomes among children of immigrants. Whether these characteristics are related to long-term risk of death is unknown. Leveraging variation within sibships, we evaluated the association of age at immigrat...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz055
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00