Between-strain competition in acquisition and clearance of pneumococcal carriage--epidemiologic evidence from a longitudinal study of day-care children.

abstract：:This study prospectively examined the association between shift work and the risk of ischemic heart disease among Japanese male workers. A baseline survey, which involved 110,792 inhabitants (age range: 40-79 years) from 45 areas throughout Japan, was conducted between 1988 and 1990. The causes of death were identifie...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Fujino Y,Iso H,Tamakoshi A,Inaba Y,Koizumi A,Kubo T,Yoshimura T,Japanese Collaborative Cohort Study Group.

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective was to study the association between birth weight and the insulin sensitivity index. Altogether, 331 unrelated Caucasian subjects aged 18-32 years with measures of the insulin sensitivity index and insulin secretion during a combined intravenous glucose and tolbutamide tolerance test were included in the...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Clausen JO,Borch-Johnsen K,Pedersen O

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies have indicated that children delivered by cesarean section are at an increased risk of developing wheezing and asthma. This could be the result of an altered immune system development due to delayed gut colonization or of increased neonatal respiratory morbidity. The authors examined the associations between d...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Magnus MC,Håberg SE,Stigum H,Nafstad P,London SJ,Vangen S,Nystad W

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors investigated families with at least one hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carried in Okinawa, Japan, to determine possible routes of hepatitis B virus transmission within family units. A total of 175 members of 37 families on the western part of Iriomote Island, Okinawa, were followed up for 2-13 years; ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kashiwagi S,Hayashi J,Ikematsu H,Nomura H,Kajiyama W,Shingu T,Hayashida K,Kaji M

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is an important, avoidable factor associated with low birth weight. Maternal age is also associated with variations in birth weight. Using birth certificate data from all 347,650 singleton births for which maternal age and birth weight were recorded during 1984-1988 in Washington Sta...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Fox SH,Koepsell TD,Daling JR

更新日期：1994-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between leisure time physical activity and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality was analyzed in a Finnish cohort of 1,072 men age 35-63 years who were followed up for 10 years and 10 months. During the period, 168 deaths were recorded, 93 of which were the result of cardiovascular...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Haapanen N,Miilunpalo S,Vuori I,Oja P,Pasanen M

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cervical condyloma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are related to human papillomavirus infections, some of which may be involved in the etiology of cancer of the uterine cervix. This case-control study was designed to assess the relation of age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and cigaret...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Brisson J,Roy M,Fortier M,Bouchard C,Meisels A

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors approximated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroincidence in a population of men who have sex with men and who sought repeated anonymous HIV testing in San Francisco in 1995. The number of seroconversions and person-years of observation were estimated using the date and result of the current test and t...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： McFarland W,Kellogg TA,Dilley J,Katz MH

更新日期：1997-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The receiver operating characteristic curve is a commonly used tool for evaluating biomarker usefulness in clinical diagnosis of disease. Frequently, biomarkers being assessed have immeasurable or unreportable samples below some limit of detection. Ignoring observations below the limit of detection leads to negatively...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Perkins NJ,Schisterman EF,Vexler A

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A statistic, Q, based on the ranks of the estimated probabilities of disease is proposed for assessing the effectiveness of regression models used with dichotomous dependent variables in epidemiologic studies of risk factors for chronic diseases. The pitfalls of R2 are discussed, and the proposed statistic is compared...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Liu K,Dyer AR

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ninety-seven symptomatic and five asymptomatic infections with viral hepatitis, type A (102 cases) were identified in members, guests and employees of a private country club in an outbreak associated with consuming food and ice prepared or handled by an employee of the club's kitchen pantry. Twenty-three symptomatic p...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Osterholm MT,Kantor RJ,Bradley DW,Hall WN,Francis DP,Aaron HC,Washburn JW,Velde D

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infectious transmission of streptococci in families has been demonstrated to follow Greenwood's chain-binomial model in its simplest form which did not need beta transformation to correct for differences in susceptibility between families. Following the application of this model, an estimate of the risk of acquisition...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Poku K

更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An epidemic of viral hepatitis type A in an arctic area is described. From 1970-1974, 4961 clinical cases of hepatitis were reported in Greenland, corresponding to 11 per cent of the total population. Epidemiologic surveillance indicated person-to-person transmission of the disease, apparently by the oralfecal route. ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Skinhoj P,Mikkelsen F,Hollinger FB

更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant. Although experimental evidence suggests that TCDD alters thyroid hormone levels in rodents, human data are inconsistent. In 1976, a trichlorophenol plant exploded in Seveso, Italy. Women living in highly exposed areas were followed t...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Chevrier J,Warner M,Gunier RB,Brambilla P,Eskenazi B,Mocarelli P

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examines the impact of military service on 13 categories of self-reported physical health problems by using a sample of 2,260 American male-male monozygotic twin pairs who served on active duty during the Vietnam War. Data were collected in 1987 by using mail and/or telephone interviews. Twins who served in...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Eisen SA,Goldberg J,True WR,Henderson WG

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is accumulating evidence suggesting that children may drive the spread of influenza epidemics. The objective of this study was to quantify the lead time by age using laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A for the 1995/1996-2005/2006 seasons from Canadian communities and laboratory-confirmed hospital admission...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Schanzer D,Vachon J,Pelletier L

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection plays a major role in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between scrub typhus and systemic autoimmune diseases. We enrolled 6,928 hospitalized patients with scrub typhus between 2000 and 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Chu KA,Chen W,Hsu CY,Hung YM,Wei JC

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After diagnosis with prostate cancer, Black men in the United States have poorer survival than White men, even after controlling for differences in cancer stage. The extent to which these racial survival differences are due to biologic versus non-biologic factors is unclear, and it has been hypothesized that differenc...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Robbins AS,Whittemore AS,Thom DH

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Geographic information systems and exploratory spatial analysis were used to describe the geographic characteristics of pilot fatality rates in 1983-1998 general aviation crashes within the continental United States. The authors plotted crash sites on a digital map; rates were computed at regular grid intersections an...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Grabowski JG,Curriero FC,Baker SP,Li G

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In randomized controlled trials, the intention-to-treat estimator provides an unbiased estimate of the causal effect of treatment assignment on the outcome. However, patients often want to know what the effect would be if they were to take the treatment as prescribed (the patient-oriented effect), and several research...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Steele RJ,Shrier I,Kaufman JS,Platt RW

更新日期：2015-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult height is determined by genetics and childhood nutrition, but childhood infections may also play a role. Monozygotic twins are genetically matched and offer an advantage when identifying environmental determinants. In 2005-2007, we examined the association of childhood infections with adult height in 140 height-...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hwang AE,Mack TM,Hamilton AS,Gauderman WJ,Bernstein L,Cockburn MG,Zadnick J,Rand KA,Hopper JL,Cozen W

更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors extend previous results on nondifferential exposure misclassification to the situation in which multilevel exposure and covariables are both misclassified. They show that if misclassification is nondifferential and the predictive value matrices are independent of other predictor variables it is possible to...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Weinkam JJ,Rosenbaum WL,Sterling TD

更新日期：1999-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The etiology of Warthin's tumor, a benign parotid gland tumor, is unknown. Recent evidence suggests a possible relation with cigarette smoking as well as increasing incidence. We reviewed the medical record of subjects with a major salivary gland tumor newly diagnosed in Jefferson County, Alabama, from 1968 to 1989, a...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Pinkston JA,Cole P

更新日期：1996-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In a population-based case-control study carried out in Adelaide, South Australia, during the years 1984-1987, the diets of 104 cases of cancer of the pancreas 1 year prior to diagnosis were compared with the diets of 253 community controls. A quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Baghurst PA,McMichael AJ,Slavotinek AH,Baghurst KI,Boyle P,Walker AM

更新日期：1991-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:How can the "strengths" of risk factors, in the sense of how well they discriminate cases from controls, be compared when they are measured on different scales such as continuous, binary, and integer? Given that risk estimates take into account other fitted and design-related factors-and that is how risk gradients are...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hopper JL

更新日期：2015-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors present results from a novel approach to understanding recent secular trends in overweight in terms of changes in underlying component distributions. On the basis of an examination of two large overlapping samples of Danish young men (ns = 16,557 and 21,747) spanning birth cohorts 1939-1958, the authors fo...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Price RA,Ness R,Sørensen TI

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examines the familial clustering and relative influence of genetic and environmental effects on postterm birth in the Swedish population by considering all full- and half-siblings born in Sweden between 1992 and 2004. Of the eligible 475,429 births, 21% occurred after 41 completed weeks and 5.5% occurred af...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Oberg AS,Frisell T,Svensson AC,Iliadou AN

更新日期：2013-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have led to the discovery of several dozen genetic polymorphisms associated with breast cancer susceptibility, many of which are considered well-established risk factors for the disease. Despite attempts to replicate these same variant-disease associat...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： O'Brien KM,Cole SR,Poole C,Bensen JT,Herring AH,Engel LS,Millikan RC

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because the magnitude of tracking coefficients (i.e., stability coefficients and tracking for subjects at risk) greatly depends on the initial age of subjects, the number and spacing of longitudinal measurements, and the length of the total time period, it is difficult to compare tracking coefficients from different s...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Twisk JW,Kemper HC,van Mechelen W,Post GB

更新日期：1997-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiences of discrimination are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes; however, it is unknown whether discrimination is related to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We investigated the associations of major experiences of discrimination (unfair treatment in 6 situations) and everyday ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Whitaker KM,Everson-Rose SA,Pankow JS,Rodriguez CJ,Lewis TT,Kershaw KN,Diez Roux AV,Lutsey PL

更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00